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C++詳細(xì)實(shí)現(xiàn)完整圖書管理功能

 更新時(shí)間：2022年05月05日 15:06:29   作者：工藤學(xué)編程  
隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用的普及，利用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)圖書館的日常工作進(jìn)行管理勢(shì)在必行，本篇文章涵蓋一個(gè)圖書管理系統(tǒng)的全部實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼,大家可以查缺補(bǔ)漏，提升水平

圖書管理系統(tǒng)功能概覽：

  • 登錄，注冊(cè)
  • 學(xué)生,老師借書，查看自己當(dāng)前借書情況，還書。
  • 管理員增加書，查看當(dāng)前借閱情況，查看當(dāng)前所有借閱人，圖書信息。

代碼概覽：

各個(gè)模塊主要負(fù)責(zé)功能

COperationManagement.h  負(fù)責(zé)登錄，注冊(cè)，管理員，將圖書，初始化操作，將借閱信息等從文件中讀取出來，放入容器中，便于操作，不用一直對(duì)文件進(jìn)行I/O.
 CBook.h  用于對(duì)書抽象，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了>>的重載，便于文件讀入，讀出
 CUser.h  工具人，作為老師，學(xué)生的父類
 CStudent.h  對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行的抽象
 CTeacher.h 對(duì)老師進(jìn)行的抽象
 CAdministrator.h 對(duì)管理的抽象
 CManagementBooks.h  用戶所有的相關(guān)操作的中間執(zhí)行者，有設(shè)計(jì)模式中代理的思想
 源.cpp  界面的的實(shí)現(xiàn)與系統(tǒng)入口

說明：代碼100%完整，如果大家不想CV，也可以私聊我發(fā)你完整代碼，還有就是文件讀入建議大家都直接放在相應(yīng)項(xiàng)目里面，不然就寫絕對(duì)路徑。有問題歡迎大家在評(píng)論區(qū)提問，喜歡就點(diǎn)個(gè)贊咯！

全部代碼與講解:

1.源.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"CBook.h"
#include"CStudent.h"
#include"CManagementBooks.h"
#include"CTeacher.h"
#include<fstream>
#include"CAdministrator.h"
#include"COperationManagement.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	CManagementBooks mb;
	CUser* user = nullptr;
	COperationManagement om;
	om.init(mb);
	cout << "***** 歡迎來到圖書館 *****" << endl;
	cout << "注意事項(xiàng)" << endl;
	cout << "1.學(xué)生最多共可借三本書,老師最多共可借五本"<<endl<<endl;
	cout << "請(qǐng)選擇您的登錄方式 1:老師 2:學(xué)生 3:管理員" << endl;
	int t;
	cin >> t;
	if (t == 1)
	{
		user = new CTeacher;
	}
	else if(t == 2)
	{
		user = new CStudent;
	}
	else if(t == 3)
	{
		CAdministrator admin;
		om.adminLogin(admin);
		admin.showInfo();
		om.adminOperation(admin, mb);
		return 0;
	}
	cout << "您是否已有賬號(hào)？(y/n):" << endl;
	string c;
	cin >> c;
	if (c == "y")
	{
		cout << "請(qǐng)登錄:" << endl;
		om.login(user,t);
		user->showInfo();
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "來注冊(cè)一個(gè)吧!" << endl;
		om.Register(user,t);
	}
	om.userOperation(user, mb);
	delete user;
	return 0;
}

