C#網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程中常用特性介紹
特性一:委托
委托是C#語言中特有的概念,相當于C/C++中的函數(shù)指針,與C/C++中函數(shù)指針的不同之處是:委托是面向?qū)ο蟮?、類型安全的和保險的,是引用類型。因此,對委托的使用要
“先定義、后聲明,接著實例化、然后作為參數(shù)傳遞給方法,最后才能使用”。
1、定義委托使用關(guān)鍵字delegate:
delegate void SomeDelegate(type1 para1,......typen paran);
2、聲明委托:
SomeDelegate d;
3、實例化委托:
d=new SomeDelegate(obj.InstanceMethod);
其中obj是對象,InstanceMethod是它的實例方法。
4、作為參數(shù)傳遞給方法
someMethod(d);
5、最后在此方法的實現(xiàn)代碼中使用委托
private? void? someMethod(SomeDelegate? someDelegate)
{
?? .....
?? //使用委托
? someDelegate(arg1,arg2,....,argn);
? ......?
}通過委托SomeDelegate實現(xiàn)對方法InstanceMethod的調(diào)用,調(diào)用還必須有一個前提條件:方法InstanceMethod有參數(shù)且和定義SomeDelegate的參數(shù)一致,并且返回類型相同(本例中為void)。方法InstanceMethod的定義:
private? void? InstanceMethod(type1 para1,type2 para2,......,typen paran)
{
?? //方法體
? .....
}委托的實例化中的參數(shù)既可以是實例方法,也可以是靜態(tài)方法。
使用委托實現(xiàn)“文字抄寫員”的小程序,界面如下:
在下方文本框中編輯文字,勾選“書寫到”組框中的“文本區(qū)1”和(或)“文本區(qū)2”復選框后單擊“提交”按鈕,程序會自動將文本框中的文字“抄寫”到對應的用戶勾選的文本區(qū)中去。

代碼實現(xiàn)如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace DelegateDemo
{
public partial class FrmMain : Form
{
public FrmMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//1、定義委托
private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);
//2、聲明委托
private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;
/// <summary>
/// 提交
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (chbOne.Checked)
{
gbJobOne.Text = "運行中......";
gbJobOne.Refresh();
txtJobOne.Clear();
//3、實例化委托
writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);
//4、將委托作為方法的參數(shù)進行傳遞
WriteText(writeToTextBox);
gbJobOne.Text = "任務(wù)1完成";
}
if (chbTwo.Checked)
{
gbJobTwo.Text = "運行中......";
gbJobTwo.Refresh();
txtJobTwo.Clear();
//3、實例化委托
writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);
//4、將委托作為方法的參數(shù)進行傳遞
WriteText(writeToTextBox);
gbJobTwo.Text = "任務(wù)2完成";
}
}
private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)
{
string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;
writeMethod(strData);
}
private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)
{
this.txtJobOne.Text = strTxt;
}
private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)
{
this.txtJobTwo.Text = strTxt;
}
/// <summary>
/// 窗體加載事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//設(shè)置文本框獲取焦點
this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;
//this.txt_Input.Focus();
}
}
}特性2:多線程
多線程的具體介紹請參考博文:http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/238731.htm
使用多線程實現(xiàn)上一節(jié)的程序,代碼如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;//引入多線程的命名空間
namespace DelegateDemo
{
public partial class FrmMain : Form
{
public FrmMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//1、定義委托
private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);
//2、聲明委托
private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;
/// <summary>
/// 提交
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//創(chuàng)建線程1
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk1));
//啟動線程1
thread1.Start();
//創(chuàng)建線程2
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk2));
//啟動線程2
thread2.Start();
}
private void ExecuteTsk1()
{
if (chbOne.Checked)
{
gbJobOne.Text = "運行中......";
gbJobOne.Refresh();
txtJobOne.Clear();
//3、實例化委托
writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);
//4、將委托作為方法的參數(shù)進行傳遞
WriteText(writeToTextBox);
gbJobOne.Text = "任務(wù)1完成";
}
}
private void ExecuteTsk2()
{
if (chbTwo.Checked)
{
gbJobTwo.Text = "運行中......";
gbJobTwo.Refresh();
txtJobTwo.Clear();
//3、實例化委托
writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);
//4、將委托作為方法的參數(shù)進行傳遞
WriteText(writeToTextBox);
gbJobTwo.Text = "任務(wù)2完成";
}
}
private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)
{
string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;
writeMethod(strData);
}
private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)
{
this.txtJobOne.Text = strTxt;
}
private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)
{
this.txtJobTwo.Text = strTxt;
}
/// <summary>
/// 窗體加載事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//設(shè)置文本框獲取焦點
this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;
