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OpenLayers實(shí)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)要素圖層的聚合顯示的方法

 更新時(shí)間:2021年09月16日 11:19:14   作者:HerryDong  
在很多情況下,點(diǎn)要素圖層中的要素?cái)?shù)量可能會(huì)成百上千,如果一個(gè)點(diǎn)要素圖層中的點(diǎn)數(shù)量很多,我們就會(huì)采取圖層聚合的方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行處理,本文就來介紹一下,感興趣的可以了解一下

1、前言

在很多情況下,點(diǎn)要素圖層中的要素?cái)?shù)量可能會(huì)成百上千,這時(shí)候如果不做任何處理直接加載到地圖上不僅會(huì)使用戶視覺體驗(yàn)下降,而且也會(huì)造成地圖界面的卡頓。下面這段代碼創(chuàng)建了1000個(gè)隨機(jī)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行顯示:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>OpenLayers</title>
    <style>
        html, body, #map {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
    </style>
    <link href="libs/ol/ol.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="libs/ol/ol.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="map"></div>

    <script>
        // 隨機(jī)創(chuàng)建1000個(gè)要素
        var source = new ol.source.Vector();
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.00 + Math.random(), 30.00 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.01 + Math.random(), 30.01 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.02 + Math.random(), 30.02 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.03 + Math.random(), 30.03 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.04 + Math.random(), 30.04 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }

        // 創(chuàng)建圖層
        var layer = new ol.layer.Vector({
            source: source,
            style: function (feature, resolution) {
                var style = new ol.style.Style({
                    image: new ol.style.Icon({
                        src: 'img/location.png'
                    })
                })
                return style;
            }
        });

        // 創(chuàng)建地圖
        var map = new ol.Map({
            target: 'map',
            layers: [
                new ol.layer.Tile({
                    source: new ol.source.OSM()
                }),
                layer
            ],
            view: new ol.View({
                projection: 'EPSG:4326',
                center: [120, 30],
                zoom: 10,
                minZoom: 5,
                maxZoom: 14
            })
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下圖所示:

在這里插入圖片描述

這么多點(diǎn)擠在一起,是不是感覺很惡心?一般來說,如果一個(gè)點(diǎn)要素圖層中的點(diǎn)數(shù)量很多,我們就會(huì)采取圖層聚合的方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行處理。但需要注意:圖層聚合只對(duì)點(diǎn)要素圖層有效,對(duì)線和面圖層無效

2、點(diǎn)要素圖層的聚合

openlayers中,圖層聚合的一般步驟如下:

  • 創(chuàng)建要素
  • 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)源添加要素
  • 創(chuàng)建聚合數(shù)據(jù)源,設(shè)置聚合的距離
  • 創(chuàng)建圖層,將數(shù)據(jù)源設(shè)置為聚合數(shù)據(jù)源
  • 創(chuàng)建地圖,添加聚合圖層

圖層聚合代碼如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>OpenLayers</title>
    <style>
        html, body, #map {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
    </style>
    <link href="libs/ol/ol.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="libs/ol/ol.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="map"></div>

    <script>
        // 隨機(jī)創(chuàng)建1000個(gè)要素
        var source = new ol.source.Vector();
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.00 + Math.random(), 30.00 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.01 + Math.random(), 30.01 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.02 + Math.random(), 30.02 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.03 + Math.random(), 30.03 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.04 + Math.random(), 30.04 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }

        // 聚合
        var cluster = new ol.source.Cluster({
            source: source,
            distance: 100
        })

        // 創(chuàng)建圖層
        var layer = new ol.layer.Vector({
            source: cluster,
            style: function (feature, resolution) {
                var size = feature.get('features').length;
                var style = new ol.style.Style({
                    image: new ol.style.Circle({
                        radius: 30,
                        stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                            color: 'white'
                        }),
                        fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                            color: 'blue'
                        })
                    }),
                    text: new ol.style.Text({
                        text: size.toString(),
                        fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                            color: 'white'
                        })
                    })
                })
                return style;
            }
        });

        // 創(chuàng)建地圖
        var map = new ol.Map({
            target: 'map',
            layers: [
                new ol.layer.Tile({
                    source: new ol.source.OSM()
                }),
                layer
            ],
            view: new ol.View({
                projection: 'EPSG:4326',
                center: [120, 30],
                zoom: 10,
                minZoom: 5,
                maxZoom: 14
            })
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下圖所示:

在這里插入圖片描述

3、聚合特殊處理一

上面的代碼雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)了點(diǎn)要素圖層的聚合,但其實(shí)存在著一個(gè)問題:地圖縮放層級(jí)最大時(shí)仍然保持著聚合效果,如下圖所示:

在這里插入圖片描述

一般來說,當(dāng)某處只有一個(gè)點(diǎn)時(shí)就應(yīng)該取消聚合效果,這時(shí)候我們就需要在style: function (feature, resolution)這個(gè)回調(diào)函數(shù)里做文章了,代碼如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>OpenLayers</title>
    <style>
        html, body, #map {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
    </style>
    <link href="libs/ol/ol.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="libs/ol/ol.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="map"></div>

    <script>
        // 隨機(jī)創(chuàng)建1000個(gè)要素
        var source = new ol.source.Vector();
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.00 + Math.random(), 30.00 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.01 + Math.random(), 30.01 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.02 + Math.random(), 30.02 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.03 + Math.random(), 30.03 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.04 + Math.random(), 30.04 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }

