解析C#網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程中的Http請求
本篇分享簡單介紹C#中的Http請求,前幾天幫朋友的項(xiàng)目封裝ApiHelper,我粗糙的結(jié)果就如下,想想我真的是差的太遠(yuǎn)了。還有一位架構(gòu)師也在封裝這個(gè)Helper , 所以最后的結(jié)果當(dāng)然是使用大牛的封裝,這篇分享后,準(zhǔn)備學(xué)習(xí)下他的封裝,配置,錯(cuò)誤處理機(jī)制等思想。不過這次也使我對(duì)C#網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程了解的更多,算是一次學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷吧。真心喜歡和老司機(jī)合作,下一階段將會(huì)持續(xù)跟這位朋友學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目底層的封裝,和他謙虛的態(tài)度,有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)也是幸運(yùn)的。
你可以將其封裝成自己的HttpHelper,經(jīng)朋友建議,統(tǒng)一Http請求的入?yún)⒑统鰠?。在HttpClient方面也參考了dudu的關(guān)于httpclient預(yù)熱的文章。C#中HttpClient使用注意:預(yù)熱與長連接。
為了做到統(tǒng)一入?yún)⒑统鰠?,定義了Req<T>泛型類和Resp<T>泛型類。你可以根據(jù)自己的需要進(jìn)行拓展。
public class Req<T> { /// <summary> /// 傳入數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> public T Input { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 請求地址 /// </summary> public string Url { get; set; } }
public class Resp<T> { /// <summary> /// 錯(cuò)誤消息 /// </summary> public string ErrorMsg { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 狀態(tài)碼 /// </summary> public int StatusCode { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) /// </summary> public T RespData { get; set; } }
雖然保持了httpClient對(duì)象復(fù)用,但需要注意的是,在設(shè)置了httpClient,并且發(fā)生了一次請求之后,不能再對(duì)其屬性進(jìn)行重新設(shè)置。這也正是我又定義了一個(gè)fileClient的理由。
#region HttpClient版本 private static readonly string _baseAddress = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["api-server"];//配置BaseUrl eg.http://localhost:1234 private static readonly HttpClient _httpClient; private static readonly HttpClient _fileClient; static ApiHelper() { #region 初始化和預(yù)熱 httpClient _httpClient = new HttpClient(); _httpClient.BaseAddress = new Uri(_baseAddress); _httpClient.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept", "application/json");//application/xml 想Accept的數(shù)據(jù)格式 _httpClient.SendAsync(new HttpRequestMessage { Method = new HttpMethod("HEAD"), RequestUri = new Uri(_baseAddress + "/api/test/HttpClientHot") }) .Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); #endregion #region 初始化和預(yù)熱 fileClient _fileClient = new HttpClient(); _fileClient.BaseAddress = new Uri(_baseAddress + "/api/test/HttpClientHot"); _fileClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 256000; #endregion } /// <summary> /// http Get請求 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">入?yún)㈩愋?lt;/typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TResult">出參類型</typeparam> /// <param name="req">入?yún)?duì)象</param> /// <returns></returns> public static async Task<Resp<TResult>> GetAsync<T, TResult>(Req<T> req) { try var result =await _httpClient.GetAsync(req.Url).Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); return new Resp<TResult>() { Data = JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<TResult>(result) }; } catch(Exception ex) } return new Resp<TResult>() { Data = JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<TResult>("") }; } /// <summary> /// http Post請求 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">入?yún)㈩愋?lt;/typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TResult">出參類型</typeparam> /// <param name="req">入?yún)?duì)象</param> /// <returns></returns> public static async Task<Resp<TResult>> PostAsJsonAsync<T, TResult>(Req<T> req) var result = await _httpClient.PostAsJsonAsync(req.Url, req.Input).Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); return new Resp<TResult>() { Data = JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<TResult>(result) }; } /// 上傳文件 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TResult"></typeparam> /// <param name="req"></param> /// <param name="filePath"></param> public static async Task<Resp<TResult>> SendFile<T, TResult>(Req<T> req, string filePath)//D:\\white.jpg //_fileClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", "User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; Touch; MALNJS; rv:11.0) like Gecko");//設(shè)置請求頭 // 讀文件流 FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read); HttpContent fileContent = new StreamContent(fs);//為文件流提供的HTTP容器 fileContent.Headers.ContentType = MediaTypeHeaderValue.Parse("multipart/form-data");//設(shè)置媒體類型 MultipartFormDataContent mulContent = new MultipartFormDataContent("----");//創(chuàng)建用于可傳遞文件的容器 string fileName = filePath.Substring(filePath.LastIndexOf("/") + 1); mulContent.Add(fileContent, "form", fileName);//第二個(gè)參數(shù)是表單名,第三個(gè)是文件名。 HttpResponseMessage response = await _fileClient.PostAsync(req.Url, mulContent); response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); string result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); return new Resp<TResult>() { Data = JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<TResult>(result) }; } /// 下載 /// <param name="url"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static async Task<Resp<byte[]>> HttpDownloadData<T>(Req<T> req) var byteres = await _fileClient.GetByteArrayAsync(req.Url); return new Resp<byte[]>() { Data = byteres }; #endregion }
