//根據(jù)時(shí)間進(jìn)行優(yōu)先排序的隊(duì)列    
private final TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();

//消費(fèi)線程，對(duì)queue中的定時(shí)任務(wù)進(jìn)行編排和執(zhí)行
private final TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);

//構(gòu)造函數(shù)
public Timer(String name) {
        thread.setName(name);
        thread.start();
}

//在當(dāng)前時(shí)間往后delay個(gè)毫秒開(kāi)始執(zhí)行
public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay) {...}
//在指定的time時(shí)間點(diǎn)執(zhí)行
public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date time) {...}

//從當(dāng)前時(shí)間開(kāi)始delay個(gè)毫秒數(shù)開(kāi)始定期執(zhí)行，周期是period個(gè)毫秒數(shù)
public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay, long period) {...}
////從指定的firstTime開(kāi)始定期執(zhí)行，往后每次執(zhí)行的周期是period個(gè)毫秒數(shù)
public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period){...}

public static void main(String[] args) {
        TimerTask task1 = new DemoTimerTask("Task1");
        TimerTask task2 = new DemoTimerTask("Task2");
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        timer.schedule(task1, 1000, 5000);
        timer.schedule(task2, 1000, 5000);
}
    
static class DemoTimerTask extends TimerTask {
        private String taskName;
        private DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss---");
        
        public DemoTimerTask(String taskName) {
            this.taskName = taskName;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + taskName + " is working.");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + taskName + " finished work.");
        }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
        TimerTask task1 = new DemoTimerTask("Task1");
        TimerTask task2 = new DemoTimerTask("Task2");
        
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task1, 1000, 5000);
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, 1000, 5000);
}
    
static class DemoTimerTask extends TimerTask {
        private String taskName;
        private DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss---");
        
        public DemoTimerTask(String taskName) {
            this.taskName = taskName;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + taskName + " is working.");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + taskName + " finished work.");
        }
}

private void mainLoop() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                TimerTask task;
                boolean taskFired;
                synchronized(queue) {
                    // 如果queue里面沒(méi)有要執(zhí)行的任務(wù)，則掛起TimerThread線程
                    while (queue.isEmpty() && newTasksMayBeScheduled)
                        queue.wait();
                    // 如果TimerThread被激活，queue里面還是沒(méi)有任務(wù)，則介紹該線程的無(wú)限循環(huán)，不再接受新任務(wù)
                    if (queue.isEmpty())
                        break; 

                    long currentTime, executionTime;
                    // 獲取queue隊(duì)列里面下一個(gè)要執(zhí)行的任務(wù)（根據(jù)時(shí)間排序，也就是接下來(lái)最近要執(zhí)行的任務(wù)）
                    task = queue.getMin();
                    synchronized(task.lock) {
                        if (task.state == TimerTask.CANCELLED) {
                            queue.removeMin();
                            continue;  // No action required, poll queue again
                        }
                        currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        executionTime = task.nextExecutionTime;
                        // taskFired表示是否需要立刻執(zhí)行線程，當(dāng)task的下次執(zhí)行時(shí)間到達(dá)當(dāng)前時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)為true
                        if (taskFired = (executionTime<=currentTime)) {
                            //task.period==0表示這個(gè)任務(wù)只需要執(zhí)行一次，這里就從queue里面刪掉了
                            if (task.period == 0) { 
                                queue.removeMin();
                                task.state = TimerTask.EXECUTED;
                            } else { // Repeating task, reschedule
                                //針對(duì)task.period不等于0的任務(wù)，則計(jì)算它的下次執(zhí)行時(shí)間點(diǎn)
                                //task.period<0表示是fixed delay模式的任務(wù)
                                //task.period>0表示是fixed rate模式的任務(wù)
                                queue.rescheduleMin(
                                  task.period<0 ? currentTime   - task.period
                                                : executionTime + task.period);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // 如果任務(wù)的下次執(zhí)行時(shí)間還沒(méi)有到達(dá)，則掛起TimerThread線程executionTime - currentTime毫秒數(shù)，到達(dá)執(zhí)行時(shí)間點(diǎn)再自動(dòng)激活
                    if (!taskFired) 
                        queue.wait(executionTime - currentTime);
                }
                // 如果任務(wù)的下次執(zhí)行時(shí)間到了，則執(zhí)行任務(wù)
                // 注意：這里任務(wù)執(zhí)行沒(méi)有另起線程，還是在TimerThread線程執(zhí)行的，所以當(dāng)有任務(wù)在同時(shí)執(zhí)行時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)阻塞
                if (taskFired)  
                    // 這里沒(méi)有try catch異常，當(dāng)TimerTask拋出異常會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)TimerThread跳出循環(huán)，從而導(dǎo)致Timer失效
                    task.run();
            } catch(InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
}