使用?Loki?實現?Kubernetes?容器日志監(jiān)控的方法
更新時間：2022年05月17日 15:50:10 作者：愿許浪盡天涯
Loki?是由?Grafana?Labs?團隊開發(fā)的，基于?Go?語言實現，是一個水平可擴展，高可用性，多租戶的日志聚合系統(tǒng)。它的設計非常經濟高效且易于操作，這篇文章主要介紹了使用?Loki?實現?Kubernetes?容器日志監(jiān)控的相關知識，感興趣的朋友一起看看吧
一、基本介紹
Loki 是由 Grafana Labs 團隊開發(fā)的，基于 Go 語言實現，是一個水平可擴展，高可用性，多租戶的日志聚合系統(tǒng)。它的設計非常經濟高效且易于操作，因為它不會為日志內容編制索引，而是為每個日志流配置一組標簽。Loki 項目受 Prometheus 啟發(fā)。
官方的介紹就是：Like Prometheus, but for logs，類似于 Prometheus 的日志系統(tǒng)。
1.Loki 架構
Loki：主服務，用于存儲日志和處理查詢。Promtail：代理服務，用于采集日志，并轉發(fā)給 Loki。Grafana：通過 Web 界面來提供數據展示、查詢、告警等功能。
2.Loki 工作原理
首先由 Promtail 進行日志采集，并發(fā)送給 Distributor 組件，Distributor 組件會對接收到的日志流進行正確性校驗，并將驗證后的日志分批并行發(fā)送給 Ingester 組件。Ingester 組件會將接收過來的日志流構建成數據塊，并進行壓縮后存放到所連接的后端存儲中。
Querier 組件，用于接收 HTTP 查詢請求，并將查詢請求轉發(fā)給 Ingester 組件，來返回存在 Ingester 內存中的數據。要是在 Ingester 的內存中沒有找到符合條件的數據時，那么 Querier 組件便會直接在后端存儲中進行查詢（內置去重功能）。
二、使用 Loki 實現容器日志監(jiān)控
1.安裝 Loki
1）創(chuàng)建 RBAC 授權
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat <<END > loki-rbac.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: logging --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: loki namespace: logging --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: name: loki namespace: logging rules: - apiGroups: ["extensions"] resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"] verbs: ["use"] resourceNames: [loki] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: loki namespace: logging roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: loki subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: loki END [root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f loki-rbac.yaml
2）創(chuàng)建 ConfigMap 文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat <<END > loki-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
labels:
app: loki
data:
loki.yaml: |
auth_enabled: false
ingester:
chunk_idle_period: 3m
chunk_block_size: 262144
chunk_retain_period: 1m
max_transfer_retries: 0
lifecycler:
ring:
kvstore:
store: inmemory
replication_factor: 1
limits_config:
enforce_metric_name: false
reject_old_samples: true
reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h
schema_config:
configs:
- from: "2022-05-15"
store: boltdb-shipper
object_store: filesystem
schema: v11
index:
prefix: index_
period: 24h
server:
http_listen_port: 3100
storage_config:
boltdb_shipper:
active_index_directory: /data/loki/boltdb-shipper-active
cache_location: /data/loki/boltdb-shipper-cache
cache_ttl: 24h
shared_store: filesystem
filesystem:
directory: /data/loki/chunks
chunk_store_config:
max_look_back_period: 0s
table_manager:
retention_deletes_enabled: true
retention_period: 48h
compactor:
working_directory: /data/loki/boltdb-shipper-compactor
shared_store: filesystem
END
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f loki-configmap.yaml
3）創(chuàng)建 StatefulSet
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat <<END > loki-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
labels:
app: loki
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 3100
protocol: TCP
name: http-metrics
targetPort: http-metrics
nodePort: 30100
selector:
app: loki
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
labels:
app: loki
spec:
podManagementPolicy: OrderedReady
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: loki
serviceName: loki
updateStrategy:
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: loki
spec:
serviceAccountName: loki
initContainers:
- name: chmod-data
image: busybox:1.28.4
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command: ["chmod","-R","777","/loki/data"]
volumeMounts:
- name: storage
mountPath: /loki/data
containers:
- name: loki
image: grafana/loki:2.3.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- -config.file=/etc/loki/loki.yaml
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/loki
- name: storage
mountPath: /data
ports:
- name: http-metrics
containerPort: 3100
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: http-metrics
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 45
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: http-metrics
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 45
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 4800
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: loki
- name: storage
hostPath:
path: /app/loki
END
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f loki-statefulset.yaml
2.安裝 Promtail
1）創(chuàng)建 RBAC 授權文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat <<END > promtail-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: loki-promtail
labels:
app: promtail
namespace: logging
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
app: promtail
name: promtail-clusterrole
namespace: logging
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["nodes","nodes/proxy","services","endpoints","pods"]
verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: promtail-clusterrolebinding
labels:
app: promtail
namespace: logging
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: loki-promtail
namespace: logging
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: promtail-clusterrole
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
END
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f promtail-rbac.yaml
2）創(chuàng)建 ConfigMap 文件
Promtail 配置文件：官方介紹
