利用vue3仿蘋果系統(tǒng)側(cè)邊消息提示效果實(shí)例

更新時(shí)間：2021年12月17日 12:44:10 作者：末日沙兔

這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于如何利用vue3仿蘋果系統(tǒng)側(cè)邊消息提示效果的相關(guān)資料,文中通過實(shí)例代碼以及圖文介紹的非常詳細(xì),對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)或者使用vue3具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下

動(dòng)效預(yù)覽

最近在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì), 想給畢設(shè)系統(tǒng)加上一個(gè)仿蘋果系統(tǒng)的側(cè)邊消息提示框, 讓我們先來看看效果.

其他UI庫

熟悉前端開發(fā)的同學(xué)可能發(fā)現(xiàn)了, 在 Element UI 中這個(gè)組件叫 Notification 通知; 在Bootstrap 中這個(gè)組件叫 Toasts.

開始

當(dāng)初看到這個(gè)組件就覺得很酷炫, 今天就帶大家看一下我是怎么一步一步實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 有不對(duì)或者可以優(yōu)化的地方請(qǐng)各位大佬點(diǎn)評(píng). ?? (本次組件基于 Vue3 實(shí)現(xiàn))

組件目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

Toasts

|

| -- index.js? ? ? ? ?// 注冊(cè)組件, 定義全局變量以便調(diào)用

|

| -- instance.js? ? ? // 手動(dòng)實(shí)例創(chuàng)建前后的邏輯

|?

| -- toasts.vue? ? ? ?// 消息提示 HTMl 部分

|

| -- toastsBus.js? ? ?// 解決 vue3 去除 $on和$emit 的解決方案

toasts.vue

大概的DOM結(jié)構(gòu)

<!-- 彈窗 -->
<div class="toast-container">
    <!-- icon圖標(biāo) -->
    <template>
        ...
    </template>
    <!-- 主要內(nèi)容 -->
    <div class="toast-content">
        <!-- 標(biāo)題及其倒計(jì)時(shí) -->
        <div class="toast-head">
            ...
        </div>
        <!-- body -->
        <div class="toast-body">...</div>
        <!-- 操作按鈕 -->
        <div class="toast-operate">
            ...
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 關(guān)閉 -->
    <div class="toast-close">
        <i class="fi fi-rr-cross-small"></i>
    </div>
</div>

index.js

注冊(cè)組件 & 定義全局變量

在這里我們注冊(cè)組件, 定義全局變量以便調(diào)用

import toast from './instance'
import Toast from './toasts.vue'

export default (app) => {
    // 注冊(cè)組件
    app.component(Toast.name, Toast);
    // 注冊(cè)全局變量, 后續(xù)只需調(diào)用 $Toast({}) 即可
    app.config.globalProperties.$Toast = toast;
}

instance.js

手動(dòng)掛載實(shí)例

?????? 這里是全文的重點(diǎn) ??????

首先我們學(xué)習(xí)如何將組件手動(dòng)掛載至頁面

import { createApp } from 'vue';
import Toasts from './toasts'

const toasts = (options) => {
    // 創(chuàng)建父容器
    let root = document.createElement('div');
    document.body.appendChild(root)
    // 創(chuàng)建Toasts實(shí)例
    let ToastsConstructor = createApp(Toasts, options)
    // 掛載父親元素
    let instance = ToastsConstructor.mount(root)
    // 拋出實(shí)例本身給vue
    return instance
}
export default toasts;

給每一個(gè)創(chuàng)建的 toasts 正確的定位

如圖所示, 每創(chuàng)建一個(gè) toasts 將會(huì)排列到上一個(gè) toasts 的下方(這里的間隙為16px). 想要做到這種效果我們需要知道已存在的toasts 的高度.

