MongoDB索引類型匯總分享
MongoDB 4.2官方支持索引類型如下:
- 單字段索引
- 復(fù)合索引
- 多鍵索引
- 文本索引
- 2dsphere索引
- 2d索引
- geoHaystack索引
- 哈希索引
單字段索引
在單個(gè)字段上創(chuàng)建升序索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes() [ { "v" : 2, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "db6.test" } ]
在字段id上添加升序索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"id":1}) { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 1, "numIndexesAfter" : 2, "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : { "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621322378, 1), "signature" : { "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1621322378, 1) }
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes() [ { "v" : 2, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "db6.test" }, { "v" : 2, "key" : { "id" : 1 }, "name" : "id_1", "ns" : "db6.test" } ]
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.find({"id":100}) { "_id" : ObjectId("60a35d061f183b1d8f092114"), "id" : 100, "name" : "handong", "ziliao" : { "name" : "handong", "age" : 25, "hobby" : "mongodb" } }
上述查詢可以使用新建的單字段索引。
在嵌入式字段上創(chuàng)建索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"ziliao.name":1}) { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 2, "numIndexesAfter" : 3, "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : { "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621323677, 2), "signature" : { "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1621323677, 2) }
以下查詢可以用的新建的索引。
db.test.find({"ziliao.name":"handong"})
在內(nèi)嵌文檔上創(chuàng)建索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({ziliao:1}) { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 3, "numIndexesAfter" : 4, "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : { "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621324059, 2), "signature" : { "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1621324059, 2) }
以下查詢可以使用新建的索引。
db.test.find({ziliao:{ "name" : "handong", "age" : 25, "hobby" : "mongodb" }})
復(fù)合索引
創(chuàng)建復(fù)合索引
db.user.createIndex({"product_id":1,"type":-1})
以下查詢可以用到新建的復(fù)合索引
db.user.find({"product_id":"e5a35cfc70364d2092b8f5d14b1a3217","type":0})
多鍵索引
基于一個(gè)數(shù)組創(chuàng)建索引,MongoDB會自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建為多鍵索引,無需刻意指定。
多鍵索引也可以基于內(nèi)嵌文檔來創(chuàng)建。
多鍵索引的邊界值的計(jì)算依賴于特定的規(guī)則。
查看文檔:
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d7f1f183b1d8f0920ad"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ { "english" : 90, "math" : 99, "physics" : 88 } ], "is_del" : false } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d8b1f183b1d8f0920ae"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 99, 98, 97, 96 ], "is_del" : false } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d9a1f183b1d8f0920af"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 100, 100, 100, 100 ], "is_del" : false } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a32e8c1f183b1d8f0920b0"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ { "english" : 70, "math" : 99, "physics" : 88 } ], "is_del" : false } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b141f183b1d8f0aa751"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95 ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b1d1f183b1d8f0aa752"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95, 94 ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b221f183b1d8f0aa753"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95, 94, 93 ] }
創(chuàng)建score字段多鍵索引:
db.score.createIndex("score":1)
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find({"score":[ 96, 95 ]}) { "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b141f183b1d8f0aa751"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95 ] }
查看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃:
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find({"score":[ 96, 95 ]}).explain() { "queryPlanner" : { "plannerVersion" : 1, "namespace" : "db6.score", "indexFilterSet" : false, "parsedQuery" : { "score" : { "$eq" : [ 96, 95 ] } }, "queryHash" : "8D76FC59", "planCacheKey" : "E2B03CA1", "winningPlan" : { "stage" : "FETCH", "filter" : { "score" : { "$eq" : [ 96, 95 ] } }, "inputStage" : { "stage" : "IXSCAN", "keyPattern" : { "score" : 1 }, "indexName" : "score_1", "isMultiKey" : true, "multiKeyPaths" : { "score" : [ "score" ] }, "isUnique" : false, "isSparse" : false, "isPartial" : false, "indexVersion" : 2, "direction" : "forward", "indexBounds" : { "score" : [ "[96.0, 96.0]", "[[ 96.0, 95.0 ], [ 96.0, 95.0 ]]" ] } } }, "rejectedPlans" : [ ] }, "serverInfo" : { "host" : "mongo3", "port" : 27017, "version" : "4.2.12", "gitVersion" : "5593fd8e33b60c75802edab304e23998fa0ce8a5" }, "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : { "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621326912, 1), "signature" : { "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1621326912, 1) }
可以看到已經(jīng)使用了新建的多鍵索引。
文本索引
為了支持對字符串內(nèi)容的文本搜索查詢,MongoDB提供了文本索引。文本(text )索引可以包含任何值為字符串或字符串元素?cái)?shù)組的字段
db.user.createIndex({"sku_attributes":"text"})
