Java?WebService開源框架CXF詳解
CXF簡介
CXF是一個開源的WebService框架。Apache CXF = Celtix + XFire,開始叫 Apache CeltiXfire,后來更名為 Apache CXF 了,以下簡稱為 CXF。CXF 繼承了 Celtix 和 XFire 兩大開源項目的精華,提供了對 JAX-WS 全面的支持,并且提供了多種 Binding 、DataBinding、Transport 以及各種 Format 的支持,并且可以根據(jù)實際項目的需要,采用代碼優(yōu)先(Code First)或者 WSDL 優(yōu)先(WSDL First)來輕松地實現(xiàn) Web Services 的發(fā)布和使用。
支持多種標準
- 支持 JAX-WS、 JAX-WSA、JSR-181 和 SAAJ;
- 支持 SOAP 1.1、1.2、WS-I BasicProfile、WS-Security、WS-Addressing、WS-RM 和 WS-Policy;
- 支持 WSDL 1.1 、2.0;
- 支持 MTOM;
它支持多種協(xié)議,比如:SOAP1.1,1,2、XML/HTTP、RESTful HTTP 或者 CORBA。CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture公共對象請求代理體系結(jié)構(gòu),早期語言使用的WS。C,c++,C#)
Cxf是基于SOA總線結(jié)構(gòu),依靠spring完成模塊的集成,實現(xiàn)SOA方式。
靈活的部署:可以運行有Tomcat,Jboss,Jetty(內(nèi)置),weblogic上面。
CXF入門案例
我們還以昨天的天氣服務為案例來看一下CXF的開發(fā)過程。
服務端的實現(xiàn)
1.創(chuàng)建一個空的java項目,創(chuàng)建一個lib目錄,將所有jar包放入lib目錄 然后為工程引入jar包,選擇build path,然后Add JARS,只用選擇cxf-manifest.jar即可。
2.創(chuàng)建一個SEI接口,需要在接口上添加@WebService注解 @WebService public interface WeatherInterface { public String queryWeather(String cityName); }
3.創(chuàng)建SEI接口實現(xiàn)類 public class WeatherInterfaceImpl implements WeatherInterface { public String queryWeather(String cityName) { if("河南".equals(cityName)) { return "熱爆炸"; }else { return "冰雹"; } } }
4.發(fā)布服務 public class WeatherServer { public static void main(String[] args) { //創(chuàng)建服務工廠Bean JaxWsServerFactoryBean jaxWsServerFactoryBean=new JaxWsServerFactoryBean(); //設置服務接口 jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setServiceClass(WeatherInterface.class); //設置服務實現(xiàn)類 jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setServiceBean(new WeatherInterfaceImpl()); //設置服務地址 jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather"); //創(chuàng)建服務 jaxWsServerFactoryBean.create(); } }
5.訪問服務的wsdl文件地址,看服務是否發(fā)布成功 http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl
發(fā)布SOAP1.2的服務端
SOAP分為1.1版本和1.2版本。JDK1.6并不支持1.2,我們可以通過CXF來發(fā)布SOAP1.2的服務端。
只需要在接口上添加注解 @BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING)。然后重新發(fā)布服務即可
import javax.jws.WebService; import javax.xml.ws.BindingType; import javax.xml.ws.soap.SOAPBinding; @WebService @BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING) public interface WeatherInterface { public String queryWeather(String cityName); }
客戶端的實現(xiàn)
Wsdl2java命令是CXF提供的生成客戶端的工具,他和wsimport類似,可以根據(jù)WSDL生成客戶端代碼 Wsdl2java常用參數(shù): -d,指定輸出目錄 -p,指定包名,如果不指定該參數(shù),默認包名是WSDL的命名空間的倒序 Wsdl2java支持SOAP1.1和SOAP1.2
1.我們先創(chuàng)建一個客戶端項目,然后引入jar包,和上面一樣,使用Add JARS選擇cxf-manifest.jar即可 然后使用工具生成客戶端 wsdl2java -p com.cad.cxf -d . http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl
2.創(chuàng)建客戶端 public class WeatherClient { public static void main(String[] args) { JaxWsProxyFactoryBean jaxWsProxyFactoryBean=new JaxWsProxyFactoryBean(); //設置服務接口 jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.setServiceClass(WeatherInterface.class); //設置服務地址 jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather"); //獲取服務接口實例 WeatherInterface weatherInterface=(WeatherInterface) jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.create(); //調(diào)用方法 String message=weatherInterface.queryWeather("河南"); System.out.println(message); } }