實(shí)現(xiàn)效果：

2.COperationManagement.cpp

#include "COperationManagement.h"
void COperationManagement::login(CUser* user, int t)
{
	ifstream readFile;
	ifstream readFile1;
	if (t == 1)
	{
		readFile.open("teacherLogin.txt");
		readFile1.open("teacher.txt");
	}
	else
	{
		readFile1.open("student.txt");
		readFile.open("studentLogin.txt");
	}
	if (!readFile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "登錄數(shù)據(jù)讀取錯(cuò)誤" << endl;
	}
	if (!readFile1.is_open())
	{
		cout << "用戶數(shù)據(jù)讀取錯(cuò)誤" << endl;
	}
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您的學(xué)工號(hào):" << endl;
	string account, password;
	cin >> account;
	int flag = 0;
	while (!readFile.eof())
	{
		string act;
		readFile >> act;
		if (act == account)
		{
			cout << "請(qǐng)輸入密碼:" << endl;
			cin >> password;
			string pwd;
			readFile >> pwd;
			if (pwd == password)
			{
				cout << "登錄成功" << endl;
				flag = 1;
				while (!readFile1.eof())
				{
					readFile1 >> user;
					if(user->getId() == act)
					{
						break;
					}
				}
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "密碼錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新登錄" << endl;
				login(user, t);
			}
		}
	}
	if (!flag)
	{
		cout << "學(xué)工號(hào)錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重輸入" << endl;
		login(user, t);
	}
	readFile.close();
	readFile1.close();
}
void COperationManagement::Register(CUser* user, int t)
{
	ofstream writeFile;
	ofstream writeFile1;
	if (t == 1)
	{
		writeFile1.open("teacher.txt", ios::app);
		writeFile.open("teacherLogin.txt",ios::app);
	}
	else
	{
		writeFile1.open("student.txt", ios::app);
		writeFile.open("studentLogin.txt",ios::app);
	}
	string pwd, act;
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您的學(xué)工號(hào)作為注冊(cè)賬號(hào):" << endl;
	cin >> act;
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您的注冊(cè)密碼:" << endl;
	cin >> pwd;
	writeFile << endl << act << " " << pwd;
	cout << "請(qǐng)完善您的相應(yīng)信息:" << endl;
	string  name, department, gender;
	cout << "您的姓名:" << endl;
	cin >> name;
	cout << "您的性別:" << endl;
	cin >> gender;
	cout << "您所在的院系:" << endl;
	cin >> department;
	writeFile1 <<endl << act << " " << name << " " << gender << " " << department;//這里不能用user,因?yàn)樵诘卿洉r(shí)才用，并且并沒有初始化
	writeFile.close();
	writeFile1.close();
	cout << "注冊(cè)成功！ 趕緊登錄進(jìn)入圖書管吧!" << endl;
	login(user, t);
}
void COperationManagement::userOperation(CUser* user, CManagementBooks mb)
{
	while (1)
	{
		cout << "請(qǐng)選擇您的操作 1.借書 2.查看自己當(dāng)前借書情況 3.還書 4.退出" << endl;
		int t;
		cin >> t;
		if (t == 1)
		{
			cout << "當(dāng)前圖書館情況如下：" << endl;
			mb.showCurrentAllBook();
			cout << "是否有您想要借閱的圖書(y/n)" << endl;
			string s;
			cin >> s;
			if (s == "y")
			{
				user->borrowBookFromLibrary(mb);
			}
		}
		else if (t == 2)
		{
			mb.checkBorrowedBook(user->getId());
		}
		else if (t == 3)
		{
			user->returnBook(mb);
		}
		else if (t == 4)
		{
			cout << "退出成功" << endl;
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "暫無此操作，請(qǐng)按提示操作" << endl;
		}
	}
}
void COperationManagement::adminLogin(CAdministrator& admin)
{
	ifstream readFile("adminLogin.txt");
	ifstream readFile1("admin.txt");
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您的工號(hào):" << endl;
	string account, password;
	cin >> account;
	int flag = 0;
	while (!readFile.eof())
	{
		string act;
		readFile >> act;
		if (act == account)
		{
			cout << "請(qǐng)輸入密碼:" << endl;
			cin >> password;
			string pwd;
			readFile >> pwd;
			if (pwd == password)
			{
				cout << "登錄成功,歡迎您" << endl;
				flag = 1;
				while (!readFile1.eof())
				{
					readFile1 >> admin;
					if(admin.getId() == act)
					{
						break;
					}
				}
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "密碼錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新登錄" << endl;
				adminLogin(admin);
			}
		}
	}
	if (!flag)
	{
		cout << "學(xué)工號(hào)錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重輸入" << endl;
		adminLogin(admin);
	}
	readFile.close();
	readFile1.close();
}
void COperationManagement::init(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
	mb.initBooks();
	mb.initOutBook();
}
void COperationManagement::adminOperation(CAdministrator admin, CManagementBooks mb)
{
	while (1)
	{
		cout << "請(qǐng)選擇您的操作 1.增加書 2.查看當(dāng)前借閱情況 3.查看當(dāng)前所有圖書信息情況 4.查看借閱人詳細(xì)信息 5.退出" << endl;
		int t;
		cin >> t;
		if (t == 1)
		{
			admin.addBook(mb);
		}
		else if (t == 2)
		{
			mb.checekOutBook();
		}
		else if (t == 3)
		{
			mb.showAllBooksInfo();
		}
		else if (t == 4)
		{
			string id;
			cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您要查看借閱人的學(xué)工號(hào):" << endl;
			cin >> id;
			mb.viewBorrowerDetails(id);
		}
		else if (t == 5)
		{
			cout << "退出成功" << endl;
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "暫無此操作，請(qǐng)按提示操作" << endl;
		}
	}
}