//允許跨線程調(diào)用
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
}
}
}特性3:C#方法回調(diào)
C#回調(diào)的具體介紹請參照博文:http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/238731.htm#_label3
使用委托、多線程和C#的方法回調(diào)機制實現(xiàn)上一節(jié)的程序,代碼如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;//引入多線程的命名空間
namespace DelegateDemo
{
public partial class FrmMain : Form
{
public FrmMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//1、定義委托
private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);
//2、聲明委托
private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;
//定義并聲明操作文本區(qū)1的回調(diào)
private delegate void WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(string strValue);
WriteTxtJobOneCallBack writeTxtJobOneCallBack;
//定義并聲明操作文本區(qū)2的回調(diào)
private delegate void WriteTxtJobTwoCallBack(string strValue);
WriteTxtJobOneCallBack writeTxtJobTwoCallBack;
//定義并聲明操作"任務(wù)1"分組框的回調(diào)
private delegate void ShowGroupOneCallBack(string strValue);
ShowGroupOneCallBack showGroupOneCallBack;
//定義并聲明操作"任務(wù)2"分組框的回調(diào)
private delegate void ShowGroupTwoCallBack(string strValue);
ShowGroupOneCallBack showGroupTwoCallBack;
/// <summary>
/// 提交
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//創(chuàng)建線程1
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk1));
//啟動線程1
thread1.Start();
//創(chuàng)建線程2
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk2));
//啟動線程2
thread2.Start();
}
private void ExecuteTsk1()
{
if (chbOne.Checked)
{
//3、實例化委托
writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);
//4、將委托作為方法的參數(shù)進行傳遞
WriteText(writeToTextBox);
//使用回調(diào)
this.gbJobOne.Invoke(showGroupOneCallBack, "任務(wù)1");
}
}
private void ExecuteTsk2()
{
if (chbTwo.Checked)
{
//3、實例化委托
writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);
//4、將委托作為方法的參數(shù)進行傳遞
WriteText(writeToTextBox);
//使用回調(diào)
this.gbJobTwo.Invoke(showGroupTwoCallBack, "任務(wù)2");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 執(zhí)行自定義委托
/// </summary>
/// <param name="writeMethod"></param>
private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)
{
string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;
writeMethod(strData);
}
/// <summary>
/// 給文本區(qū)1賦值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strTxt"></param>
private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)
{
//使用回調(diào)
this.txtJobOne.Invoke(writeTxtJobOneCallBack, strTxt);
}
/// <summary>
/// 給文本區(qū)2賦值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strTxt"></param>
private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)
{
//使用回調(diào)
this.txtJobTwo.Invoke(writeTxtJobTwoCallBack, strTxt);
}
/// <summary>
/// 窗體加載事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//設(shè)置文本框獲取焦點
this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;
//實例化回調(diào)
writeTxtJobOneCallBack = new WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(WriteToTextJobOne);
writeTxtJobTwoCallBack = new WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(WriteToTextJobTwo);
showGroupOneCallBack = new ShowGroupOneCallBack(ShowGroupOne);
showGroupTwoCallBack = new ShowGroupOneCallBack(ShowGroupTwo);
}
/// <summary>
/// 操作文本區(qū)1的回調(diào)要執(zhí)行的方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strValue"></param>
private void WriteToTextJobOne(string strValue)
{
this.txtJobOne.Text = strValue;
}
/// <summary>
/// 操作文本區(qū)2的回調(diào)要執(zhí)行的方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strValue"></param>
private void WriteToTextJobTwo(string strValue)
{
this.txtJobTwo.Text = strValue;
}
/// <summary>
/// 操作"任務(wù)1"分組框的回調(diào)要執(zhí)行的方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strValue"></param>
private void ShowGroupOne(string strValue)
{
this.gbJobOne.Text = strValue;
}
/// <summary>
/// 操作"任務(wù)2"分組框的回調(diào)要執(zhí)行的方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strValue"></param>
private void ShowGroupTwo(string strValue)
{
this.gbJobTwo.Text = strValue;
}
}
}到此這篇關(guān)于C#網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程中常用特性的文章就介紹到這了。希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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