CXF+Spring整合發(fā)布SOAP模式的服務
服務端的實現(xiàn)
1.創(chuàng)建WEB項目,導入jar包
2.創(chuàng)建SEI接口 @WebService @BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING) public interface WeatherInterface { public String queryWeather(String cityName); }
3.創(chuàng)建SEI實現(xiàn)類 public class WeatherInterfaceImpl implements WeatherInterface { public String queryWeather(String cityName) { if("河南".equals(cityName)) { return "熱爆炸"; }else { return "冰雹"; } } }
4.配置spring配置文件,applicationContext.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd"> <!--jaxws:server發(fā)布SOAP協(xié)議的服務 ,對JaxWsServerFactoryBean類封裝--> <!--serviceClass屬性是服務接口,address代表地址,因為我們是web服務,不需要輸入ip。serviceBean是服務實現(xiàn)類--> <jaxws:server serviceClass="com.cad.cxf.WeatherInterface" address="/weather"> <jaxws:serviceBean> <ref bean="weatherInterfaceImpl"/> </jaxws:serviceBean> </jaxws:server> <bean name="weatherInterfaceImpl" class="com.cad.cxf.WeatherInterfaceImpl"></bean> </beans>
5.配置web.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>CXFSpringDemo</display-name> //配置Tomcat啟動時加載Spring配置文件 <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> //配置CXF提供的Servlet <servlet> <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
6.部署到Tomcat下,發(fā)布服務,并訪問 http://localhost:8080/CXFSpringDemo/ws/weather?wsdl
客戶端的實現(xiàn)
1.創(chuàng)建項目,導入jar包,生成客戶端 wsdl2java -p com.cad.cxf -d . http://localhost:8080/CXFSpringDemo/ws/weather?wsdl
2.配置Spring文件 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd"> <!-- <jaxws:client實現(xiàn)客戶端 ,對JaxWsProxyFactoryBean類封裝--> <!-- address是服務地址,servicelass是服務接口,返回服務實現(xiàn)類--> <jaxws:client id="weatherClient" address="http://localhost:8080/CXFSpringDemo/ws/weather" serviceClass="com.cad.cxf.WeatherInterface"/> </beans>
3.通過Spring容器獲取服務實現(xiàn)類,調(diào)用方法 public class WeatherClient { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml"); WeatherInterface weatherInterface = (WeatherInterface) context.getBean("weatherClient"); String message=weatherInterface.queryWeather("河南"); System.out.println(message); } }
CXF發(fā)布REST模式的服務
REST即表述性狀態(tài)傳遞(英文:Representational State Transfer,簡稱REST),是一種軟件架構(gòu)風格。
因為REST模式的Web服務與復雜的SOAP和XML-RPC對比來講明顯的更加簡潔,越來越多的web服務開始采用REST風格設計和實現(xiàn)rest服務采用HTTP 做傳輸協(xié)議,REST 對于HTTP 的利用實現(xiàn)精確的資源定位。
例如: 非rest方式:http://ip:port/queryUser.action?userType=student&id=001 Rest方式:http://ip:port/user/student/query/001
1.創(chuàng)建一個項目,導入CXF jar包
2.創(chuàng)建一個實體類 Student @XmlRootElement(name="student")可以實現(xiàn)XML和對象之間的轉(zhuǎn)換,name屬性指定根元素 @XmlRootElement(name="student") public class Student { private int id; private String name; private Date birthday; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } }
3.創(chuàng)建SEI接口 @WebService //@Path("/student")就是指定訪問該接口的路徑 @Path("/Student") public interface StudentInterface { //指定請求方式,如果服務端發(fā)布的時候指定的是GET(POST),那么客戶端訪問時必須使用GET(POST @GET //指定服務數(shù)據(jù)類型,可以是XML,json等數(shù)據(jù)類型 @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) //@Path("/query/{id}")指定該方法的路徑,“{id}”指參數(shù),多個參數(shù),以“/”隔開,放到“{}”中 @Path("/query/{id}") public Student queryStudent(@PathParam("id")int id); @GET @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) @Path("/queryList/{name}") public List<Student> queryList(@PathParam("name")String name); }
