Ubuntu搭建Mysql+Keepalived高可用的實現(xiàn)(雙主熱備)

更新時間：2021年11月30日 15:48:42 作者：程序員茍哥

本文主要介紹了Ubuntu搭建Mysql+Keepalived高可用的實現(xiàn)(雙主熱備)，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

Mysql5.5雙機熱備

實現(xiàn)方案

安裝兩臺Mysql

安裝Mysql5.5

sudo apt-get update

apt-get install aptitude
aptitude install mysql-server-5.5
或
sudo apt-cache search mariadb-server
apt-get install -y mariadb-server-5.5

卸載

sudo apt-get remove mysql-*
dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P

配置權(quán)限

vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1

mysql -u root -p
grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option;
flush privileges;

配置兩臺Mysql主主同步

配置節(jié)點1

vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

server-id       = 1                                            #節(jié)點ID
log_bin         = mysql-bin.log               #日志 
binlog_format   = "ROW"                                    #日志格式
auto_increment_increment = 2                        #自增ID間隔(=節(jié)點數(shù)，防止ID沖突)
auto_increment_offset  = 1                            #自增ID起始值(節(jié)點ID)
binlog_ignore_db=mysql                                    #不同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫
binlog_ignore_db=information_schema
binlog_ignore_db=performance_schema

重啟mysql

service mysql restart
mysql -u root -p

記錄節(jié)點1的binlog日志位置

show master status;
mysql-bin.000001    245        mysql,information_schema,performance_schema

配置節(jié)點2

vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

server-id       = 2
log_bin         = mysql-bin.log                    
relay_log       = mysql-relay-bin.log        #中繼日志
log_slave_updates = ON                                  #中繼日志執(zhí)行后，變化計入日志
read_only       = 0
binlog_format   = "ROW"
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset  = 2
binlog_ignore_db=mysql
binlog_ignore_db=information_schema
binlog_ignore_db=performance_schema
replicate_ignore_db=mysql
replicate_ignore_db=information_schema
replicate_ignore_db=performance_schema

配置主從

mysql -u root -p

CHANGE MASTER TO 
       MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.21', 
       MASTER_USER='root', 
       MASTER_PASSWORD='root', 
       MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', 
       MASTER_LOG_POS=245;

#開啟同步
start slave

#查看同步狀態(tài) Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running需要均為Yes       
show slave status;

記錄節(jié)點2的binlog日志位置

show master status;

mysql-bin.000001    1029        mysql,information_schema,performance_schema

配置主主（節(jié)點1）

vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

relay_log       = mysql-relay-bin.log
log_slave_updates = ON
read_only       = 0
replicate_ignore_db=mysql
replicate_ignore_db=information_schema
replicate_ignore_db=performance_schema

開啟同步

mysql -u root -p

CHANGE MASTER TO 
       MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.20', 
       MASTER_USER='root', 
       MASTER_PASSWORD='root', 
       MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', 
       MASTER_LOG_POS=1029;

#開啟同步
start slave

#查看同步狀態(tài) Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running需要均為Yes       
show slave status;

異常處理

Could not initialize master info structure, more error messages can be found in the MySQL error log
解決：reset slave

安裝配置Keepalived

安裝Keepalived

#依賴
sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install -y openssl 
sudo apt-get install -y libpopt-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libnl-dev libnl-3-dev libnl-genl-3.dev
apt-get install daemon
apt-get install libc-dev
apt-get install libnfnetlink-dev
apt-get install libnl-genl-3.dev

#安裝
apt-get install keepalived

#編譯安裝
cd /usr/local
wget https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz 
mv keepalived-2.2.2 keepalived
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
sudo make && make install

#開啟日志
sudo vim /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf 

*.=info;*.=notice;*.=warn;\
        auth,authpriv.none;\
        cron,daemon.none;\
        mail,news.none          -/var/log/messages
        
sudo service rsyslog restart 
tail -f /var/log/messages

sudo mkdir /etc/sysconfig
sudo cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
sudo cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
sudo cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
sudo mkdir /etc/keepalived
sudo cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