        // 聚合
        var cluster = new ol.source.Cluster({
            source: source,
            distance: 100
        })

        // 創(chuàng)建圖層
        var layer = new ol.layer.Vector({
            source: cluster,
            style: function (feature, resolution) {
                var size = feature.get('features').length;
                if (size == 1) {
                    return new ol.style.Style({
                        image: new ol.style.Icon({
                            src: 'img/location.png'
                        })
                    })
                }
                else {
                    return new ol.style.Style({
                        image: new ol.style.Circle({
                            radius: 30,
                            stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                                color: 'white'
                            }),
                            fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                                color: 'blue'
                            })
                        }),
                        text: new ol.style.Text({
                            text: size.toString(),
                            fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                                color: 'white'
                            })
                        })
                    })
                }
            }
        });

        // 創(chuàng)建地圖
        var map = new ol.Map({
            target: 'map',
            layers: [
                new ol.layer.Tile({
                    source: new ol.source.OSM()
                }),
                layer
            ],
            view: new ol.View({
                projection: 'EPSG:4326',
                center: [120, 30],
                zoom: 10,
                minZoom: 5,
                maxZoom: 14
            })
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下圖所示:

在這里插入圖片描述

其實(shí)這個(gè)效果實(shí)現(xiàn)起來很簡單,核心代碼就是:var size = feature.get('features').length;,如果size>1,則返回聚合樣式,反之則返回圖片樣式。

4、聚合特殊處理二

在上面的代碼中,我把地圖的最大縮放層級(jí)設(shè)置為14,這也就導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)問題:當(dāng)?shù)貓D縮放到最大層級(jí)時(shí),還有很多點(diǎn)保持著聚合效果。有時(shí)候用戶可能會(huì)要求:當(dāng)?shù)貓D縮放到最大層級(jí)時(shí),取消全部聚合效果。如果要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能,我們就需要對(duì)地圖事件進(jìn)行監(jiān)聽了,代碼如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>OpenLayers</title>
    <style>
        html, body, #map {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
    </style>
    <link href="libs/ol/ol.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="libs/ol/ol.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="map"></div>

    <script>
        // 隨機(jī)創(chuàng)建1000個(gè)要素
        var source = new ol.source.Vector();
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.00 + Math.random(), 30.00 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.01 + Math.random(), 30.01 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.02 + Math.random(), 30.02 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.03 + Math.random(), 30.03 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }
        for (var i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
            var coordinates = [120.04 + Math.random(), 30.04 + Math.random()];
            var feature = new ol.Feature(new ol.geom.Point(coordinates));
            source.addFeature(feature);
        }

        // 聚合
        var cluster = new ol.source.Cluster({
            source: source,
            distance: 100
        })

        // 創(chuàng)建圖層
        var layer = new ol.layer.Vector({
            source: cluster,
            style: function (feature, resolution) {
                var size = feature.get('features').length;
                if (size == 1) {
                    return new ol.style.Style({
                        image: new ol.style.Icon({
                            src: 'img/location.png'
                        })
                    })
                }
                else {
                    return new ol.style.Style({
                        image: new ol.style.Circle({
                            radius: 30,
                            stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                                color: 'white'
                            }),
                            fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                                color: 'blue'
                            })
                        }),
                        text: new ol.style.Text({
                            text: size.toString(),
                            fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                                color: 'white'
                            })
                        })
                    })
                }
            }
        });

        // 創(chuàng)建地圖
        var map = new ol.Map({
            target: 'map',
            layers: [
                new ol.layer.Tile({
                    source: new ol.source.OSM()
                }),
                layer
            ],
            view: new ol.View({
                projection: 'EPSG:4326',
                center: [120, 30],
                zoom: 10,
                minZoom: 5,
                maxZoom: 14
            })
        });

        // 監(jiān)聽地圖分辨率改變事件
        map.getView().on('change:resolution', function (event) {
            if (map.getView().getZoom() == map.getView().getMaxZoom()) {
                cluster.setDistance(0);
            }
            else {
                cluster.setDistance(100);
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下圖所示:

在這里插入圖片描述

這個(gè)效果的實(shí)現(xiàn)也很簡單,只需要監(jiān)聽當(dāng)前地圖的分辨率變化事件,如果當(dāng)前縮放層級(jí)已經(jīng)是最大層級(jí),則將聚合的距離設(shè)置為0即可。

5.、結(jié)語

在要素?cái)?shù)量很多的情況下,我們應(yīng)該考慮對(duì)其進(jìn)行聚合處理,這樣不僅提升了用戶的使用感受,而且也可以避免界面卡頓。其實(shí)在上面的代碼中,我對(duì)change:resolution事件進(jìn)行了監(jiān)聽,你也可以換成另一個(gè)事件——moveend,代碼如下所示:

map.on('moveend', function (event) {
    if (map.getView().getZoom() == map.getView().getMaxZoom()) {
        cluster.setDistance(0);
    }
    else {
        cluster.setDistance(100);
    }
});

對(duì)moveend事件進(jìn)行監(jiān)聽也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)相同的效果,因?yàn)闊o論是地圖的縮放、平移都會(huì)觸發(fā)該事件。

到此這篇關(guān)于OpenLayers實(shí)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)要素圖層的聚合顯示的方法的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)OpenLayers 點(diǎn)要素圖層的聚合顯示內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!

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