4.創(chuàng)建SEI實現(xiàn)類 public class StudentInterfaceImpl implements StudentInterface { @Override public Student queryStudent(int id) { Student s=new Student(); s.setId(666); s.setName("張三"); s.setBirthday(new Date()); return s; } @Override public List<Student> queryList(String name) { Student s=new Student(); s.setId(666); s.setName("張三"); s.setBirthday(new Date()); Student s2=new Student(); s2.setId(888); s2.setName("李四"); s2.setBirthday(new Date()); List<Student> l=new ArrayList<Student>(); l.add(s); l.add(s2); return l; } }
5.發(fā)布服務 public class StudentServer { public static void main(String[] args) { JAXRSServerFactoryBean jaxrsServerFactoryBean=new JAXRSServerFactoryBean(); //設置服務實現(xiàn)類 jaxrsServerFactoryBean.setServiceBean(new StudentInterfaceImpl()); //設置資源類,如果有多個資源類,可以以“,”隔開,例如Student.class StudentInterface.class都是資源類,但是StudentInterfaceImpl里面已經(jīng)包含了Student.class StudentInterface.class,所以不用重復指定 jaxrsServerFactoryBean.setResourceClasses(StudentInterfaceImpl.class); //設置服務地址 jaxrsServerFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/Class"); //發(fā)布服務 jaxrsServerFactoryBean.create(); } }
6.測試服務 訪問query方法 http://127.0.0.1:12345/Class/Student/query/001
訪問queryList方法 http://127.0.0.1:12345/Class/Student/queryList/xxx
如果服務端發(fā)布時指定請求方式是GET(POST),客戶端必須使用GET(POST)訪問服務端,否則會報異常。
如果在同一方法上同時指定XML和JSON媒體類型,在GET請求下,默認返回XML,在POST請求下,默認返回JSON
CXF+Spring整合發(fā)布REST模式的服務
1.創(chuàng)建web項目,引入jar包
2.創(chuàng)建一個實體類 Student @XmlRootElement(name="student")可以實現(xiàn)XML和對象之間的轉(zhuǎn)換,name屬性指定根元素 @XmlRootElement(name="student") public class Student { private int id; private String name; private Date birthday; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } }
3.創(chuàng)建SEI接口 @WebService //@Path("/student")就是指定訪問該接口的路徑 @Path("/Student") public interface StudentInterface { //指定請求方式,如果服務端發(fā)布的時候指定的是GET(POST),那么客戶端訪問時必須使用GET(POST @GET //指定服務數(shù)據(jù)類型,可以是XML,json等數(shù)據(jù)類型 @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) //@Path("/query/{id}")指定該方法的路徑,“{id}”指參數(shù),多個參數(shù),以“/”隔開,放到“{}”中 @Path("/query/{id}") public Student queryStudent(@PathParam("id")int id); @GET @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) @Path("/queryList/{name}") public List<Student> queryList(@PathParam("name")String name); }
4.創(chuàng)建SEI實現(xiàn)類 public class StudentInterfaceImpl implements StudentInterface { @Override public Student queryStudent(int id) { Student s=new Student(); s.setId(666); s.setName("張三"); s.setBirthday(new Date()); return s; } @Override public List<Student> queryList(String name) { Student s=new Student(); s.setId(666); s.setName("張三"); s.setBirthday(new Date()); Student s2=new Student(); s2.setId(888); s2.setName("李四"); s2.setBirthday(new Date()); List<Student> l=new ArrayList<Student>(); l.add(s); l.add(s2); return l; } }
第五步:配置Spring配置文件,applicationContext.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd"> <!-- <jaxrs:server發(fā)布REST的服務 ,對JAXRSServerFactoryBean類封裝--> <jaxrs:server address="/user"> <jaxrs:serviceBeans> <ref bean="studentInterface"/> </jaxrs:serviceBeans> </jaxrs:server> <!-- 配置服務實現(xiàn)類 --> <bean name="studentInterface" class="com.cad.rest.StudentInterfaceImpl"/> </beans>
