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docker網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置過程詳解介紹

 更新時(shí)間：2021年12月08日 15:46:20   作者：快樂風(fēng)男！  
大家好，本篇文章主要講的是docker網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置過程詳解介紹，感興趣的同學(xué)趕快來看一看吧，對(duì)你有幫助的話記得收藏一下，方便下次瀏覽

Linux內(nèi)核實(shí)現(xiàn)名稱空間的創(chuàng)建

ip netns命令

可以借助ip netns命令來完成對(duì) Network Namespace 的各種操作。ip netns命令來自于iproute安裝包，一般系統(tǒng)會(huì)默認(rèn)安裝，如果沒有的話，請(qǐng)自行安裝。

注意：ip netns命令修改網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置時(shí)需要 sudo 權(quán)限。

可以通過ip netns命令完成對(duì)Network Namespace 的相關(guān)操作，可以通過ip netns help查看命令幫助信息：

[root@master ~]# ip netns help
Usage:  ip netns list
        ip netns add NAME
        ip netns attach NAME PID
        ip netns set NAME NETNSID
        ip [-all] netns delete [NAME]
        ip netns identify [PID]
        ip netns pids NAME
        ip [-all] netns exec [NAME] cmd ...
        ip netns monitor
        ip netns list-id [target-nsid POSITIVE-INT] [nsid POSITIVE-INT]
NETNSID := auto | POSITIVE-INT
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
[root@master ~]# ip netns add ns0
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
ns0
[root@master ~]# ls /var/run/netns
ns0
[root@master ~]# ip netns add ns0
Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns0": File exists
[root@master ~]# touch /var/run/netns/ns1
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
Error: Peer netns reference is invalid.
Error: Peer netns reference is invalid.
ns1
ns0
[root@master ~]# ip netns del ns1
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
ns0

操作Network Namespace

ip命令提供了ip netns exec子命令可以在對(duì)應(yīng)的 Network Namespace 中執(zhí)行命令。

查看新創(chuàng)建 Network Namespace 的網(wǎng)卡信息

[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
可以看到，新創(chuàng)建的Network Namespace中會(huì)默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)lo回環(huán)網(wǎng)卡，此時(shí)網(wǎng)卡處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)。此時(shí)，嘗試去 ping 該lo回環(huán)網(wǎng)卡，會(huì)提示Network is unreachable
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
connect: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)不可達(dá)
通過下面的命令啟用lo回環(huán)網(wǎng)卡
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set lo up
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.024 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms

轉(zhuǎn)移設(shè)備

我們可以在不同的 Network Namespace 之間轉(zhuǎn)移設(shè)備（如veth）。由于一個(gè)設(shè)備只能屬于一個(gè) Network Namespace ，所以轉(zhuǎn)移后在這個(gè) Network Namespace 內(nèi)就看不到這個(gè)設(shè)備了。

其中，veth設(shè)備屬于可轉(zhuǎn)移設(shè)備，而很多其它設(shè)備（如lo、vxlan、ppp、bridge等）是不可以轉(zhuǎn)移的。

veth pair

veth pair 全稱是 Virtual Ethernet Pair，是一個(gè)成對(duì)的端口，所有從這對(duì)端口一 端進(jìn)入的數(shù)據(jù)包都將從另一端出來，反之也是一樣。

引入veth pair是為了在不同的 Network Namespace 直接進(jìn)行通信，利用它可以直接將兩個(gè) Network Namespace 連接起來。

在這里插入圖片描述

創(chuàng)建veth pair

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1522sec preferred_lft 1522sec
    inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:b8:38:aa:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:b8ff:fe38:aa7d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: veth2672252@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether ca:56:6c:07:de:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::c856:6cff:fe07:deaf/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ip link add type veth
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1499sec preferred_lft 1499sec
    inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:b8:38:aa:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:b8ff:fe38:aa7d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: veth2672252@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether ca:56:6c:07:de:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::c856:6cff:fe07:deaf/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: veth0@veth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether a2:0f:68:39:2c:fd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
11: veth1@veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether e6:e9:55:96:60:35 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

可以看到，此時(shí)系統(tǒng)中新增了一對(duì)veth pair，將veth0和veth1兩個(gè)虛擬網(wǎng)卡連接了起來，此時(shí)這對(duì) veth pair 處于”未啟用“狀態(tài)。