登錄效果：

其余功能大家可以自行測(cè)試。

CUser.cpp

#include "CUser.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include"CManagementBooks.h"
using namespace std;
CUser::CUser()
{
    m_name = "陳1";
}
void CUser::setId(string id)
{
    m_id = id;
}
void CUser::setName(string name)
{
    m_name = name;
}
void CUser::setGender(string gender)
{
    m_gender = gender;
}
void CUser::setDepartment(string department)
{
    m_department = department;
}
CUser::~CUser()
{
}
void CUser::returnBook(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
    int all = mb.checkBorrowedBook(m_id);
    if (all == 0)
    {
        cout << "您暫未借書,無需歸還" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您要?dú)w還的書名:" << endl;
        string bookName;
        cin >> bookName;
        if (mb.checkTrueBorrow(m_id, bookName))
        {
            mb.Return(m_id, bookName);
            cout << "還書成功" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "您并未借閱此書" << endl;
        }
    }
}
string CUser::getId()
{
    return m_id;
}
string CUser::getName()
{
    return m_name;
}
string CUser::getGender()
{
    return m_gender;
}
string CUser::getDepartment()
{
    return m_department;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const CUser* user)
{
    os<< endl << user->m_id << " " << user->m_name << " " << user->m_gender << " " << user->m_department;
    return os;
}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, CUser* user)
{
   is >> user->m_id >> user->m_name >> user->m_gender >> user->m_department;
   return is;
}

CTeacher.cpp

#include "CTeacher.h"
#include<fstream>
CTeacher::CTeacher()
{
    m_name = "劉X";
}
void CTeacher::borrowBookFromLibrary(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
        int all = mb.checkBorrowedBook(m_id);
        if (all < 5)
        {
            string name;
            cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您要借的書名:" << endl;
            cin >> name;
            if (mb.borrow(name))
            {
                ofstream writeFile("borrowedBook.txt", ios::app);
                mb.setMapValue(m_id, name);
                writeFile << endl << m_id << " " << name;
                writeFile.close();
            }
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "您已經(jīng)超過了最大可借閱數(shù)" << endl;
        }
}
void CTeacher::showInfo()
{
    cout << "姓名:" << m_name<<" " << "學(xué)號(hào):" << m_id<<" " << "性別:" << m_gender<<" " << "院系:" << m_department << endl;
}

CStudent.cpp

#include "CStudent.h"
#include<fstream>
using  namespace std;
CStudent::CStudent()
{
    m_class = "軟件";
}
void CStudent::showInfo()
{
    cout << "姓名:" << m_name << " " << "學(xué)號(hào):" << m_id << " " << "性別:" << m_gender << " " << "院系:" << m_department << " "<<"班級(jí):"<<m_class<<endl;
}
void CStudent::borrowBookFromLibrary(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
    int all = mb.checkBorrowedBook(m_id);
    if (all < 3)
    {
        string name;
        cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您要借的書名:" << endl;
        cin >> name;
        if (mb.borrow(name))
        {
            ofstream writeFile("borrowedBook.txt", ios::app);
            mb.setMapValue(m_id, name);
            writeFile << endl << m_id << " " << name;
            writeFile.close();
        }
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "您已經(jīng)超過了最大可借閱數(shù)" << endl;
    }
}
void CStudent::setClass(string Class)
{
    m_class = Class;
}
string CStudent::getClass()
{
    return m_class;
}

