springboot?+rabbitmq+redis實現(xiàn)秒殺示例
實現(xiàn)說明
這里的核心在于如何在大并發(fā)的情況下保證數(shù)據(jù)庫能扛得住壓力,因為大并發(fā)的瓶頸在于數(shù)據(jù)庫。如果用戶的請求直接從前端傳到數(shù)據(jù)庫,顯然,數(shù)據(jù)庫是無法承受幾十萬上百萬甚至上千萬的并發(fā)量的。因此,我們能做的只能是減少對數(shù)據(jù)庫的訪問。例如,前端發(fā)出了100萬個請求,通過我們的處理,最終只有10個會訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫,這樣就會大大提升系統(tǒng)性能。再針對秒殺這種場景,因為秒殺商品的數(shù)量是有限的,因此采用上述實現(xiàn)方案。
假如,某個商品可秒殺的數(shù)量是10,那么在秒殺活動開始之前,把商品的ID和數(shù)量加載到Redis緩存。當(dāng)服務(wù)端收到請求時,首先預(yù)減Redis中的數(shù)量,如果數(shù)量減到小于0時,那么隨后的訪問直接返回秒殺失敗的信息。也就是說,最終只有10個請求會去訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫。
如果商品數(shù)量比較多,比如1萬件商品參與秒殺,那么就有1萬*10=10萬個請求并發(fā)去訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫,數(shù)據(jù)庫的壓力還是會很大。這里就用到了另外一個非常重要的組件:消息隊列。我們不是把請求直接去訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫,而是先把請求寫到消息隊列中,做一個緩存,然后再去慢慢的更新數(shù)據(jù)庫。這樣做之后,前端用戶的請求可能不會立即得到響應(yīng)是成功還是失敗,很可能得到的是一個排隊中的返回值,這個時候,需要客戶端去服務(wù)端輪詢,因為我們不能保證一定就秒殺成功了。當(dāng)服務(wù)端出隊,生成訂單以后,把用戶ID和商品ID寫到緩存中,來應(yīng)對客戶端的輪詢就可以了。這樣處理以后,我們的應(yīng)用是可以很簡單的進(jìn)行分布式橫向擴(kuò)展的,以應(yīng)對更大的并發(fā)。當(dāng)然,秒殺系統(tǒng)還有很多要處理的事情,比如限流防刷、分布式Session等等。
1、工具準(zhǔn)備
rabbitmq安裝:http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/253706.htm
界面地址:http://localhost:15672/#/
用戶名 guest
密碼 guest
redis安裝:http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/145704.htm
jmeter安裝:http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/232152.htm
2、數(shù)據(jù)表
商品表
-- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for stock -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stock`; CREATE TABLE `stock` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '名稱', `count` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '庫存', `sale` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '已售', `version` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '樂觀鎖,版本號', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
訂單表
-- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for stock_order -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stock_order`; CREATE TABLE `stock_order` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `sid` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '庫存ID', `name` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '商品名稱', `create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '創(chuàng)建時間', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
3、pom
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency>
4、代碼結(jié)構(gòu)
5、配置config
mq配置
package com.yy.msserver.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Exchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter; import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/27 14:03 * Description rabbitmq config * Version 1.0 */ @Configuration public class MyRabbitMQConfig { //庫存交換機(jī) public static final String STORY_EXCHANGE = "STORY_EXCHANGE"; //訂單交換機(jī) public static final String ORDER_EXCHANGE = "ORDER_EXCHANGE"; //庫存隊列 public static final String STORY_QUEUE = "STORY_QUEUE"; //訂單隊列 public static final String ORDER_QUEUE = "ORDER_QUEUE"; //庫存路由鍵 public static final String STORY_ROUTING_KEY = "STORY_ROUTING_KEY"; //訂單路由鍵 public static final String ORDER_ROUTING_KEY = "ORDER_ROUTING_KEY"; @Bean public MessageConverter messageConverter() { return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter(); } //創(chuàng)建庫存交換機(jī) @Bean public Exchange getStoryExchange() { return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(STORY_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build(); } //創(chuàng)建庫存隊列 @Bean public Queue getStoryQueue() { return new Queue(STORY_QUEUE); } //庫存交換機(jī)和庫存隊列綁定 @Bean public Binding bindStory() { return BindingBuilder.bind(getStoryQueue()).to(getStoryExchange()).with(STORY_ROUTING_KEY).noargs(); } //創(chuàng)建訂單隊列 @Bean public Queue getOrderQueue() { return new Queue(ORDER_QUEUE); } //創(chuàng)建訂單交換機(jī) @Bean public Exchange getOrderExchange() { return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(ORDER_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build(); } //訂單隊列與訂單交換機(jī)進(jìn)行綁定 @Bean public Binding bindOrder() { return BindingBuilder.bind(getOrderQueue()).to(getOrderExchange()).with(ORDER_ROUTING_KEY).noargs(); } }
redis配置
package com.yy.msserver.config; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/27 14:06 * Description redis config * Version 1.0 */ import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer; /** * @author code *@Date 2022/6/27 14:05 *Description redis config *Version 1.0 */ @Configuration public class RedisConfig { // 配置redis得配置詳解 @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) { RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); template.setHashKeySerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); template.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); template.afterPropertiesSet(); return template; } }
6、訂單業(yè)務(wù)層
接口層
package com.yy.msserver.service; import com.yy.msserver.model.vo.Stock; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/24 9:25 * Description 訂單接口 * Version 1.0 */ public interface StockOrderService { public Integer createOrder(Integer id); public void decrByStock(Integer id); }
實現(xiàn)層
