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ASP.NET?MVC自定義操作過(guò)濾器

 更新時(shí)間:2022年03月16日 11:20:41   作者:.NET開(kāi)發(fā)菜鳥(niǎo)  
這篇文章介紹了ASP.NET?MVC自定義操作過(guò)濾器的方法,文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)。對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下

一、操作過(guò)濾器

1、定義

操作過(guò)濾器用于實(shí)現(xiàn)IActionFilter接口以及包裝操作方法執(zhí)行。IActionFilter接口聲明兩個(gè)方法:OnActionExecuting和OnActionExecuted。OnActionExecuting在操作方法之前運(yùn)行。OnActionExecuted在操作方法之后運(yùn)行,可以執(zhí)行其他處理,如向操作方法提供額外數(shù)據(jù)、檢查返回值或取消執(zhí)行操作方法。

查看ActionFilterAttribute類的定義:

#region 程序集 System.Web.Mvc, Version=5.2.7.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35
// D:\Practice\MVC\自定義操作過(guò)濾器\MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.5.2.7\lib\net45\System.Web.Mvc.dll
#endregion

namespace System.Web.Mvc
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     表示篩選器特性的基類。
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public abstract class ActionFilterAttribute : FilterAttribute, IActionFilter, IResultFilter
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     初始化 System.Web.Mvc.ActionFilterAttribute 類的新實(shí)例。
        protected ActionFilterAttribute();

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     在執(zhí)行操作方法后由 ASP.NET MVC 框架調(diào)用。
        //
        // 參數(shù):
        //   filterContext:
        //     篩選器上下文。
        public virtual void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     在執(zhí)行操作方法之前由 ASP.NET MVC 框架調(diào)用。
        //
        // 參數(shù):
        //   filterContext:
        //     篩選器上下文。
        public virtual void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     在執(zhí)行操作結(jié)果后由 ASP.NET MVC 框架調(diào)用。
        //
        // 參數(shù):
        //   filterContext:
        //     篩選器上下文。
        public virtual void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     在執(zhí)行操作結(jié)果之前由 ASP.NET MVC 框架調(diào)用。
        //
        // 參數(shù):
        //   filterContext:
        //     篩選器上下文。
        public virtual void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext);
    }
}

根據(jù)方法的名字就知道4個(gè)方法執(zhí)行的順序了:

OnActionExecuting是Action執(zhí)行前的操作、OnActionExecuted則是Action執(zhí)行后的操作、OnResultExecuting是解析ActionResult前執(zhí)行、OnResultExecuted是解析ActionResult后執(zhí)行。
即:Action執(zhí)行前:OnActionExecuting方法先執(zhí)行→Action執(zhí)行 →OnActionExecuted方法執(zhí)行→OnResultExecuting方法執(zhí)行→返回的ActionRsult中的 executeResult方法執(zhí)行→OnResultExecuted執(zhí)行。

2、案例

2.1、創(chuàng)建自定義操作過(guò)濾器

新建一個(gè)自定義過(guò)濾器,然后重新里面的方法,代碼如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Extension
{
    public class CustomerActionFilter :ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法準(zhǔn)備執(zhí)行");
            base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
        }

        public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束");
            base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
        }
    }
}

2.2、新建控制器

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)控制器,用來(lái)測(cè)試自定義操作過(guò)濾器,代碼如下:

using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Extension;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Controllers
{
    public class ActionFiltersController : Controller
    {
        // GET: ActionFilters
        [CustomerActionFilter]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            Response.Write("<h2>執(zhí)行Index...</h2>");
            return View();
        }
    }
}

Index方法對(duì)應(yīng)的視圖代碼如下:

@{
    Layout = null;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div> 
        <h1>操作過(guò)濾器測(cè)試頁(yè)面</h1>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果;

二、結(jié)果過(guò)濾器

1、定義

結(jié)果篩選器用于實(shí)現(xiàn)IResultFilter接口以及包裝ActionResult對(duì)象的執(zhí)行。IResultFilter接口聲明兩個(gè)方法OnResultExecuting和OnResultExecuted。OnResultExecuting在執(zhí)行ActionResult對(duì)象之前運(yùn)行。OnResultExecuted在結(jié)果之后運(yùn)行,可以對(duì)結(jié)果執(zhí)行其他處理,如修改 HTTP 響應(yīng)。