CManagementBooks.cpp

#include "CManagementBooks.h"
using namespace std;
void CManagementBooks::showCurrentAllBook()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
	{
		cout << "書名:" << m_books[i].getName() <<" " << "剩余數(shù)量" << m_books[i].getNum() << endl;
	}
}
CManagementBooks::CManagementBooks()
{
	m_allBookNum = 0;
}
void CManagementBooks::addBook(CBook book)
{
	int flag = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
	{
		if (m_books[i].getName() == book.getName())
		{
			flag = 1;
			m_books[i].setNum(m_books[i].getNum() + book.getNum());
			ofstream writeFile("library.txt", ios::out);
			for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
			{
				writeFile << m_books[i];
			}
			writeFile.close();
			break;
		}
	}
	if (!flag)
	{
		ofstream writeFile("library.txt", ios::app);
		m_books.push_back(book);
		m_allBookNum++;
		writeFile << book;
		writeFile.close();
	}
}
int CManagementBooks::getAllBookNum()
{
	return m_allBookNum;
}
void CManagementBooks::showAllBooksInfo()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
	{
		m_books[i].showInfo();
	}
}
bool CManagementBooks::borrow(string name)
{
	for (int i =0; i <m_allBookNum; i++)
	{
		if (m_books[i].getName() == name)
		{
			if (m_books[i].getNum() >= 1)
			{
				m_books[i].setNum(m_books[i].getNum() - 1);
				cout << "借書成功" << endl;
				ofstream writeFile("library.txt");
				for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
				{
					writeFile << m_books[i];
				}
				writeFile.close();
				return true;
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "此書數(shù)量不足" << endl;
				return false;
			}
		}
	}
	cout << "很抱歉，暫無此書" << endl;
	return false;
}
void CManagementBooks::Return(string id,string bookName)
{
	CBook book;
	book.setName(bookName);
	addBook(book);
	ofstream writeFile("borrowedBook.txt",ios::out);
	for (auto iter =m_outBookMap.begin(); iter != m_outBookMap.end(); ++iter)
	{
		if (iter->first == id && iter->second == bookName)
		{
			m_outBookMap.erase(iter);
			break;
		}
	}
	for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
	{
		writeFile << endl << map.first << " " << map.second;
	}
	writeFile.close();
}
void CManagementBooks::initOutBook()
{
	ifstream readFile("borrowedBook.txt");
	if (!readFile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "查看全體借書情況數(shù)據(jù)讀取出錯(cuò)" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		while (!readFile.eof())
		{
			string studentId, bookName;
			readFile >> studentId >> bookName;
			m_outBookMap.insert(pair<string, string>(studentId, bookName));
		}
	}
	readFile.close();
}
void CManagementBooks::checekOutBook()
{
	for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
	{
		cout << "借閱人學(xué)工號(hào):" << map.first<<" " << "借閱書名:" << map.second << endl;
	}
}
void CManagementBooks::initBooks()
{
	ifstream readFile;
	readFile.open("library.txt");
	if (!readFile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "圖書數(shù)據(jù)讀取錯(cuò)誤" << endl;
		readFile.close();
		return;
	}
	while (!readFile.eof())
	{
		CBook book;
		readFile >> book;
		m_allBookNum++;
		m_books.push_back(book);
	}
	readFile.close();
}
int CManagementBooks::checkBorrowedBook(string userId)
{
	int flag = 0;
	for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
	{
		if (userId == map.first)
		{
			if (!flag)
			{
				cout << "您已經(jīng)借的全部圖書如下：" << endl;
				flag++;
			}
			else
			{
				flag++;
			}
			cout << map.second << " ";
		}
	}
	if (!flag)
	{
		cout << "您目前沒有借書" << endl;
	}
	cout << "共：" << flag << "本";
	cout << endl;
	return flag;
}
void CManagementBooks::viewBorrowerDetails(string id)
{
	ifstream readFile("teacher.txt");
	ifstream readFile1("student.txt");
	int flag = 0;
	if (!readFile1.is_open()|| !readFile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "用戶數(shù)據(jù)讀取錯(cuò)誤" << endl;
	}
	while (!readFile1.eof())
	{
		string act1, name, department, gender;
		readFile1 >> act1 >> name >> gender >> department;
		if (id == act1)
		{
			cout<<"用戶類別:"<<"學(xué)生"<<" " << "用戶姓名:" << name << " " << "用戶性別:" << gender << " " << "用戶所在部門:" << department << endl;
			flag = 1;
		}
	}
	if (!flag)
	{
		while (!readFile.eof())
		{
			string act1, name, department, gender;
			readFile >> act1 >> name >> gender >> department;
			if (id == act1)
			{
				flag = 1;
				cout << "用戶類別:"<<"老師"<<" " << "用戶姓名:" << name << " " << "用戶性別:" << gender << " " << "用戶所在部門:" << department << endl;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!flag)
	{
		cout << "無此用戶！" << endl;
	}
	readFile.close();
	readFile1.close();
}
bool CManagementBooks::checkTrueBorrow(string id, string bookName)
{
	for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
	{
		if (map.first == id && map.second == bookName)
		{
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}
void CManagementBooks::setMapValue(string userId,string bookName)
{
	m_outBookMap.insert(pair<string, string>(userId, bookName));
}