package com.yy.msserver.service.impl; import com.yy.msserver.dao.StockMapper; import com.yy.msserver.dao.StockOrderMapper; import com.yy.msserver.model.vo.Stock; import com.yy.msserver.model.vo.StockOrder; import com.yy.msserver.service.StockOrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import java.util.Date; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/24 9:25 * Description 訂單實現(xiàn) * Version 1.0 */ @Service public class StockOrderServiceImpl implements StockOrderService { @Autowired private StockOrderMapper stockOrderMapper; @Autowired private StockMapper stockMapper; @Override @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class) public Integer createOrder(Integer id) { //校驗庫存 Stock stock = checkStock(id); // if(stock.getCount()>0){ // System.out.println("當(dāng)前庫存:" + stock.getCount()); // //扣庫存 // if(updateSale(stock) == 1){ // // }else { // return 0; // } // } // return 0; return createOrder(stock); } @Override public void decrByStock(Integer id){ //校驗庫存 Stock stock = checkStock(id); if(stock.getCount()>0){ System.out.println("當(dāng)前庫存:" + stock.getCount()); //扣庫存 updateSale(stock); } } //校驗庫存 private Stock checkStock(Integer id) { return stockMapper.checkStock(id); } //扣庫存 private int updateSale(Stock stock){ return stockMapper.updateSale(stock); } //下訂單 private Integer createOrder(Stock stock){ StockOrder order = new StockOrder(); order.setSid(stock.getId()); order.setCreateTime(new Date()); order.setName(stock.getName()); stockOrderMapper.createOrder(order); return order.getId(); } }
7、redis實現(xiàn)層
package com.yy.msserver.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/27 17:25 * Description redis * Version 1.0 */ @Service public class RedisService { @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate; /** * 設(shè)置String鍵值對 * @param key * @param value * @param millis */ public void put(String key, Object value, long millis) { redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, millis, TimeUnit.MINUTES); } public void putForHash(String objectKey, String hkey, String value) { redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(objectKey, hkey, value); } public <T> T get(String key, Class<T> type) { return (T) redisTemplate.boundValueOps(key).get(); } public void remove(String key) { redisTemplate.delete(key); } public boolean expire(String key, long millis) { return redisTemplate.expire(key, millis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); } public boolean persist(String key) { return redisTemplate.hasKey(key); } public String getString(String key) { return (String) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); } public Integer getInteger(String key) { return (Integer) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); } public Long getLong(String key) { return (Long) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); } public Date getDate(String key) { return (Date) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); } /** * 對指定key的鍵值減一 * @param key * @return */ public Long decrBy(String key) { return redisTemplate.opsForValue().decrement(key); } }
8、mq實現(xiàn)層
減庫存
package com.yy.msserver.service; import com.yy.msserver.config.MyRabbitMQConfig; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/27 15:22 * Description mq商品信息 * Version 1.0 */ @Slf4j @Service public class MQStockService { @Autowired private StockOrderService stockService; /** * 監(jiān)聽庫存消息隊列,并消費 * @param id */ @RabbitListener(queues = MyRabbitMQConfig.STORY_QUEUE) public void decrByStock(Integer id) { /** * 調(diào)用數(shù)據(jù)庫service給數(shù)據(jù)庫對應(yīng)商品庫存減一 */ log.info("減庫存"); stockService.decrByStock(id); } }
下訂單
package com.yy.msserver.service; import com.yy.msserver.config.MyRabbitMQConfig; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/27 15:19 * Description mq 訂單隊列 * Version 1.0 */ @Service @Slf4j public class MQOrderService { @Autowired private StockOrderService orderService; /** * 監(jiān)聽訂單消息隊列,并消費 * * @param id */ @RabbitListener(queues = MyRabbitMQConfig.ORDER_QUEUE) public void createOrder(Integer id) { log.info("收到訂單消息"); orderService.createOrder(id); } }
9、redis模擬初始化庫存量
package com.yy.msserver.config; import com.yy.msserver.service.RedisService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; /** * @author code * @Date 2022/6/29 14:08 * Description 初始化 * Version 1.0 */ @Component public class InitConfig { @Autowired private RedisService redisService; /** * redis初始化商品的庫存量和信息 * @param * @throws Exception */ @PostConstruct public void init() { redisService.put("1", 10, 20); } }
10、controller控制層
/** * 使用redis+消息隊列進(jìn)行秒殺實現(xiàn) * * @param id 商品id * @return */ @GetMapping( value = "/sec",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8") @ResponseBody public String sec(@RequestParam(value = "id") int id) { String message = null; //調(diào)用redis給相應(yīng)商品庫存量減一 Long decrByResult = redisService.decrBy(id+""); if (decrByResult >= 0) { /** * 說明該商品的庫存量有剩余,可以進(jìn)行下訂單操作 */ //發(fā)消息給庫存消息隊列,將庫存數(shù)據(jù)減一 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(MyRabbitMQConfig.STORY_EXCHANGE, MyRabbitMQConfig.STORY_ROUTING_KEY, id); //發(fā)消息給訂單消息隊列,創(chuàng)建訂單 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(MyRabbitMQConfig.ORDER_EXCHANGE, MyRabbitMQConfig.ORDER_ROUTING_KEY, id); message = "商品" + id + "秒殺成功"; } else { /** * 說明該商品的庫存量沒有剩余,直接返回秒殺失敗的消息給用戶 */ message ="商品" + id + "秒殺商品的庫存量沒有剩余,秒殺結(jié)束"; } return message; }
11、測試
新建線程組——新建取樣器(http請求)——新建查看結(jié)果樹
12、測試結(jié)果
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