// instance.js

// 這里我們需要定義一個(gè)數(shù)組來存放當(dāng)前存活的 toasts
let instances = []

const toasts = (options) => {
    ...
    // 創(chuàng)建后將實(shí)例加入數(shù)組
    instances.push(instance)
    
    // 重制高度
    let verticalOffset = 0
    // 遍歷獲取當(dāng)前已存活的 toasts 高度及其間隙 累加
    instances.forEach(item => {
        verticalOffset += item.$el.offsetHeight + 16
    })
    // 累加本身需要的間隙
    verticalOffset += 16
    // 賦值當(dāng)前實(shí)例y軸方向便宜長度
    instance.toastPosition.y = verticalOffset
    ...
}
export default toasts;

加入主動(dòng)&定時(shí) 關(guān)閉功能

讓我們先來分析一下這里的業(yè)務(wù):

定時(shí)關(guān)閉: 在 toast 創(chuàng)建時(shí)給一個(gè)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉時(shí)間, 當(dāng)計(jì)時(shí)器結(jié)束后自動(dòng)關(guān)閉.
主動(dòng)關(guān)閉: 點(diǎn)擊關(guān)閉按鈕關(guān)閉 toast.

在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上我們可以加上一些人性化的操作, 例如鼠標(biāo)移入某個(gè) toast 時(shí)停止它的自動(dòng)關(guān)閉(其他 toast 不受影響), 當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)移開時(shí)重新啟用它的自動(dòng)關(guān)閉.

<!-- toasts.vue -->
<template>
    <transition name="toast" @after-leave="afterLeave" @after-enter="afterEnter">
        <div ref="container" class="toast-container" :style="toastStyle" v-show="visible" @mouseenter="clearTimer" @mouseleave="createTimer">
            ...
            <!-- 關(guān)閉 -->
            <div class="toast-close"  @click="destruction">
                <i class="fi fi-rr-cross-small"></i>
            </div>
        </div>
    </transition>
</template>

<script>
import Bus from './toastsBus'
import {ref, computed, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount} from 'vue'
export default {
    props: {
        // 自動(dòng)關(guān)閉時(shí)間 (單位毫秒)
        autoClose: {
            type: Number,
            default: 4500
        }
    },
    setup(props){
        // 是否顯示
        const visible = ref(false);  
        
        // toast容器實(shí)例
        const container = ref(null);
        // toast本身高度
        const height = ref(0);
        
        // toast位置
        const toastPosition = ref({
            x: 16,
            y: 16
        })
        const toastStyle = computed(()=>{
            return {
                top: `${toastPosition.value.y}px`,
                right: `${toastPosition.value.x}px`,
            }
        })
        
        // toast的id
        const id = ref('')
        
        // toast離開動(dòng)畫結(jié)束后
        function afterLeave(){
            // 告訴 instance.js 需要進(jìn)行關(guān)閉操作 ()
            Bus.$emit('closed',id.value);
        }
        // toast進(jìn)入動(dòng)畫結(jié)束后
        function afterEnter(){
            height.value = container.value.offsetHeight
        }

        // 定時(shí)器
        const timer = ref(null);

        // 鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入toast
        function clearTimer(){
             if(timer.value)
                clearTimeout(timer.value)
        }
        // 鼠標(biāo)移出toast
        function createTimer(){
           if(props.autoClose){
                timer.value = setTimeout(() => {
                    visible.value = false
                }, props.autoClose)
            }
        }

        // 銷毀
        function destruction(){
            visible.value = false
        }
        
        onMounted(()=>{
            createTimer();
        })

        onBeforeUnmount(()=>{
            if(timer.value)
                clearTimeout(timer.value)
        })
        
        
        return {
            visible,
            container,
            height,
            toastPosition,
            toastStyle,
            id,
            afterLeave,
            afterEnter,
            timer,
            clearTimer,
            createTimer,
            destruction
        }
    }
}
</script>

我們來分析一下 instance.js 中 toast 關(guān)閉時(shí)的邏輯

將此 toast 從存活數(shù)組中刪除, 并且遍歷數(shù)組將從此條開始后面的 toast 位置向上位移.
從 <body> 中刪除Dom元素.
調(diào)用 unmount() 銷毀實(shí)例.