CBook.cpp

#include "CBook.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
CBook::CBook()
{
	string b = "";
	string randStr = "0123456789X";
	for (int i = 0; i <= 12; i++)
	{
		if (i == 1 || i == 5 || i == 11)
		{
			b += '-';
		}
		else
		{
			if (i == 12)
			{
				b += randStr[rand() % 11];
			}
			else
			{
				b += randStr[rand() % 10];
			}
		}
	}
	m_num = 1;
	m_name = "等待戈多";
	m_author = "李XX";
	m_isbn = b;
	m_page = rand();
	m_pressInfo = "XX出版社";
	m_price = rand();
}
void CBook::setNum(int num)
{
	m_num = num;
}
int CBook::getNum()
{
	return m_num;
}
void CBook::setName(string name)
{
	m_name = name;
}
string CBook::getName()
{
	return m_name;
}
void CBook::setIsbn(string isbn)
{
	m_isbn = isbn;
}
string CBook::getIsbn()
{
	return m_isbn;
}
void CBook::setPressInfo(string perssInfo)
{ 
	m_pressInfo = perssInfo;
}
string CBook::getPressInfo()
{
	return m_pressInfo;
}
void CBook::setPrice(double price)
{
	m_price = price;
}
double CBook::getPrice()
{
	return m_price;
}
void CBook::setPage(int page)
{
	m_page = page;
}
int CBook::getPage()
{
	return m_page;
}
void CBook::setAuthor(string author)
{
	m_author = author;
}
string CBook::getAuthor()
{
	return m_author;
}
void CBook::checkIsnb()
{
	int sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0, j = 1; i < m_isbn.size(); i++) {
		if (m_isbn[i] != '-' && i != 12) {
			sum += (m_isbn[i] - '0') * j;
			j++;
		}
	}
	sum %= 11;
	char c = 'X';
	if (sum < 10) c = sum + '0';
	if (m_isbn[12] == c) puts("This book isbn are Right!");
	else puts("This book isbn are wrong!");
}
bool CBook::isBorrowed()
{
	if (m_num >= 1)
	{
		m_num--;
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
void CBook::showInfo()
{
	cout<<"作者:" << m_author << " "<<"isbn號(hào)碼:" << m_isbn << " " <<"書本名稱:"<< m_name << " "
		<<"總頁數(shù):" << m_page << " " <<"出版社:" << m_pressInfo << " " <<"價(jià)格:" << m_price
		<< " " <<"剩余本數(shù):"<<m_num<< endl;
}
std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const CBook& book)
{
	os << endl <<book.m_name << " " <<book.m_isbn << " " << book.m_pressInfo << " " <<book.m_price << " " << book.m_page << " " << book.m_author << " " << book.m_num;
	return os;
}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, CBook& book)
{
	is >> book.m_name >> book.m_isbn >> book.m_pressInfo >> book.m_price >>book.m_page >> book.m_author >> book.m_num;
	return is;
}

CAdministrator.cpp

#include "CAdministrator.h"
void CAdministrator::addBook(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
	CBook book;
	cout << "當(dāng)前圖書館情況如下" << endl;
	mb.showAllBooksInfo();
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入您要增加的圖書信息:" << endl;
	string name, author;
	double price;
	int num;
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入增加的圖書書名：" << endl;
	cin >> name;
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入增加的圖書的作者：" << endl;
	cin >> author;
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入增加的圖書價(jià)格：" << endl;
	cin >> price;
	cout << "請(qǐng)輸入增加的圖書的本書：" << endl;
	cin >> num;
	book.setName(name);
	book.setAuthor(author);
	book.setNum(num);
	book.setPrice(price);
	mb.addBook(book);
	cout << "新增圖書成功" << endl;
}
void  CAdministrator::setId(string id)
{
	m_id = id;
}
void CAdministrator::setName(string name)
{
	m_name = name;
}
void CAdministrator::setGender(string gender)
{
	m_gender = gender;
}
void CAdministrator::setDepartment(string department)
{
	m_department = department;
}
void CAdministrator::showInfo()
{
	cout << "姓名:" << m_name << " " << "工號(hào):" << m_id << " " << "性別:" << m_gender << " " << "部門:" << m_department <<endl;
}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, CAdministrator& admin)
{
	is >> admin.m_id >> admin.m_name >> admin.m_gender >> admin.m_department;
	return is;
}
string CAdministrator::getId()
{
	return m_id;
}
string CAdministrator::getName()
{
	return m_name;
}
string  CAdministrator::getGender()
{
	return m_gender;
}
string  CAdministrator::getDepartment()
{
	return m_department;
}

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