Spring實現(xiàn)泛型注入的示例詳解
1.Spring泛型注入
創(chuàng)建一個抽象泛型類BaseDao,有參數(shù)化類型T
public abstract class BaseDao<T> {
public abstract void eat();
}每種動物有不同的行為,貓、狗
public class Cat {
}
public class Dog {
}分別繼承BaseDao實現(xiàn)不同的行為
@Repository
public class CatDao extends BaseDao<Cat> {
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("cat eat....");
}
}@Repository
public class DogDao extends BaseDao<Dog> {
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("dog eat....");
}
}接著創(chuàng)建一個抽象業(yè)務類,也有參數(shù)化類型T。
注意:此處不能使用@Resource注入,會找到多個BaseDao類型的bean,無法確認注入哪一個bean會報錯
需要使用@Autowired注入,它有根據(jù)泛型參數(shù)匹配的邏輯,會一個個去匹配
public abstract class BaseService<T> {
@Autowired
private BaseDao<T> baseDao;
protected void eat() {
baseDao.eat();
}
}子類繼承BaseService指定參數(shù)化類型實現(xiàn)注入相應的BaseDao
@Service
public class CatService extends BaseService<Cat> {
}@Service
public class DogService extends BaseService<Dog> {
}代碼目錄

測試
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "com.monian.test.generic")
public class GenericConfig {
}public class GenericTests {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
applicationContext.register(GenericConfig.class);
applicationContext.refresh();
DogService dogService = applicationContext.getBean(DogService.class);
CatService catService = applicationContext.getBean(CatService.class);
dogService.eat();
catService.eat();
}
}結果輸出,成功注入相應的BaseDao

2. 關于java泛型有四種Type
GenericArrayType泛型數(shù)組類型
public class GenericArrayTypeTest {
public static class TestClass<S> {
// 泛型數(shù)組
private List<String>[] lists;
// 泛型數(shù)組
private S[] ss;
private String[] s;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class cl = TestClass.class;
for (Field field : cl.getDeclaredFields()) {
System.out.println("filed's name:" + field.getName());
Type genericType = field.getGenericType();
System.out.println("Is it genericArrayType:" + (genericType instanceof GenericArrayType));
if (genericType instanceof GenericArrayType) {
GenericArrayType genericArrayType = (GenericArrayType) genericType;
System.out.println(genericArrayType.getTypeName());
Type genericComponentType = genericArrayType.getGenericComponentType();
System.out.println(genericComponentType);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}result:
filed's name:lists
Is it genericArrayType:true
java.util.List<java.lang.String>[]
java.util.List<java.lang.String>
filed's name:ss
Is it genericArrayType:true
S[]
S
filed's name:s
Is it genericArrayType:false
ParameterizedType參數(shù)化類型
public class ParameterizedTypeTest {
public static abstract class Test<T> {
public abstract void test(T t);
}
public static class TestClass<T extends Number> extends Test<Integer> {
private List<T> tList;
private List<? extends Number> list;
private Map<String, Integer> map;
@Override
public void test(Integer o) {
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestClass<Integer> tt = new TestClass<>();
Class cl = tt.getClass();
Type genericSuperclass = cl.getGenericSuperclass();
assert genericSuperclass instanceof ParameterizedType;
ParameterizedType parameterizedType1 = (ParameterizedType) genericSuperclass;
System.out.println(parameterizedType1.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
for (Field field : cl.getDeclaredFields()) {
System.out.println("field's name:" + field.getName());
Type genericType = field.getGenericType();
System.out.println("Is it ParameterizedType:" + (genericType instanceof ParameterizedType));
if (genericType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
for (Type type : parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()) {
System.out.println("actualType:" + type);
System.out.println(type.getTypeName());
}
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}result:
class java.lang.Integer
field's name:tList
Is it ParameterizedType:true
actualType:T
T
field's name:list
Is it ParameterizedType:true
actualType:? extends java.lang.Number
? extends java.lang.Number
field's name:map
Is it ParameterizedType:true
actualType:class java.lang.String
java.lang.String
actualType:class java.lang.Integer
java.lang.Integer
TypeVariable 類型變量
public class TypeVariableTest {
public static class TestClass<S extends Number, T> {
private Map<S, T> map;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class cl = TestClass.class;
Field field = cl.getDeclaredField("map");
Type genericType = field.getGenericType();
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
for (Type type : parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()) {
TypeVariable typeVariable = (TypeVariable) type;
// 類型變量名
System.out.println(typeVariable.getName());
// 變量上邊界
Type[] bounds = typeVariable.getBounds();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bounds));
}
}
}result:
S
[class java.lang.Number]
T
[class java.lang.Object]
WildcardType 通配符類型
public class WildcardTypeTest {
public static class TestClass {
private List<? extends Number> lists;
private Set<?> sets;
private Map<? extends Number, ? super String> map;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class cl = TestClass.class;
for (Field field : cl.getDeclaredFields()) {
System.out.println("filed's name:" + field.getName());
Type genericType = field.getGenericType();
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
for (Type type : parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()) {
// 通配符類型
WildcardType wildcardType = (WildcardType) type;
System.out.println(wildcardType.getTypeName());
// 上邊界
System.out.println("上邊界" + Arrays.toString(wildcardType.getUpperBounds()));
// 下邊界
System.out.println("下邊界" + Arrays.toString(wildcardType.getLowerBounds()));
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
result:
filed's name:lists
? extends java.lang.Number
上邊界[class java.lang.Number]
下邊界[]
filed's name:sets
?
上邊界[class java.lang.Object]
下邊界[]
filed's name:map
? extends java.lang.Number
上邊界[class java.lang.Number]
下邊界[]
? super java.lang.String
上邊界[class java.lang.Object]
下邊界[class java.lang.String]
注:spring對泛型的解析主要是在ResolvableType類,掌握上述的基本知識后可以去閱讀下相關源碼
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