mysql的單列多值存儲實例詳解
更新時間:2022年04月05日 11:21:24 作者:go4it
數(shù)據庫市場需要細分,行式數(shù)據庫不再滿足所有的需求,而有很多需求需要,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關于mysql單列多值存儲的相關資料,文中通過示例代碼介紹介紹的非常詳細,需要的朋友可以參考下
序
本文主要研究一下mysql如何用一個列來存儲多個值
實例
用bit類型
- 建表及數(shù)據準備
-- 這里定義了bit(3),表示有3位,第一位1,第二位2,第三位4 create table t_bit_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value bit(3) not null default 0 ); -- 這里插入了1,2,4的組合值 insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'000'); insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'001'); insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'010'); insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'011'); insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'100'); insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'101'); insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'110'); insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'111'); -- 這里直接插入int值也可以,比如5相當于101 -- insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(5); SELECT multi_value+0, BIN(multi_value) FROM t_bit_demo; +---------------+------------------+ | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) | +---------------+------------------+ | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 10 | | 3 | 11 | | 4 | 100 | | 5 | 101 | | 6 | 110 | | 7 | 111 | +---------------+------------------+
- 位運算查詢
-- 查詢第二位有值的數(shù)據 select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value & 2 +---------------+------------------+ | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) | +---------------+------------------+ | 2 | 10 | | 3 | 11 | | 6 | 110 | | 7 | 111 | +---------------+------------------+ -- 查詢第三位有值的數(shù)據 select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value & 4 +---------------+------------------+ | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) | +---------------+------------------+ | 4 | 100 | | 5 | 101 | | 6 | 110 | | 7 | 111 | +---------------+------------------+ -- 查詢只有第三位有值的數(shù)據 select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value = 4 select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value = 4 +---------------+------------------+ | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) | +---------------+------------------+ | 4 | 100 | +---------------+------------------+
- 更新
select id,multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo +----+---------------+------------------+ | id | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) | +----+---------------+------------------+ | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 3 | 2 | 10 | | 4 | 3 | 11 | | 5 | 4 | 100 | | 6 | 5 | 101 | | 7 | 6 | 110 | | 8 | 7 | 111 | +----+---------------+------------------+ -- 將id為7的值移除第二個枚舉 update t_bit_demo set multi_value = b'100' where id=7 select id,multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where id=7 +----+---------------+------------------+ | id | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) | +----+---------------+------------------+ | 7 | 4 | 100 | +----+---------------+------------------+
用int/bigint類型
- 建表及數(shù)據準備
create table t_bigint_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value bigint not null default 0 ); -- 假設這里定義了1,2,4三個枚舉值 insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(0); insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(1); insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(2); insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(3); insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(4); insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(5); insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(6); insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(7); select multi_value from t_bigint_demo +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 0 | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 | | 6 | | 7 | +-------------+
- 查詢
-- 查詢包含第二個枚舉的數(shù)據 select multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where multi_value & 2 +-------------+------------------+ | multi_value | BIN(multi_value) | +-------------+------------------+ | 2 | 10 | | 3 | 11 | | 6 | 110 | | 7 | 111 | +-------------+------------------+ -- 查詢包含第三個枚舉的數(shù)據 select multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where multi_value & 4 +-------------+------------------+ | multi_value | BIN(multi_value) | +-------------+------------------+ | 4 | 100 | | 5 | 101 | | 6 | 110 | | 7 | 111 | +-------------+------------------+ -- 查詢值為第三個枚舉的數(shù)據 select multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where multi_value =4 +-------------+------------------+ | multi_value | BIN(multi_value) | +-------------+------------------+ | 4 | 100 | +-------------+------------------+
- 更新
select id,multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo +----+-------------+------------------+ | id | multi_value | BIN(multi_value) | +----+-------------+------------------+ | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 3 | 2 | 10 | | 4 | 3 | 11 | | 5 | 4 | 100 | | 6 | 5 | 101 | | 7 | 6 | 110 | | 8 | 7 | 111 | +----+-------------+------------------+ -- 將id為7的值移除第二個枚舉 update t_bigint_demo set multi_value = b'100' where id=7 select id,multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where id=7 +----+-------------+------------------+ | id | multi_value | BIN(multi_value) | +----+-------------+------------------+ | 7 | 4 | 100 | +----+-------------+------------------+
用varchar類型
- 建表及數(shù)據準備
create table t_varchar_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value varchar(255) not null default '' ); -- 假設這里定義了1,2,4三個枚舉值 insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1'); insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('2'); insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1,2'); insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('4'); insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1,4'); insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('2,4'); insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1,2,4'); select multi_value from t_varchar_demo +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 1,2 | | 4 | | 1,4 | | 2,4 | | 1,2,4 | +-------------+
- 查詢
-- 查詢包含第二個枚舉的數(shù)據 select multi_value from t_varchar_demo where find_in_set('2',multi_value) +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 2 | | 1,2 | | 2,4 | | 1,2,4 | +-------------+ -- 查詢包含第三個枚舉的數(shù)據 select multi_value from t_varchar_demo where find_in_set('4',multi_value) +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 4 | | 1,4 | | 2,4 | | 1,2,4 | +-------------+ -- 查詢只有第三個枚舉的數(shù)據 select multi_value from t_varchar_demo where multi_value = '4' +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 4 | +-------------+
- 更新
select * from t_varchar_demo +----+-------------+ | id | multi_value | +----+-------------+ | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 2 | | 3 | 1,2 | | 4 | 4 | | 5 | 1,4 | | 6 | 2,4 | | 7 | 1,2,4 | +----+-------------+ -- 將id為7的值移除第二個枚舉 update t_varchar_demo set multi_value = '1,4' where id=7 select * from t_varchar_demo where id=7 +----+-------------+ | id | multi_value | +----+-------------+ | 7 | 1,4 | +----+-------------+
用set類型
- 建表及數(shù)據準備
create table t_set_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value set('1','2','4') not null default '' ); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values(''); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1'); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('2'); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1,2'); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('4'); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1,4'); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('2,4'); insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1,2,4');
- 查詢
-- 查詢包含第二個枚舉的數(shù)據,可以用位運算也可以用find_in_set select multi_value from t_set_demo where multi_value&2 select multi_value from t_set_demo where find_in_set('2',multi_value) +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 2 | | 1,2 | | 2,4 | | 1,2,4 | +-------------+ -- 查詢包含第三個枚舉的數(shù)據,可以用位運算也可以用find_in_set select multi_value from t_set_demo where multi_value&4 select multi_value from t_set_demo where find_in_set('4',multi_value) +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 4 | | 1,4 | | 2,4 | | 1,2,4 | +-------------+ -- 查詢值為第三個枚舉的數(shù)據 select multi_value from t_set_demo where multi_value='4' +-------------+ | multi_value | +-------------+ | 4 | +-------------+
- 更新
select * from t_set_demo +----+-------------+ | id | multi_value | +----+-------------+ | 1 | | | 2 | 1 | | 3 | 2 | | 4 | 1,2 | | 5 | 4 | | 6 | 1,4 | | 7 | 2,4 | | 8 | 1,2,4 | +----+-------------+ -- 將id為7的值移除第二個枚舉 update t_set_demo set multi_value = '1,4' where id=7 select * from t_set_demo where id=7 select * from t_set_demo where id=7 +----+-------------+ | id | multi_value | +----+-------------+ | 7 | 1,4 | +----+-------------+
小結
mysql用單列存儲多值通常用于一對多的反范式處理,具體可以用bit、int/bigint、varchar、set類型來實現(xiàn),缺點是不支持索引。
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