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat <<"END" > promtail-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: loki-promtail
namespace: logging
labels:
app: promtail
data:
promtail.yaml: |
client:
backoff_config:
max_period: 5m
max_retries: 10
min_period: 500ms
batchsize: 1048576
batchwait: 1s
external_labels: {}
timeout: 10s
positions:
filename: /run/promtail/positions.yaml
server:
http_listen_port: 3101
target_config:
sync_period: 10s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-name
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-app
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: .+
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-direct-controllers
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: .+
separator: ''
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app
- action: drop
regex: '[0-9a-z-.]+-[0-9a-f]{8,10}'
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-indirect-controller
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: .+
separator: ''
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app
- action: keep
regex: '[0-9a-z-.]+-[0-9a-f]{8,10}'
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
- action: replace
regex: '([0-9a-z-.]+)-[0-9a-f]{8,10}'
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-static
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_kubernetes_io_config_mirror
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_component
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_kubernetes_io_config_mirror
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
END
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f promtail-configmap.yaml
3）創(chuàng)建 DaemonSet 文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat <<END > promtail-daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: loki-promtail
namespace: logging
labels:
app: promtail
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: promtail
updateStrategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: promtail
spec:
serviceAccountName: loki-promtail
containers:
- name: promtail
image: grafana/promtail:2.3.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- -config.file=/etc/promtail/promtail.yaml
- -client.url=http://192.168.1.1:30100/loki/api/v1/push
env:
- name: HOSTNAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
apiVersion: v1
fieldPath: spec.nodeName
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/promtail
name: config
- mountPath: /run/promtail
name: run
- mountPath: /data/k8s/docker/data/containers
name: docker
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var/log/pods
name: pods
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 3101
name: http-metrics
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsGroup: 0
runAsUser: 0
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: http-metrics
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
tolerations:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: loki-promtail
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/promtail
type: ""
- name: docker
hostPath:
path: /data/k8s/docker/data/containers
- name: pods
hostPath:
path: /var/log/pods
END
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f promtail-daemonset.yaml
4）Promtail 關鍵配置
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /data/k8s/docker/data/containers
name: docker
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var/log/pods
name: pods
readOnly: true
volumes:
- name: docker
hostPath:
path: /data/k8s/docker/data/containers
- name: pods
hostPath:
path: /var/log/pods這里需要注意，hostPath 和 mountPath 配置的路徑要相同（這里說的相同指的是，要和宿主機的容器目錄相同），因為 Promtail 在讀取容器內的日志時，會通過 K8s 的 API 接口來返回容器信息（通過源路徑取的）。如果配置的不同，將會導致 httpGet 檢查失敗。
輸出：Not ready: Unable to find any logs to tail. Please verify permissions, volumes, scrape_config, etc. 信息，原因可能就是因為掛載路徑沒有匹配上，導致 Promtail tail 不到日志文件?？梢韵仁謩訉⒕途w檢查關閉，來查看 Promtail 容器的日志。
3.安裝 Grafana
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat <<END > grafana-deploy.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: grafana
labels:
app: grafana
namespace: logging
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: grafana/grafana:8.4.7
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
env:
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "false"
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 200Mi
limits:
cpu: '1'
memory: 2Gi
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /login
port: 3000
volumeMounts:
- name: storage
mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
volumes:
- name: storage
hostPath:
path: /app/grafana
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: grafana
labels:
app: grafana
namespace: logging
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 3000
targetPort: 3000
nodePort: 30030
selector:
app: grafana
END
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /app/grafana
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chmod -R 777 /app/grafana
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f grafana-deploy.yaml
4.驗證
訪問 Grafana 控制臺：http://192.168.1.1:30030（賬號密碼：admin/admin）
1）配置數據源
2）選擇 Loki 數據源
3）配置 Loki 的 URL 地址
4）驗證
到此這篇關于使用 Loki 實現 Kubernetes 容器日志監(jiān)控的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Kubernetes 日志監(jiān)控內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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