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SpringMVC實現(xiàn)文件上傳下載的全過程

更新時間：2022年01月04日 11:40:36 作者：呆萌小新@淵潔

對于上傳功能,我們在項目中是經(jīng)常會用到的,比如用戶注冊的時候,上傳用戶頭像,這個時候就會使用到上傳的功能,而對于下載使用場景也很常見,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于SpringMVC實現(xiàn)文件上傳下載的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下

前言

文件的上傳和下載都是基于io復(fù)制,只不過

文件上傳是瀏覽器向服務(wù)器發(fā)送報文

文件下載是服務(wù)器向瀏覽器發(fā)送報文

提示：以下是本篇文章正文內(nèi)容，下面案例可供參考

一、通用配置

pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringMVC -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.13</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- ServletAPI -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        springMVC end-->

        <!--    導(dǎo)入spring坐標(biāo)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.11</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        導(dǎo)入測試坐標(biāo)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--    測試坐標(biāo)-->
<!--        導(dǎo)入集成測試坐標(biāo)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        集成測試坐標(biāo)end-->
        <!--        導(dǎo)入mysql坐標(biāo)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.24</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        mysql坐標(biāo)end-->
        <!--        導(dǎo)入druid連接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        導(dǎo)入druid連接池end-->
        <!--        導(dǎo)入spring上下文-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        導(dǎo)入spring上下文end-->
<!--        導(dǎo)入spring web開發(fā)api start-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        導(dǎo)入spring web開發(fā)end-->
<!--        導(dǎo)入jackson的依賴-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.12.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--上傳功能的關(guān)鍵jar -->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

上傳功能的關(guān)鍵jar

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置springMVC的編碼過濾器-->
    <!--    SpringMVC中處理編碼的過濾器一定要配置到其他過濾器之前，否則無效-->
    <!-- 字符集過濾器 -->
    <filter>
        <description>字符集過濾器</description>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <description>字符集編碼</description>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <!-- 字符集攔截 -->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>


    <filter>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!--    注冊前端控制器DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

springMVC.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--    掃描組件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.vector"/>

    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf視圖解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">

            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">

                        <!-- 視圖前綴 -->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>

                        <!-- 視圖后綴 -->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 處理響應(yīng)中文內(nèi)容亂碼 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
        <property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8" />
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
            <list>
                <value>text/html</value>
                <value>application/json</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>
    <mvc:view-controller path="/file" view-name="file"/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--必須通過文件解析器的解析才能將文件轉(zhuǎn)換為MultipartFile對象-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>
</beans>

實現(xiàn)頁面跳轉(zhuǎn),vue文件解析,上傳內(nèi)容解析的關(guān)鍵

file.html內(nèi)容demo

<body>
<a th:href="@{/testDown}" rel="external nofollow" >下載1.jpg</a>
<form th:action="@{/testUp}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    頭像: <input type="file" name="photo"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="上傳">
</form>
</body>

二、實現(xiàn)文件下載,上傳功能

package com.vector.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.UUID;

@Controller
public class FileUpAndDownController {

    @RequestMapping("/testDown")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {
        //獲取ServletContext對象
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        //獲取服務(wù)器中文件的真實路徑
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");
        //創(chuàng)建輸入流
        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //創(chuàng)建字節(jié)數(shù)組
        byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
        //將流讀到字節(jié)數(shù)組中
        is.read(bytes);
        //創(chuàng)建HttpHeaders對象設(shè)置響應(yīng)頭信息
        MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();
        //設(shè)置要下載方式以及下載文件的名字
        //Content-Disposition 固定回復(fù)內(nèi)容格式  attachment以附件形式下載  filename=1.jpg文件名
        //可以將filename拼接為動態(tài)命名
        headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");
        //設(shè)置響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼
        HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;
        //創(chuàng)建ResponseEntity對象
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);
        //關(guān)閉輸入流
        is.close();
        return responseEntity;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/testUp")
    public String testUp(@Value("multipartResolver") MultipartFile photo,HttpSession session) throws IOException {
        //獲取上傳的文件的文件名
        String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();
        //處理文件重名問題
        //重名問題是java.io中寫入同一文件默認(rèn)覆蓋原文件內(nèi)容導(dǎo)致圖片被覆蓋.
        //獲取文件名后綴
        String suffixName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
        //將UUID作為文件名  uuid是32位隨機(jī)數(shù),幾乎不可能會重復(fù)
        fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + suffixName;
        //獲取服務(wù)器中photo目錄的路徑
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");
        File file = new File(photoPath);
        //判斷服務(wù)器是否存在該路徑
        if(!file.exists()){
            file.mkdir();
        }
        String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;
        //實現(xiàn)上傳功能
        photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));
        return "success";
    }
}

下載功能測試