結(jié)果過(guò)濾器也是實(shí)現(xiàn)了ActionFilterAttribute類。

2、案例

修改CustomerActionFilter類,重寫OnResultExecuting和OnResultExecuted,修改后的代碼如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Extension
{
    public class CustomerActionFilter :ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法準(zhǔn)備執(zhí)行");
            base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
        }

        public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束");
            base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
        }


        public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束,準(zhǔn)備呈現(xiàn)視圖");
            base.OnResultExecuting(filterContext);
        }

        public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("視圖呈現(xiàn)結(jié)束");
            base.OnResultExecuted(filterContext);
        }
    }
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果:

三、案例

1、記錄操作

在真實(shí)項(xiàng)目中,可以利用操作過(guò)濾器記錄哪個(gè)用戶登錄系統(tǒng)以后進(jìn)行了哪些操作。

1.1、創(chuàng)建實(shí)體類

新建用于記錄信息的實(shí)體類。代碼如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Models
{
    public class LogEntity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 控制器名稱
        /// </summary>
        public string ControllerName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Action方法名稱
        /// </summary>
        public string ActionName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 操作用戶id
        /// </summary>
        public string OperationUserId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 操作時(shí)間
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime OperationTime { get; set; }
    }
}

1.2、創(chuàng)建日志類

創(chuàng)建日志幫助類,代碼如下:

using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Util
{
    public class LogHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 記錄操作日志
        /// 這里為了方便測(cè)試記錄到txt文件里面,實(shí)際中應(yīng)該是記錄到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中
        /// 然后有界面可以顯示這些操作記錄
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity"></param>
        public static void WriteOperRecore(LogEntity entity)
        {
            string strPath = @"C:\log.txt";
            using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(strPath, true))
            {
                sw.WriteLine("**************************");
                sw.WriteLine($"操作時(shí)間:{entity.OperationTime}");
                sw.WriteLine($"當(dāng)前Controller名稱:{entity.ControllerName}");
                sw.WriteLine($"當(dāng)前Action名稱:{entity.ActionName}");
                sw.WriteLine($"當(dāng)前操作用戶id:{entity.OperationUserId}");
                sw.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

1.3、修改操作過(guò)濾器類

修改后的操作過(guò)濾器類代碼如下:

using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Models;
using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Util;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Extension
{
    public class CustomerActionFilter : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法準(zhǔn)備執(zhí)行");
            string strControllerName = filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString();
            string strActionName = filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString();
            LogEntity entity = new LogEntity()
            {
                OperationTime = DateTime.Now,
                ControllerName = strControllerName,
                ActionName = strActionName,
                // 為了方便測(cè)試寫admin,真實(shí)案例需要獲取當(dāng)前登錄的用戶
                OperationUserId = "admin"
            };
            // 記錄操作記錄
            LogHelper.WriteOperRecore(entity);
            base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
        }

        public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束");
            base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
        }


        public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("Action方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束,準(zhǔn)備呈現(xiàn)視圖");
            base.OnResultExecuting(filterContext);
        }

        public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("視圖呈現(xiàn)結(jié)束");
            base.OnResultExecuted(filterContext);
        }
    }
}

運(yùn)行程序,查看生成的日志:

2、實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)限控制功能

可以重寫OnActionExecuting方法實(shí)現(xiàn)授權(quán)過(guò)濾器一樣的功能,因?yàn)镺nActionExecuting方法是在Action方法執(zhí)行前執(zhí)行的,自定義一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)ActionFilterAttribute類的CustomerActionPremisFilters類,代碼如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.DataBase;
using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Models;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Extension
{
    public class CustomerActionPremisFilters :ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public string ActionName { get; set; } //用于保存Action配置的別名
        public string AreaName { get; set; }
        public string Roles { get; set; }
        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            // 如果未登錄,則跳轉(zhuǎn)到登錄界面
            if (!filterContext.HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("/Account/LogOn");
                return;
            }
            //當(dāng)前登錄用戶的用戶名
            string userName = filterContext.HttpContext.User.Identity.Name;
            //當(dāng)前登錄用戶對(duì)象
            User user = SampleData.users.Find(u => u.UserName == userName);  

            if (user != null)
            {
                //當(dāng)前登錄用戶的角色
                Role role = SampleData.roles.Find(r => r.Id == user.RoleId); 

                //獲得controller:
                string controllerName = filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString().ToLower();
                if (ActionName == null)
                {
                    ActionName = filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString();
                }
                  