// instance.js
import { createApp } from 'vue';
import Toasts from './toasts'
import Bus from './toastsBus'

let instances = []
let seed = 1

const toasts = (options) => {
    // 手動(dòng)掛載實(shí)例
    let ToastsConstructor = createApp(Toasts, options)
    let instance = ToastsConstructor.mount(root)
    // 給實(shí)例加入唯一標(biāo)識(shí)符
    instance.id = id
    // 顯示實(shí)例
    instance.visible = true
    
    ...
    
    // 監(jiān)聽 toasts.vue 傳來關(guān)閉事件
    Bus.$on('closed', (id) => {
        // 因?yàn)檫@里會(huì)監(jiān)聽到所有的 ‘closed' 事件, 所以要匹配 id 確保
        if (instance.id == id) {
            // 調(diào)用刪除邏輯
            removeInstance(instance)
            // 在 <body> 上刪除dom元素
            document.body.removeChild(root)
            // 銷毀實(shí)例
            ToastsConstructor.unmount();
        }
    })
    
    instances.push(instance)
    return instance
}

export default toasts;

// 刪除邏輯
const removeInstance = (instance) => {
    if (!instance) return
    let len = instances.length
    // 找出當(dāng)前需要銷毀的下標(biāo)
    const index = instances.findIndex(item => {
        return item.id === instance.id
    })
    // 從數(shù)組中刪除
    instances.splice(index, 1)
    // 如果當(dāng)前數(shù)組中還存在存活 Toasts, 需要遍歷將下面的Toasts上移, 重新計(jì)算位移
    if (len <= 1) return
    // 獲取被刪除實(shí)例的高度
    const h = instance.height
    // 遍歷被刪除實(shí)例以后下標(biāo)的 Toasts
    for (let i = index; i < len - 1; i++) {
        // 公式: 存活的實(shí)例將本身的 y 軸偏移量減去被刪除高度及其間隙高度
        instances[i].toastPosition.y = parseInt(instances[i].toastPosition.y - h - 16)
    }
}

完整代碼

index.js

import toast from './instance'
import Toast from './toasts.vue'

export default (app) => {
    app.component(Toast.name, Toast);
    app.config.globalProperties.$Toast = toast;
}

toastsBus.js

import emitter from 'tiny-emitter/instance'

export default {
    $on: (...args) => emitter.on(...args),
    $once: (...args) => emitter.once(...args),
    $off: (...args) => emitter.off(...args),
    $emit: (...args) => emitter.emit(...args)
}

instance.js

import { createApp } from 'vue';
import Toasts from './toasts'
import Bus from './toastsBus'

let instances = []
let seed = 1

const toasts = (options) => {
    // 創(chuàng)建父容器
    const id = `toasts_${seed++}`
    let root = document.createElement('div');
    root.setAttribute('data-id', id)
    document.body.appendChild(root)
    let ToastsConstructor = createApp(Toasts, options)
    let instance = ToastsConstructor.mount(root)
    instance.id = id
    instance.visible = true
        // 重制高度
    let verticalOffset = 0
    instances.forEach(item => {
        verticalOffset += item.$el.offsetHeight + 16
    })
    verticalOffset += 16

    instance.toastPosition.y = verticalOffset

    Bus.$on('closed', (id) => {
        if (instance.id == id) {
            removeInstance(instance)
            document.body.removeChild(root)
            ToastsConstructor.unmount();
        }
    })
    instances.push(instance)
    return instance
}

export default toasts;

const removeInstance = (instance) => {
    if (!instance) return
    let len = instances.length
    const index = instances.findIndex(item => {
        return item.id === instance.id
    })
    instances.splice(index, 1)
    if (len <= 1) return
    const h = instance.height
    for (let i = index; i < len - 1; i++) {
        instances[i].toastPosition.y = parseInt(instances[i].toastPosition.y - h - 16)
    }
}

toast.vue

加入億點(diǎn)點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié), 例如icon可以自定義或者是圖片, 可以取消關(guān)閉按鈕, 設(shè)置自動(dòng)關(guān)閉時(shí)長, 或者停用自動(dòng)關(guān)閉功能.