db.user.find({$text:{$search:"測試"}})
查看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃:
handong1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({$text:{$search:"測試"}}).explain() { "queryPlanner" : { "plannerVersion" : 1, "namespace" : "db6.user", "indexFilterSet" : false, "parsedQuery" : { "$text" : { "$search" : "測試", "$language" : "english", "$caseSensitive" : false, "$diacriticSensitive" : false } }, "queryHash" : "83098EE1", "planCacheKey" : "7E2D582B", "winningPlan" : { "stage" : "TEXT", "indexPrefix" : { }, "indexName" : "sku_attributes_text", "parsedTextQuery" : { "terms" : [ "測試" ], "negatedTerms" : [ ], "phrases" : [ ], "negatedPhrases" : [ ] }, "textIndexVersion" : 3, "inputStage" : { "stage" : "TEXT_MATCH", "inputStage" : { "stage" : "FETCH", "inputStage" : { "stage" : "OR", "inputStage" : { "stage" : "IXSCAN", "keyPattern" : { "_fts" : "text", "_ftsx" : 1 }, "indexName" : "sku_attributes_text", "isMultiKey" : true, "isUnique" : false, "isSparse" : false, "isPartial" : false, "indexVersion" : 2, "direction" : "backward", "indexBounds" : { } } } } } }, "rejectedPlans" : [ ] }, "serverInfo" : { "host" : "mongo3", "port" : 27017, "version" : "4.2.12", "gitVersion" : "5593fd8e33b60c75802edab304e23998fa0ce8a5" }, "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : { "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621328543, 1), "signature" : { "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1621328543, 1) }
可以看到通過文本索引可以查到包含測試關(guān)鍵字的數(shù)據(jù)。
**注意:**可以根據(jù)自己需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建復(fù)合文本索引。
2dsphere索引
創(chuàng)建測試數(shù)據(jù)
db.places.insert( { loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.291226, 39.981198 ] }, name: "火器營橋", category : "火器營橋" } ) db.places.insert( { loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.281452, 39.914226 ] }, name: "五棵松", category : "五棵松" } ) db.places.insert( { loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.378038, 39.851467 ] }, name: "角門西", category : "角門西" } ) db.places.insert( { loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.467833, 39.881581 ] }, name: "潘家園", category : "潘家園" } ) db.places.insert( { loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.468264, 39.914766 ] }, name: "國貿(mào)", category : "國貿(mào)" } ) db.places.insert( { loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.46618, 39.960213 ] }, name: "三元橋", category : "三元橋" } ) db.places.insert( { loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.400064, 40.007827 ] }, name: "奧林匹克森林公園", category : "奧林匹克森林公園" } )
添加2dsphere索引
db.places.createIndex( { loc : "2dsphere" } )
db.places.createIndex( { loc : "2dsphere" , category : -1, name: 1 } )
利用2dsphere索引查詢多邊形里的點(diǎn)
鳳凰嶺
[116.098234,40.110569]
天安門
[116.405239,39.913839]
四惠橋
[116.494351,39.912068]
望京
[116.494494,40.004594]
handong1:PRIMARY> db.places.find( { loc : ... { $geoWithin : ... { $geometry : ... { type : "Polygon" , ... coordinates : [ [ ... [116.098234,40.110569] , ... [116.405239,39.913839] , ... [116.494351,39.912068] , ... [116.494494,40.004594] , ... [116.098234,40.110569] ... ] ] ... } } } } ) { "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c950d4211a77d22bf7f8"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.400064, 40.007827 ] }, "name" : "奧林匹克森林公園", "category" : "奧林匹克森林公園" } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c94fd4211a77d22bf7f7"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.46618, 39.960213 ] }, "name" : "三元橋", "category" : "三元橋" } { "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c94fd4211a77d22bf7f6"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.468264, 39.914766 ] }, "name" : "國貿(mào)", "category" : "國貿(mào)" }
可以看到把集合中包含在指定四邊形里的點(diǎn),全部列了出來。
利用2dsphere索引查詢球體上定義的圓內(nèi)的點(diǎn)
handong1:PRIMARY> db.places.find( { loc : ... { $geoWithin : ... { $centerSphere : ... [ [ 116.439518, 39.954751 ] , 2/3963.2 ] ... } } } ) { "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c94fd4211a77d22bf7f7"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.46618, 39.960213 ] }, "name" : "三元橋", "category" : "三元橋" }
返回所有半徑為經(jīng)度 116.439518 E 和緯度 39.954751 N 的2英里內(nèi)坐標(biāo)。示例將2英里的距離轉(zhuǎn)換為弧度,通過除以地球近似的赤道半徑3963.2英里。
2d索引
在以下情況下使用2d索引:
- 您的數(shù)據(jù)庫具有來自MongoDB 2.2或更早版本的舊版舊版坐標(biāo)對。
- 您不打算將任何位置數(shù)據(jù)存儲為GeoJSON對象。
哈希索引
要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建hashed索引,請指定 hashed 作為索引鍵的值,如下例所示:
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"_id":"hashed"}) { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 4, "numIndexesAfter" : 5, "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : { "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621419338, 1), "signature" : { "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1621419338, 1) }
注意事項(xiàng)
- MongoDB支持任何單個(gè)字段的 hashed 索引。hashing函數(shù)折疊嵌入的文檔并計(jì)算整個(gè)值的hash值,但不支持多鍵(即.數(shù)組)索引。
- 您不能創(chuàng)建具有hashed索引字段的復(fù)合索引,也不能在索引上指定唯一約束hashed;但是,您可以hashed在同一字段上創(chuàng)建索引和升序/降序(即非哈希)索引:MongoDB將對范圍查詢使用標(biāo)量索引。
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