                //查詢角色id
                RoleWithControllerAction roleWithControllerAction = SampleData.roleWithControllerAndAction.Find(r => r.ControllerName.ToLower() == controllerName && ActionName.ToLower() == ActionName.ToLower());
                if (roleWithControllerAction != null)
                {
                    //有權(quán)限操作當(dāng)前控制器和Action的角色id
                    this.Roles = roleWithControllerAction.RoleIds;    
                }
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Roles))
                {
                    foreach (string roleid in Roles.Split(','))
                    {
                        if (role.Id.ToString() == roleid)
                        {
                            //return就說(shuō)明有權(quán)限了,后面的代碼就不跑了,直接返回視圖給瀏覽器就好
                            return;
                        }
                  
                    }
                }

                filterContext.Result = new ViewResult { ViewName = "Error", };
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                filterContext.Result = new EmptyResult();
                filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("/Account/Logon", true);
                return;

            }
        }
    }
}

新建ActionPremisFilters控制器,代碼如下:

using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Extension;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Controllers
{
    public class ActionPremisFiltersController : Controller
    {
        // GET: ActionPremisFilters
        [CustomerActionPremisFilters]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
    }
}

修改SampleData數(shù)據(jù),使角色id為2、3的可以訪問(wèn)ActionPremisFilters的Index方法:

using MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo.DataBase
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)(實(shí)際項(xiàng)目中,這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)拿)
    /// </summary>
    public class SampleData
    {
        public static List<User> users;
        public static List<Role> roles;
        public static List<RoleWithControllerAction> roleWithControllerAndAction;

        static SampleData()
        {
            // 初始化用戶
            users = new List<User>()
            {
                new User(){ Id=1, UserName="jxl", RoleId=1},
                new User(){ Id=2, UserName ="senior1", RoleId=2},
                new User(){ Id=3, UserName ="senior2", RoleId=2},
                new User(){ Id=5, UserName="junior1", RoleId=3},
                new User(){ Id=6, UserName="junior2", RoleId=3},
                new User(){ Id=6, UserName="junior3", RoleId=3}
            };
            // 初始化角色
            roles = new List<Role>()
            {
                new Role() { Id=1, RoleName="管理員", Description="管理員角色"},
                new Role() { Id=2, RoleName="高級(jí)會(huì)員", Description="高級(jí)會(huì)員角色"},
                new Role() { Id=3, RoleName="初級(jí)會(huì)員", Description="初級(jí)會(huì)員角色"}
            };
            // 初始化角色控制器和Action對(duì)應(yīng)類
            roleWithControllerAndAction = new List<RoleWithControllerAction>()
            {
                new RoleWithControllerAction(){ Id=1, ControllerName="AuthFilters", ActionName="AdminUser", RoleIds="1"},
                new RoleWithControllerAction(){ Id=2, ControllerName="AuthFilters", ActionName="SeniorUser",RoleIds="1,2"},
                new RoleWithControllerAction(){ Id=3, ControllerName="AuthFilters", ActionName="JuniorUser",RoleIds="1,2,3"},
                new RoleWithControllerAction(){ Id=3, ControllerName="AuthFilters", ActionName="Welcome",RoleIds="1,2"},
                new RoleWithControllerAction(){ Id=4, ControllerName="ActionFilters", ActionName="Index", RoleIds="2,3"},
                // 角色2、3可以訪問(wèn)ActionPremisFilters控制器的Index方法
                new RoleWithControllerAction(){ Id=4, ControllerName="ActionPremisFilters", ActionName="Index", RoleIds="2,3"}
            };
        }
    }
}

修改配置文件

<authentication mode="Forms">
   <forms loginUrl="~/Account/LogOn" timeout="2880" />
</authentication>

測(cè)試,訪問(wèn)ActionPremisFilters的Index方法,由于系統(tǒng)還沒(méi)有登錄,所以會(huì)跳轉(zhuǎn)到登錄頁(yè)面,這時(shí)候用jxl用戶登錄:

由于jxl用戶沒(méi)有訪問(wèn)ActionPremisFilters控制器中Index方法的權(quán)限,所以會(huì)跳轉(zhuǎn)到Error頁(yè)面:

這時(shí)在用senior1用戶登錄,由于senior1用戶有權(quán)限訪問(wèn),所以會(huì)顯示Index視圖內(nèi)容:

GitHub代碼地址:https://github.com/jxl1024/MVCCustomerActionFilterDemo

到此這篇關(guān)于ASP.NET MVC自定義操作過(guò)濾器的文章就介紹到這了。希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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