<template>
<transition name="toast" @after-leave="afterLeave" @after-enter="afterEnter">
  <!-- 彈窗 -->
  <div ref="container" class="toast-container" :style="toastStyle" v-show="visible" @mouseenter="clearTimer" @mouseleave="createTimer">
    <!-- icon -->
    <template v-if="type || type != 'custom' || type != 'img'">
        <div class="toast-icon success" v-if="type==='success'">
            <i class="fi fi-br-check"></i>
        </div>
        <div class="toast-icon warning" v-if="type==='warning'">
            ?
        </div>
        <div class="toast-icon info" v-if="type==='info'">
            <i class="fi fi-sr-bell-ring"></i>
        </div>
        <div class="toast-icon error" v-if="type==='error'">
            <i class="fi fi-br-cross-small"></i>
        </div>
    </template>
    <div :style="{'backgroundColor': customIconBackground}" class="toast-icon" v-if="type==='custom'" v-html="customIcon"></div>
    <img class="toast-custom-img" :src="customImg" v-if="type==='img'"/>
    <!-- content -->
    <div class="toast-content">
        <!-- head -->
        <div class="toast-head" v-if="title">
            <!-- title -->
            <span class="toast-title">{{title}}</span>
            <!-- time -->
            <span class="toast-countdown">{{countDown}}</span>
        </div>
        <!-- body -->
        <div class="toast-body" v-if="message" v-html="message"></div>
        <!-- operate -->
        <div class="toast-operate">
            <a class="toast-button-confirm" 
               :class="[{'success':type==='success'},
                        {'warning':type==='warning'},
                        {'info':type==='info'},
                        {'error':type==='error'}]">{{confirmText}}</a>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 關(guān)閉 -->
    <div v-if="closeIcon" class="toast-close"  @click="destruction">
        <i class="fi fi-rr-cross-small"></i>
    </div>
  </div>
  </transition>
</template>

<script>
import Bus from './toastsBus'
import {ref, computed, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount} from 'vue'
export default {
    props: {
        title: String,
        closeIcon: {
            type: Boolean,
            default: true
        },
        message: String,
        type: {
            type: String,
            validator: function(val) {
                return ['success', 'warning', 'info', 'error', 'custom', 'img'].includes(val);
            }
        },
        confirmText: String,
        customIcon: String,
        customIconBackground: String,
        customImg: String,
        autoClose: {
            type: Number,
            default: 4500
        }
    },
    setup(props){
        // 顯示
        const visible = ref(false);

        // 容器實(shí)例
        const container = ref(null);

        // 高度
        const height = ref(0);

        // 位置
        const toastPosition = ref({
            x: 16,
            y: 16
        })
        const toastStyle = computed(()=>{
            return {
                top: `${toastPosition.value.y}px`,
                right: `${toastPosition.value.x}px`,
            }
        })

        // 倒計(jì)時(shí)
        const countDown = computed(()=>{
            return '2 seconds ago'
        })

        const id = ref('')

        // 離開以后
        function afterLeave(){
            Bus.$emit('closed',id.value);
        }
        // 進(jìn)入以后
        function afterEnter(){
            height.value = container.value.offsetHeight
        }

        // 定時(shí)器
        const timer = ref(null);

        // 鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入
        function clearTimer(){
             if(timer.value)
                clearTimeout(timer.value)
        }
        // 鼠標(biāo)移出
        function createTimer(){
           if(props.autoClose){
                timer.value = setTimeout(() => {
                    visible.value = false
                }, props.autoClose)
            }
        }

