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SpringBoot多數(shù)據(jù)源切換實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼(Mybaitis)

 更新時(shí)間：2022年04月12日 12:09:10   作者：胡安民  
實(shí)際工作中我們會(huì)遇到springboot項(xiàng)目初始化啟動(dòng)時(shí)候,不能指定具體連接哪個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源的時(shí)候,不同的接口連接不同的數(shù)據(jù)源或者前端頁面指定連接某個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源等等情況,就會(huì)遇到動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)源切換的問題,需要的朋友可以參考下

前言

但是在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)場景中，數(shù)據(jù)量迅速增長，一個(gè)庫一個(gè)表已經(jīng)滿足不了我們的需求的時(shí)候，我們就會(huì)考慮分庫分表的操作，在springboot中如何實(shí)現(xiàn)多數(shù)據(jù)源，動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)源切換，讀寫分離等操作。 當(dāng)你看到這篇文件那么你幸運(yùn)了,下面直接提供終極通用版代碼

如果是非Mybaitis的那么可以進(jìn)行參照,原理都差不多

配置文件(YML)

spring:
  datasource:
    default-db-key: voidme
    multi-db:
      - voidme:
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
          username: root
          password: root
          url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.42.153:3306/voidme?characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&maxReconnects=10&useSSL=false
      - xcdef:
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
          username: root
          password: root
          url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.42.153:3306/xcdef?characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&maxReconnects=10&useSSL=false


mybatis:
  #1.classpath：只會(huì)到你的classes路徑中查找找文件。
  #2.classpath*：不僅會(huì)到classes路徑，還包括jar文件中(classes路徑)進(jìn)行查找。
  mapper-locations: classpath*:/mapper/**/*Mapper.xml    # mapper映射文件位置
  type-aliases-package: com.**.entity    # 實(shí)體類所在的位置
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl   #用于控制臺(tái)打印sql語句
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true #開啟將帶有下劃線的表字段 映射為駝峰格式的實(shí)體類屬性

核心代碼

DynamicDataSource

這個(gè)類用于獲取數(shù)據(jù)源的(核心)

package com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    @Value("${spring.datasource.default-db-key}")
    private String defaultDbKey;

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        String currentDb = DynamicDataSourceService.currentDb();
        if (currentDb == null) {
            return defaultDbKey;
        }
        return currentDb;
    }
}

DynamicDataSourceService

這個(gè)類是數(shù)據(jù)源切換工具,我們做了線程隔離了所以不用擔(dān)心多線程數(shù)據(jù)源會(huì)混亂的問題

package com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic;

import com.application.ApplicationContextProvider;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class DynamicDataSourceService  {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceService.class);

    private static final Map<Object, Object> dataSources = new HashMap<>();
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> dbKeys = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> null);

    /**
     * 動(dòng)態(tài)添加一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源
     *
     * @param name       數(shù)據(jù)源的key
     * @param dataSource 數(shù)據(jù)源對象
     */
    public static void addDataSource(String name, DataSource dataSource) {
        DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = ApplicationContextProvider.getApplicationContext().getBean(DynamicDataSource.class);
        dataSources.put(name, dataSource);
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dataSources);
        dynamicDataSource.afterPropertiesSet();
        log.info("添加了數(shù)據(jù)源:{}",name);
    }

    /**
     * @param name   數(shù)據(jù)源的key
     * @param driverClassName  驅(qū)動(dòng)
     * @param url     數(shù)據(jù)庫連接地址
     * @param username   數(shù)據(jù)庫賬戶
     * @param password   數(shù)據(jù)庫密碼
     */
    public static void addDataSource(String name, String driverClassName,String url,String username,String password) {
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(driverClassName);
        builder.username(username);
        builder.password(password);
        builder.url(url);
        addDataSource(name,builder.build());
        log.info("添加了數(shù)據(jù)源:{}",name);
    }
    /**
     * 切換數(shù)據(jù)源
     */
    public static void switchDb(String dbKey) {
        dbKeys.set(dbKey);
    }

    /**
     * 重置數(shù)據(jù)源(切換為默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)源)
     */
    public static void resetDb() {
        dbKeys.remove();
    }

    /**
     * 獲取當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)源的key
     */
    public static String currentDb() {
        return dbKeys.get();
    }
}

DynamicDataSourceConfig

將數(shù)據(jù)源配置到springboot中和初始化Mybaitis配置

package com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic;

import lombok.Data;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybatis")
@Data
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {

    private String mapperLocations;
    private String typeAliasesPackage;
    @Data
    public class MybatisConfiguration{
        private String logImpl;
        private boolean mapUnderscoreToCamelCase;
    }
    private  MybatisConfiguration configuration=new MybatisConfiguration();


    /**
     * 動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)源
     */
    @Bean
    public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource() {
        DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
        dataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        return dataSource;
    }