配置節(jié)點信息

節(jié)點1 192.168.1.21

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {
   router_id MYSQL_HA　　#當前節(jié)點名
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {    
    state BACKUP         #兩臺配置節(jié)點均為BACKUP
    interface eth0       #綁定虛擬IP的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口
    virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP組名，兩個節(jié)點的設(shè)置必須一樣，以指明各個節(jié)點屬于同一VRRP組
    priority 101         #節(jié)點的優(yōu)先級,另一臺優(yōu)先級改低一點
    advert_int 1         #組播信息發(fā)送間隔，兩個節(jié)點設(shè)置必須一樣
    nopreempt            #不搶占，只在優(yōu)先級高的機器上設(shè)置即可，優(yōu)先級低的機器不設(shè)置
    authentication {      #設(shè)置驗證信息，兩個節(jié)點必須一致
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {   #指定虛擬IP,兩個節(jié)點設(shè)置必須一樣
        192.168.1.111
    }
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.111 3306 {   #linux虛擬服務(wù)器(LVS)配置 
    delay_loop 2     #每個2秒檢查一次real_server狀態(tài)
    lb_algo wrr      #LVS調(diào)度算法,rr|wrr|lc|wlc|lblc|sh|dh
    lb_kind DR      #LVS集群模式 ,NAT|DR|TUN
    persistence_timeout 60    #會話保持時間
    protocol TCP    #使用的協(xié)議是TCP還是UDP

    real_server 192.168.1.21 3306 {
        weight 3   #權(quán)重
        notify_down  /usr/local/bin/mysql.sh    #檢測到服務(wù)down后執(zhí)行的腳本
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 10   #連接超時時間
            nb_get_retry 3      #重連次數(shù)
            delay_before_retry 3 #重連間隔時間
            connect_port 3306    #健康檢查端口
        }
    }    
}

節(jié)點2 192.168.1.20

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {
   router_id MYSQL_HA　　#當前節(jié)點名
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP         #兩臺配置節(jié)點均為BACKUP
    interface eth0       #綁定虛擬IP的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口
    virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP組名，兩個節(jié)點的設(shè)置必須一樣，以指明各個節(jié)點屬于同一VRRP組
    priority 100         #節(jié)點的優(yōu)先級,另一臺優(yōu)先級改低一點
    advert_int 1         #組播信息發(fā)送間隔，兩個節(jié)點設(shè)置必須一樣
    nopreempt            #不搶占，只在優(yōu)先級高的機器上設(shè)置即可，優(yōu)先級低的機器不設(shè)置
    authentication {      #設(shè)置驗證信息，兩個節(jié)點必須一致
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {   #指定虛擬IP,兩個節(jié)點設(shè)置必須一樣
        192.168.1.111
    }
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.111 3306 {   #linux虛擬服務(wù)器(LVS)配置
    delay_loop 2     #每個2秒檢查一次real_server狀態(tài)
    lb_algo wrr      #LVS調(diào)度算法,rr|wrr|lc|wlc|lblc|sh|dh
    lb_kind DR      #LVS集群模式 ,NAT|DR|TUN
    persistence_timeout 60    #會話保持時間
    protocol TCP    #使用的協(xié)議是TCP還是UDP

    real_server 192.168.1.20 3306 {
        weight 3   #權(quán)重
        notify_down  /usr/local/bin/mysql.sh    #檢測到服務(wù)down后執(zhí)行的腳本
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 10   #連接超時時間
            nb_get_retry 3      #重連次數(shù)
            delay_before_retry 3 #重連間隔時間
            connect_port 3306    #健康檢查端口
        }
    }
}

編寫異常處理腳本

vim /usr/local/bin/mysql.sh

#!/bin/sh
killall keepalived

分配權(quán)限

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mysql.sh
###測試
重啟keepalived

service keepalived restart

查看日志

tail -f /var/log/messages

查看虛擬IP

ip addr  #或ip a 或ifconfig

#主節(jié)點會有虛擬IP
eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:9e:17:53:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.21/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.1.111/32 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

關(guān)閉主節(jié)點的mysql服務(wù)

service mysql stop

日志信息

#主節(jié)點
Aug 10 15:00:30 i-7jaope92 Keepalived_healthcheckers[4949]: TCP connection to [192.168.1.20]:3306 failed !!!
Aug 10 15:00:30 i-7jaope92 Keepalived_healthcheckers[4949]: Removing service [192.168.1.20]:3306 from VS [192.168.1.111]:3306
Aug 10 15:00:30 i-7jaope92 Keepalived_healthcheckers[4949]: Executing [/usr/local/bin/mysql.sh] for service [192.168.1.20]:3306 in VS [192.168.1.111]:3306
Aug 10 15:00:30 i-7jaope92 Keepalived_healthcheckers[4949]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 > 0 for VS [192.168.1.111]:3306
Aug 10 15:00:30 i-7jaope92 Keepalived_vrrp[4950]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
Aug 10 15:00:30 i-7jaope92 kernel: [100918.976041] IPVS: __ip_vs_del_service: enter

#從節(jié)點
Aug 10 15:00:31 i-6gxo6kx7 Keepalived_vrrp[718]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Aug 10 15:00:32 i-6gxo6kx7 Keepalived_vrrp[718]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

虛擬IP從主節(jié)點漂移到從節(jié)點

ip a

eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:9e:e7:26:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.20/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.1.111/32 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Mysql連接測試