初學Android之網(wǎng)絡封裝實例

更新時間：2021年12月27日 10:27:24 作者：笨小孩的幸福

大家好，本篇文章主要講的是初學Android之網(wǎng)絡封裝實例，感興趣的同學趕快來看一看吧，對你有幫助的話記得收藏一下，方便下次瀏覽

前言：

模擬用戶登錄，從安卓發(fā)送請求到服務端校驗，再從服務端返回給安卓校驗結(jié)果

1.在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加網(wǎng)絡權限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

?所放位置如圖所示：

?2.添加依賴，在app模塊下的build.gradle中添加okhttp和json的依賴

implementation group: 'com.squareup.okhttp3', name: 'okhttp', version: '4.9.0'
implementation 'com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.10'

?添加位置如圖所示，添加之后點擊進行編譯引入。

?3.封裝一個實體類，用于接收請求后的響應信息。（響應，包括響應碼code和響應體body）

public class ResponseBody {
    private String code;//響應碼
    private Object result;//響應體
    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public void setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
    public Object getResult() {
        return result;
    }
    public void setResult(Object result) {
        this.result = result;
    }
}

4.封裝一個實體類（User）

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String phone;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }
    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
}

?5.定義OkHttp工具，包括get，post兩種請求方式

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import okhttp3.Cookie;
import okhttp3.CookieJar;
import okhttp3.FormBody;
import okhttp3.HttpUrl;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
 
public class OkHttpUtils {
    private static final String BASE_URL = "http://192.168.10.104:8080/"; //地址
    private static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    private static ResponseBody responseBody;
/**
因為OkHttp自帶cookie效果，在構造方法中進行初始化，使其生效
*/
    public OkHttpUtils(){
        final Map<String, List<Cookie>> cookieStore=new HashMap<>();
        client=new OkHttpClient.Builder().cookieJar(new CookieJar() {
            @Override
            public void saveFromResponse(@NonNull HttpUrl httpUrl, @NonNull List<Cookie> list) {
                cookieStore.put(httpUrl.host(),list);
            }
            @NonNull
            @Override
            public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(@NonNull HttpUrl httpUrl) {
                List<Cookie> cookies=cookieStore.get(httpUrl.host());
                return cookies==null?new ArrayList<>():cookies;
            }
        }).build();
    }
    /**
     * get請求，這里沒加線程控制，如果有需要可以加一下
     */
    public static ResponseBody get(String url) {
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(getAbsoluteUrl(url)).build();
        Response response = null;
        try {
            response = client.newCall(request).execute();
            responseBody= dealResponse(response.body().string());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return responseBody;
    }
    /**
     * post請求，參數(shù)是通過map鍵值對形式傳遞過來的
     */
    public static  ResponseBody  post(String url, Map<String,Object> value) {
        FormBody formBody=dealFormBody(value);
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(getAbsoluteUrl(url)).post(formBody).build();
        Response response;
        try {
                response = client.newCall(request).execute();
            responseBody= dealResponse(response.body().string());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return responseBody;
    }
/**
將請求返回結(jié)果封裝到ResponseBody 
*/
    public static ResponseBody dealResponse(String result){
        ResponseBody responseBody=new ResponseBody();
            JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
            responseBody.setCode(json.get("code")+"");
            responseBody.setResult(json.get("data"));
            return responseBody;
    }
/*
處理請求參數(shù)
*/
    public static FormBody dealFormBody(Map<String, Object> maps){
        FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
        Set<String> keySet=maps.keySet();
        for(Iterator<String> iterator = keySet.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();)
        {
            String key=iterator.next();
            builder.add(key, maps.get(key)+"");
        }
        return builder.build();
    }
/*
將url拼接起來，封裝成完整url
*/
    private static String getAbsoluteUrl(String relativeUrl) {
        return BASE_URL + relativeUrl;
    }
}

6.定義好之后，測試訪問

我在MainActivity中添加按鈕進行的測試，具體界面就不一一介紹了，測試代碼如下：

 
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button login= findViewById(R.id.login);
//為界面上的按鈕設置監(jiān)聽事件，點擊就會調(diào)用下面的test方法
        login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                test();
            }
        });
    }
/*
*/
    public void test(){
        new Thread(()-> {
            String url="user/info/getUser";
            Map<String,Object> maps=new HashMap<>();
//將請求參數(shù)添加到map中
            maps.put("username","zhangsan");
            maps.put("password","123456");
            ResponseBody result=OkHttpUtils.post(url,maps);//傳url參數(shù)和map
            System.out.println(result.getCode());
            User user= dealJsonToObject(result);
            System.out.println(result.getResult());
            System.out.println(user.getPhone());
        }).start();
    }
   //處理json到實體類
public User dealJsonToObject(ResponseBody result){
    JSONArray arr= (JSONArray) JSONArray.parse(result.getResult().toString());
    JSONObject jsonObject = arr.getJSONObject(0);
    User user = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject,User.class);
        return user;
}
}

7.服務器是由java編寫