        // 銷毀
        function destruction(){
            visible.value = false
        }

        onMounted(()=>{
            createTimer();
        })

        onBeforeUnmount(()=>{
            if(timer.value)
                clearTimeout(timer.value)
        })

        return {
            visible,
            toastPosition,
            toastStyle,
            countDown,
            afterLeave,
            afterEnter,
            clearTimer,
            createTimer,
            timer,
            destruction,
            container,
            height,
            id
        }
    }
}
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
// 外部容器
.toast-container{
    width: 330px;
    box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 2px 12px 0px;
    background-color: rgba(#F7F7F7, .6);
    border: 1px solid #E5E5E5;
    padding: 14px 13px;
    z-index: 1001;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    border-radius: 10px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(15px);
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    transition: all .3s ease;
    will-change: top,left;
}
// -------------- icon --------------
.toast-icon, .toast-close{
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.toast-icon{
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    border-radius: 100%;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}
// 正確
.toast-icon.success{
    background-color: rgba(#2BB44A, .15);
    color: #2BB44A;
}
// 異常
.toast-icon.warning{
    background-color: rgba(#ffcc00, .15);
    color: #F89E23;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 18px;
}
// 錯(cuò)誤
.toast-icon.error{
    font-size: 18px;
    background-color: rgba(#EB2833, .1);
    color: #EB2833;
}
// 信息
.toast-icon.info{
    background-color: rgba(#3E71F3, .1);
    color: #3E71F3;
}
// 自定義圖片
.toast-custom-img{
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
// ------------- content -----------
.toast-content{
    padding: 0 8px 0 13px;
    flex: 1;
}
// -------------- head --------------
.toast-head{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
// title
.toast-title{
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 24px;
    color: #191919;
    font-weight: 600;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
// time
.toast-countdown{
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #929292;
    line-height: 18.375px;
}
// --------------- body -----------
.toast-body{
    color: #191919;
    line-height: 21px;
    padding-top: 5px;
}
// ---------- close -------
.toast-close{
    padding: 3px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 18px;
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}
.toast-close:hover{
    background-color: rgba(#E4E4E4, .5);
}
// --------- operate ----------
.toast-button-confirm{
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #3E71F3;
}
.toast-button-confirm:hover{
    color: #345ec9;
}
// 成功
.toast-button-confirm.success{
    color: #2BB44A;
}
.toast-button-confirm.success:hover{
    color: #218a3a;
}
// 異常
.toast-button-confirm.warning{
    color: #F89E23;
}
.toast-button-confirm.warning:hover{
    color: #df8f1f;
}
// 信息
.toast-button-confirm.info{
    color: #3E71F3;
}
.toast-button-confirm.info:hover{
    color: #345ec9;
}
// 錯(cuò)誤
.toast-button-confirm.error{
    color: #EB2833;
}
.toast-button-confirm.error:hover{
    color: #c9101a;
}


/*動(dòng)畫*/
.toast-enter-from,
.toast-leave-to{
  transform: translateX(120%);
}
.v-leave-from,
.toast-enter-to{
  transform: translateX(00%);
}
</style>

main.js

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'

const app = createApp(App)

import '@/assets/font/UIcons/font.css'

// 安裝toasts
import toasts from './components/toasts'

app.use(toasts).mount('#app')

使用

<template>
    <button @click="clickHandle">發(fā)送</button>
</template>

<script>
import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'
export default {
  setup(){
    const instance = getCurrentInstance()
    function clickHandle(){
      // 這里調(diào)用 vue3 的全局變量時(shí)比較羞恥, 不知道各位大佬有沒有其他好辦法
      instance.appContext.config.globalProperties.$Toast({
        type: 'info',
        title: '這是一句標(biāo)題',
        message: '本文就是梳理mount函數(shù)的主要邏輯，旨在理清基本的處理流程（Vue 3.1.1版本）。'
      })
    }
    return {
      clickHandle
    }
  }
}
</script>

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