實(shí)現(xiàn)Network Namespace間通信

[root@master ~]#  ip netns list
ns0
[root@master ~]# ip netns add ns1
[root@master ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns0
[root@master ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns1
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 up
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr add 192.168.2.1/24 dev veth0
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 up
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1  ip addr add 192.168.2.2/24 dev veth1
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: veth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether a2:0f:68:39:2c:fd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1
    inet 192.168.2.1/24 scope global veth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00f:68ff:fe39:2cfd/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
11: veth1@if10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether e6:e9:55:96:60:35 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns0
    inet 192.168.2.2/24 scope global veth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::e4e9:55ff:fe96:6035/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ping 192.168.2.1
PING 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms

可以看到，veth pair成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)不同Network Namespace之間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)交互。

veth設(shè)備重命名

[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 down
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 down
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 down
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: veth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether a2:0f:68:39:2c:fd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1
    inet 192.168.2.1/24 scope global veth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 down 
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link  set dev veth1 name eth0
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set eth0
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
11: eth0@if10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether e6:e9:55:96:60:35 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns0
    inet 192.168.2.2/24 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

四種網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式配置

bridge模式

[root@master ~]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
3aab638df1a9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:52817dece4cfe26f581c834d27a8e1bcc82194f914afe6d50afad5a101234ef1
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
docker.io/library/busybox:latest
[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --rm busybox # --rm 刪除或停止容器后自動(dòng)銷毀容器
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: eth0@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit
[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --network bridge --rm busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
14: eth0@if15: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit

none模式

[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --rm --network none busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit
使用none模式，Docker容器擁有自己的Network Namespace，但是，并不為Docker容器進(jìn)行任何網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置。也就是說，這個(gè)Docker容器沒有網(wǎng)卡、IP、路由等信息。需要我們自己為Docker容器添加網(wǎng)卡、配置IP等。

container模式

[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b3 --rm busybox
/ #  ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
16: eth0@if17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
新開一個(gè)終端
[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b4 --rm --network container:b3 busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
16: eth0@if17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 在b3上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # mkdir yy
在b4上查看
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
在b3上創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站
/ # echo "aaa." > bbb/index.html
/ # httpd -h bbb/
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTE

# 在b4上訪問
/ # wget -qO - 172.17.0.2
aaa
/ #
# 由此可見，container模式下的容器間關(guān)系就相當(dāng)于一臺(tái)主機(jī)上的兩個(gè)不同進(jìn)程

這個(gè)模式指定新創(chuàng)建的容器和已經(jīng)存在的一個(gè)容器共享一個(gè) Network Namespace，而不是和宿主機(jī)共享。新創(chuàng)建的容器不會(huì)創(chuàng)建自己的網(wǎng)卡，配置自己的 IP，而是和一個(gè)指定的容器共享 IP、端口范圍等。同樣，兩個(gè)容器除了網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面，其他的如文件系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)程列表等還是隔離的。兩個(gè)容器的進(jìn)程可以通過 lo 網(wǎng)卡設(shè)備通信。

host模式
啟動(dòng)容器時(shí)直接指明模式為host

[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b5 --rm --network host busybox
/ # ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1741sec preferred_lft 1741sec
    inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:b8:38:aa:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:b8ff:fe38:aa7d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: veth2672252@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 
    link/ether ca:56:6c:07:de:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::c856:6cff:fe07:deaf/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # mkdir www
/ # echo "ccc" > www/index.html
/ # httpd -h www/
/ # 
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1730sec preferred_lft 1730sec
    inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:b8:38:aa:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:b8ff:fe38:aa7d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: veth2672252@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether ca:56:6c:07:de:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::c856:6cff:fe07:deaf/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.197.131
ccc

容器的常用操作

[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b6 --rm busybox
/ # hostname
ef156ee78b70
/ # exit
[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b6 --hostname yanghaixx busybox
/ # hostname 
yanghaixx
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.3      yanghaixx
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.197.2
/ # ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: seq=0 ttl=127 time=25.224 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: seq=1 ttl=127 time=24.795 ms
[root@master ~]# docker run -it --rm  --name b7 --dns 8.8.8.8 --hostname yanghaixx busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
search localdomain
nameserver 8.8.8.8

/ # exit .
[root@master ~]# docker run -it --name b7 --rm --hostname yanghaixx --add-host baidu.com:0.0.0.0  busybox
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
0.0.0.0 baidu.com
172.17.0.3      yanghaixx