6.配置web.xml文件 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>ws_2_cxf_spring_server</display-name> <!-- 設置spring的環(huán)境 --> <context-param> <!--contextConfigLocation是不能修改的 --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 配置CXF的Servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
7.部署到Tomcat中,發(fā)布服務,測試一下 http://127.0.0.1:8080/CXFRestDemo/ws/user/Student/query/100
綜合案例:手機歸屬地查詢
1.創(chuàng)建web項目,導入 CXF jar包
2.生成公網(wǎng)提供的手機歸屬地查詢的客戶端 wsdl2java -p com.cad.mobile -d . http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx?wsdl
3.編寫我們自己的SEI接口 @WebService public interface MobileInterface { public String queryMobile(String phoneNum); }
4.編寫我們的SEI實現(xiàn)類 ,里面調(diào)用公網(wǎng)客戶端的查詢方法,我們在Spring配置客戶端,然后注入即可 public class MobileInterfaceImpl implements MobileInterface { //公網(wǎng)客戶端,提供set方法 以便注入 private MobileCodeWSSoap mobileClient; //調(diào)用公網(wǎng)的查詢方法 public String queryMobile(String phoneNum) { return mobileClient.getMobileCodeInfo(phoneNum, ""); } public MobileCodeWSSoap getMobileClient() { return mobileClient; } public void setMobileClient(MobileCodeWSSoap mobileClient) { this.mobileClient = mobileClient; } }
5.配置Spring 配置文件 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd"> <!-- 配置公網(wǎng)客戶端 --> <jaxws:client id="mobileClient" address="http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx" serviceClass="com.cad.mobile.MobileCodeWSSoap"/> <!-- <jaxws:server發(fā)布我們的服務--> <jaxws:server address="/mobile" serviceClass="com.cad.server.MobileInterface"> <jaxws:serviceBean> <ref bean="mobileServer"/> </jaxws:serviceBean> </jaxws:server> <!-- 配置我們的服務實現(xiàn)類 --> <bean name="mobileServer" class="com.cad.server.MobileInterfaceImpl"> <property name="mobileClient" ref="mobileClient"/> </bean> </beans>
6.創(chuàng)建查詢頁面 <body> <form action="MobileServlet" method="post"> 手機號歸屬地查詢:<input type="text" name="phoneNum"><input type="submit" value="查詢"><br> 查詢結(jié)果:${result} </form> </body>
7.創(chuàng)建處理的Servlet @WebServlet("/MobileServlet") public class MobileServlet extends HttpServlet { private MobileInterface mobileServer; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //獲取頁面的電話號 String phoneNum = request.getParameter("phoneNum"); if(null != phoneNum && !"".equals(phoneNum)){ //獲取Spring容器 ApplicationContext context = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext()); //獲取我們的服務實現(xiàn)類 mobileServer = (MobileInterface) context.getBean("mobileServer"); //調(diào)用查詢方法 String result = mobileServer.queryMobile(phoneNum); request.setAttribute("result", result); } //請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); } }
8.配置web.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"> <display-name>MobileDemo</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <context-param> <!--contextConfigLocation是不能修改的 --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 配置CXF的Servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
9.部署Tomcat,訪問測試
到此這篇關(guān)于Java WebService開源框架CXF詳解的文章就介紹到這了。希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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