    /**
     * 會(huì)話工廠Mybaitis
     */
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration = new org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration();
        configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(this.configuration.isMapUnderscoreToCamelCase()); //開啟駝峰命名
        configuration.setLogImpl((Class<? extends Log>) Class.forName(this.configuration.getLogImpl())); //控制臺(tái)打印sql日志
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource());
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setConfiguration(configuration);
        PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage(typeAliasesPackage);
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean;
    }

    /**
     * 事務(wù)管理器
     */
    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource());
    }
}

加載YML數(shù)據(jù)庫配置類

package com.dynamicdatadource.config;

import com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic.DynamicDataSourceService;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

@Component
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public class YmlDataSourceProvider  {

    private List<Map<String, DataSourceProperties>> multiDb;

    private DataSource buildDataSource(DataSourceProperties prop) {
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(prop.getDriverClassName());
        builder.username(prop.getUsername());
        builder.password(prop.getPassword());
        builder.url(prop.getUrl());
        return builder.build();
    }

    public void initDataSource() {
        multiDb.forEach(map -> {
            Set<String> keys = map.keySet();
            keys.forEach(key -> {
                DataSourceProperties properties = map.get(key);
                DataSource dataSource = buildDataSource(properties);
                DynamicDataSourceService.addDataSource(key, dataSource);
            });
        });
    }

    //在構(gòu)造函數(shù)之后執(zhí)行
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        initDataSource();
    }
}

aop切換

package com.dynamicdatadource.aop;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})//作用:方法和類
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DynamicDataSourceAnno {
    String key() default "";
}


package com.dynamicdatadource.aop;
import com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic.DynamicDataSourceService;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

// 用于單獨(dú)的請求或者類進(jìn)行切換數(shù)據(jù)庫
@Aspect
@Component
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect {
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.dynamicdatadource.aop.DynamicDataSourceAnno)")
    public void dynamicDataSourceAnno() {
    }

    @Around("dynamicDataSourceAnno()")
    public Object DynamicDataSourceAspectAroundAnno(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
        Object object = null;
        try {
            MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)joinPoint.getSignature();
            DynamicDataSourceAnno dynamicDataSourceAnno  = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(DynamicDataSourceAnno.class);
            String key = dynamicDataSourceAnno.key();
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(key)) {
                //切換為指定數(shù)據(jù)庫
                DynamicDataSourceService.switchDb(key);
            }
            object = joinPoint.proceed();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //還原為默認(rèn)配置
            DynamicDataSourceService.resetDb();
        }
        return object;
    }
    // 還可以擴(kuò)展包路徑切換
}

效果

運(yùn)行程序之后,就會(huì)將數(shù)據(jù)源加入到數(shù)據(jù)源列表中了

擴(kuò)展

MysqlDataSourceInitialize

從數(shù)據(jù)庫中將配置信息查詢出來,然后動(dòng)態(tài)添加到數(shù)據(jù)源列表中

package com.dao.config;

import com.dao.DatasourceDao;
import com.dynamicdatadource.aop.DynamicDataSourceAnno;
import com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic.DynamicDataSourceService;
import com.entity.DataSourceEneity;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;

//從數(shù)據(jù)庫中查詢出全部的數(shù)據(jù)源,添加到數(shù)據(jù)源容器中

/**
 * 表結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
 *
 * CREATE TABLE `t_datasource` (
 *   `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
 *   `key` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '綁定的key,用于數(shù)據(jù)源的切換',
 *   `url` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '數(shù)據(jù)庫連接地址',
 *   `username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶名',
 *   `password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '數(shù)據(jù)庫密碼',
 *   `driverClassName` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '數(shù)據(jù)庫驅(qū)動(dòng)',
 *   `type` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '數(shù)據(jù)庫類型:  mysql ,oracle,..',
 *   `state` int(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否可用: 1可用 ,2不可用',
 *   PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 *   UNIQUE KEY `key` (`key`)
 * ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
 *
 * 上表要放入到默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)源中的數(shù)據(jù)庫里才行
 */
@Component
public class MysqlDataSourceInitialize implements ApplicationRunner  {

    @Autowired
    private DatasourceDao datasourceDao;

    //項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)后執(zhí)行初始化數(shù)據(jù)源
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        try {
            List<DataSourceEneity> dataSources = datasourceDao.getDataSources();
            for (DataSourceEneity dataSource : dataSources) {
                DynamicDataSourceService.addDataSource(dataSource.getKey(),dataSource.getDataSource());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

DataSourceEneity實(shí)體類

@Data
public class DataSourceEneity {
    private int id;
    private String key;
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String driverClassName;
    private String type;
    private int state;

    public  DataSource getDataSource() {
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(driverClassName);
        builder.username(username);
        builder.password(password);
        builder.url(url);
        return  builder.build();
    }
}

總結(jié)

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