端口映射
執(zhí)行docker run的時(shí)候有個(gè)-p選項(xiàng)，可以將容器中的應(yīng)用端口映射到宿主機(jī)中，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)讓外部主機(jī)可以通過訪問宿主機(jī)的某端口來訪問容器內(nèi)應(yīng)用的目的。

-p選項(xiàng)能夠使用多次，其所能夠暴露的端口必須是容器確實(shí)在監(jiān)聽的端口。

-p選項(xiàng)的使用格式：

-p
將指定的容器端口映射至主機(jī)所有地址的一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)端口
動(dòng)態(tài)端口指的是隨機(jī)端口，具體的映射結(jié)果可使用docker port命令查看。

[root@master ~]# docker run -d --name web1 --rm -p 80 yanghaixx/nginx:v2
62029a5977a06e07ab5b40c78ce60e9cc519364512bc2e6d5785afd7dc1e090f
[root@master ~]#  docker port web1
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49153
80/tcp -> :::49153
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.197.131:49153
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a >nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a >nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

將容器端口映射到宿主機(jī)的指定端口

[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name web2 --rm -p 2525:80 yanghaixx/nginx:v2
62a93a8ef40eec981b2d1682da92523027999991b0294782be38d4565b210ff8
[root@master ~]# docker port web2
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:2525
80/tcp -> :::2525
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.197.131:2525
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a >nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a >nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

自定義docker0橋的網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬性信息

自定義docker0橋的網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬性信息需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
        "registry-mirrors": ["https://q9u587gb.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
        "bip": "192.168.2.1/24"
}
See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1690sec preferred_lft 1690sec
    inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:97:2a:95:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.1/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:97ff:fe2a:9542/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

docker創(chuàng)建自定義橋

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
        "registry-mirrors": ["https://q9u587gb.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
        "bip": "192.168.2.1/24"
}
See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1690sec preferred_lft 1690sec
    inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:97:2a:95:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.1/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:97ff:fe2a:9542/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

使用新創(chuàng)建的自定義橋來創(chuàng)建容器：

[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name web --network br0 --rm yanghaixx/nginx:v2
aec728f703567b36016cf09cde1ffd1036673d7c2d961cae0b81cd09721d5cb9
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it web /bin/bash
[root@aec728f70356 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
31: eth0@if32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:01:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.1.2/24 brd 172.17.1.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

再創(chuàng)建一個(gè)容器，使用默認(rèn)的bridge橋：

[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name web02 --rm luojiatian1904/nginx:v2
4ee412be6d20b96a18f0b6fc0062beefc2192d906b212134b362ec41be5144ff
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it web02 /bin/bash
[root@4ee412be6d20 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
33: eth0@if34: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:c0:a8:02:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 192.168.2.2/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@4ee412be6d20 /]#

試想一下，此時(shí)的b2與b1能否互相通信？如果不能該如何實(shí)現(xiàn)通信

# 運(yùn)行兩個(gè)容器在不同網(wǎng)段
[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name web --network br0 --rm yanghaixx/nginx:v2
aec728f703567b36016cf09cde1ffd1036673d7c2d961cae0b81cd09721d5cb9
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it web /bin/bash
[root@aec728f70356 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
31: eth0@if32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:01:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.1.2/24 brd 172.17.1.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name web02 --rm yanghaixx/nginx:v2
4ee412be6d20b96a18f0b6fc0062beefc2192d906b212134b362ec41be5144ff
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it web02 /bin/bash
[root@4ee412be6d20 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
33: eth0@if34: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:c0:a8:02:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 192.168.2.2/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
4ee412be6d20   luojiatian1904/nginx:v2   "/usr/local/nginx/sb…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             web02
aec728f70356   luojiatian1904/nginx:v2   "/usr/local/nginx/sb…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             web

將br0網(wǎng)絡(luò) (C1) 連接到c2(一個(gè)容器運(yùn)行兩個(gè)橋)

[root@master ~]# docker network connect  br0 aec728f70356(web容器ID)
[root@4ee412be6d20 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
33: eth0@if34: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:c0:a8:02:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 192.168.2.2/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
35: eth1@if36: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:01:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.1.3/24 brd 172.17.1.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@4ee412be6d20 /]# ping 172.17.1.2
PING 172.17.1.2 (172.17.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.095 ms

到此這篇關(guān)于docker網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置過程詳解介紹的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)docker網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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