另外分享下HttpWebRequest來實(shí)現(xiàn)的請求。HttpWebRequest需要你自行設(shè)置很多內(nèi)容,當(dāng)然這也證明其內(nèi)容豐富。下面代碼包含了post,get,以及上傳。
/// <summary> /// Post Http請求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">請求地址</param> /// <param name="postData">傳輸數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <param name="timeout">超時(shí)時(shí)間</param> /// <param name="contentType">媒體格式</param> /// <param name="encode">編碼</param> /// <returns>泛型集合</returns> public static List<T> PostAndRespList<T>(string url, string postData, int timeout = 5000, string contentType = "application/json;", string encode = "UTF-8") { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(encode) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) && postData != null) { // webRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Bearer " + "SportApiAuthData"); HttpWebResponse webResponse = null; Stream responseStream = null; Stream requestStream = null; StreamReader streamReader = null; try { string respstr = GetStreamReader(url, responseStream, requestStream, streamReader, webResponse, timeout, encode, postData, contentType); return JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<List<T>>(respstr); } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { if (responseStream != null) responseStream.Dispose(); if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Dispose(); if (requestStream != null) requestStream.Dispose(); if (streamReader != null) streamReader.Dispose(); } } return null; } /// <summary> /// Post Http請求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">請求地址</param> /// <param name="postData">傳輸數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <param name="timeout">超時(shí)時(shí)間</param> /// <param name="contentType">媒體格式</param> /// <param name="encode">編碼</param> /// <returns>泛型集合</returns> public static T PostAndRespSignle<T>(string url, int timeout = 5000, string postData = "", string contentType = "application/json;", string encode = "UTF-8") { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(encode) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) && postData != null) { // webRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Bearer " + "SportApiAuthData"); HttpWebResponse webResponse = null; Stream responseStream = null; Stream requestStream = null; StreamReader streamReader = null; try { string respstr = GetStreamReader(url, responseStream, requestStream, streamReader, webResponse, timeout, encode, postData, contentType); return JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<T>(respstr); } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { if (responseStream != null) responseStream.Dispose(); if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Dispose(); if (requestStream != null) requestStream.Dispose(); if (streamReader != null) streamReader.Dispose(); } } return default(T); } /// <summary> /// Post Http請求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url"></param> /// <param name="postData"></param> /// <param name="timeout"></param> /// <param name="contentType"></param> /// <param name="encode"></param> /// <returns>響應(yīng)流字符串</returns> public static string PostAndRespStr(string url, int timeout = 5000, string postData = "", string contentType = "application/json;", string encode = "UTF-8") { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(encode) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) && postData != null) { HttpWebResponse webResponse = null; Stream responseStream = null; Stream requestStream = null; StreamReader streamReader = null; try { return GetStreamReader(url, responseStream, requestStream, streamReader, webResponse, timeout, encode, postData, contentType); } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { if (responseStream != null) responseStream.Dispose(); if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Dispose(); if (requestStream != null) requestStream.Dispose(); if (streamReader != null) streamReader.Dispose(); } } return null; } private static string GetStreamReader(string url, Stream responseStream, Stream requestStream, StreamReader streamReader, WebResponse webResponse, int timeout, string encode, string postData, string contentType) { byte[] data = Encoding.GetEncoding(encode).GetBytes(postData); HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); SetAuth(webRequest); webRequest.Method = "POST"; webRequest.ContentType = contentType + ";" + encode; webRequest.ContentLength = data.Length; webRequest.Timeout = timeout; requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream(); requestStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length); webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse(); responseStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream(); if (responseStream == null) { return ""; } streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding(encode)); return streamReader.ReadToEnd(); } /// <summary> /// Post文件流給指定Url /// </summary> /// <param name="url">url</param> /// <param name="filePath">文件路徑</param> /// <returns>響應(yīng)流字符串</returns> public static string PostFile(string url, string filePath, string contentType = "application/octet-stream", string encode = "UTF-8") { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(encode) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath)) { Stream requestStream = null; Stream responseStream = null; StreamReader streamReader = null; FileStream fileStream = null; try { // 設(shè)置參數(shù) HttpWebRequest webRequest = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; SetAuth(webRequest); webRequest.AllowAutoRedirect = true; webRequest.Method = "POST"; string boundary = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("X"); // 隨機(jī)分隔線 webRequest.ContentType = "multipart/form-data;charset=" + encode + ";boundary=" + boundary; byte[] itemBoundaryBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "\r\n");//消息開始 byte[] endBoundaryBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n");//消息結(jié)尾 var fileName = filePath.Substring(filePath.LastIndexOf("/") + 1); //請求頭部信息 string postHeader = string.Format("Content-Disposition:form-data;name=\"media\";filename=\"{0}\"\r\nContent-Type:{1}\r\n\r\n", fileName, contentType); byte[] postHeaderBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postHeader); fileStream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); byte[] fileByteArr = new byte[fileStream.Length]; fileStream.Read(fileByteArr, 0, fileByteArr.Length); fileStream.Close(); requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream(); requestStream.Write(itemBoundaryBytes, 0, itemBoundaryBytes.Length); requestStream.Write(postHeaderBytes, 0, postHeaderBytes.Length); requestStream.Write(fileByteArr, 0, fileByteArr.Length); requestStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length); requestStream.Close(); responseStream = webRequest.GetResponse().GetResponseStream();//發(fā)送請求,得到響應(yīng)流 if (responseStream == null) return string.Empty; streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8); return streamReader.ReadToEnd(); } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { } } return null; } /// <summary> /// Get http請求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">請求地址</param> /// <param name="timeout">超時(shí)時(shí)間</param> /// <param name="encode">編碼</param> /// <returns>返回單個(gè)實(shí)體</returns> public static T GetSingle<T>(string url, int timeout = 5000, string encode = "UTF-8") { //HttpWebRequest對(duì)象 //HttpClient->dudu 調(diào)用預(yù)熱處理 //Stream—>Model if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(encode)) { Stream responseStream = null; StreamReader streamReader = null; WebResponse webResponse = null; try { string respStr = GetRespStr(url, responseStream, streamReader, webResponse, timeout, encode); return JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<T>(respStr); } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { if (responseStream != null) responseStream.Dispose(); if (streamReader != null) streamReader.Dispose(); if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Dispose(); } } return default(T); } /// <summary> /// Get http請求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url"></param> /// <param name="timeout"></param> /// <param name="encode"></param> /// <returns>響應(yīng)流字符串</returns> public static string GetResponseString(string url, int timeout = 5000, string encode = "UTF-8") { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(encode)) { Stream responseStream = null; StreamReader streamReader = null; WebResponse webResponse = null; try { return GetRespStr(url, responseStream, streamReader, webResponse, timeout, encode); } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { if (responseStream != null) responseStream.Dispose(); if (streamReader != null) streamReader.Dispose(); if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Dispose(); } } return null; } private static string GetRespStr(string url, Stream responseStream, StreamReader streamReader, WebResponse webResponse, int timeout, string encode) { HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); webRequest.Method = "GET"; webRequest.Timeout = timeout; webResponse = webRequest.GetResponse(); responseStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream(); if (responseStream == null) { return ""; } streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding(encode)); return streamReader.ReadToEnd(); }
到此這篇關(guān)于C#網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程中的Http請求的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)C#網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程Http請求內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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