Java HttpClient用法的示例詳解
更新時間：2022年07月14日 08:25:13 作者：怪 咖@
Java開發(fā)語言中實現(xiàn)HTTP請求的方法主要有兩種：一種是JAVA的標準類HttpUrlConnection；另一種是第三方開源框架HTTPClient。本文就將詳細講講Java中HttpClient的使用，需要的可以參考一下
1、導入依賴
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.58</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>4.4.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
2、使用工具類
該工具類將get請求和post請求當中幾種傳參方式都寫了，其中有g(shù)et地址欄傳參、get的params傳參、post的params傳參、post的json傳參。
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpClientUtil {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtil.class);
private static final int DEFULT_TIMEOUT = 30 * 1000;//默認超時時間20秒
/**
* 可以訪問 http://localhost:9005/yzhwsj/addPersonal/1/2 這樣的接口
* @param url
* @param headers
* @param urlParam
* @param timeout
* @return
*/
private static String doUrlGet(String url, Map<String, String> headers, List<String> urlParam, Integer timeout) {
//創(chuàng)建httpClient對象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String resultString = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
//創(chuàng)建uri
if (urlParam != null){
for (String param : urlParam) {
url = url + "/" + param;
}
}
//創(chuàng)建hTTP get請求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
//設(shè)置超時時間
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
//設(shè)置頭信息
if (null != headers) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpGet.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
//執(zhí)行請求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("http調(diào)用異常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("response關(guān)閉異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("httpClient關(guān)閉異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* @param url
* @param headers
* @param params
* @param timeout
* @return
*/
private static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, Object> params, Integer timeout) {
//創(chuàng)建httpClient對象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String resultString = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 1.創(chuàng)建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (params != null) {
//uri添加參數(shù)
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, String.valueOf(params.get(key)));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
// 2.創(chuàng)建hTTP get請求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
// 3.設(shè)置超時時間
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 4.設(shè)置頭信息
if (null != headers) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpGet.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.執(zhí)行請求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
logger.error("http調(diào)用異常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("http調(diào)用異常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("response關(guān)閉異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("httpClient關(guān)閉異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* 調(diào)用http post請求（json數(shù)據(jù)）
*
* @param url
* @param headers
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doJsonPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers, JSONObject json, Integer timeout) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 1.創(chuàng)建http post請求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.設(shè)置超時時間
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.設(shè)置參數(shù)信息
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(json.toString(), Consts.UTF_8);
// 發(fā)送json數(shù)據(jù)需要設(shè)置的contentType
s.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(s);
// 4.設(shè)置頭信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.執(zhí)行http請求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("調(diào)用http異常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
logger.error("調(diào)用http異常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("調(diào)用http異常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉response異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉httpClient異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* 調(diào)用http post請求 基礎(chǔ)方法
*
* @param url 請求的url
* @param headers 請求頭
* @param params 參數(shù)
* @param timeout 超時時間
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, Object> params, Integer timeout) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 1.創(chuàng)建http post請求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.設(shè)置超時時間
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.設(shè)置參數(shù)信息
if (params != null) {
List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, String.valueOf(params.get(key))));
}
// 模擬表單
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList, Consts.UTF_8);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
// 4.設(shè)置頭信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.執(zhí)行http請求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("調(diào)用http異常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
logger.error("調(diào)用http異常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("調(diào)用http異常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉response異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉httpClient異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* 通過httpClient上傳文件
*
* @param url 請求的URL
* @param headers 請求頭參數(shù)
* @param path 文件路徑
* @param fileName 文件名稱
* @param timeout 超時時間
* @return
*/
public static String UploadFileByHttpClient(String url, Map<String, String> headers, String path, String fileName, Integer timeout) {
String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
InputStream content = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
// 1.創(chuàng)建http post請求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.設(shè)置超時時間
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.設(shè)置參數(shù)信息
// HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532參數(shù)的設(shè)定是為避免文件名為中文時亂碼
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
// 上傳文件的路徑
File file = new File(path + File.separator + fileName);
builder.setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
builder.addBinaryBody("file", file, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA, fileName);
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 4.設(shè)置頭信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.執(zhí)行http請求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("上傳文件失?。?, e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉httpClient異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != content) {
content.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉content異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != in) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉in異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
}
/**
* 通過httpClient批量上傳文件
*
* @param url 請求的URL
* @param headers 請求頭參數(shù)
* @param params 參數(shù)
* @param paths 文件路徑(key文件名稱，value路徑)
* @param timeout 超時時間
* @return
*/
public static String UploadFilesByHttpClient(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> paths, Integer timeout) {
String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
InputStream content = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
// 1.創(chuàng)建http post請求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.設(shè)置超時時間
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.設(shè)置文件信息
// HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532參數(shù)的設(shè)定是為避免文件名為中文時亂碼
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
builder.setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
// 上傳文件的路徑
for (Map.Entry<String, String> m : paths.entrySet()) {
File file = new File(m.getValue() + File.separator + m.getKey());
builder.addBinaryBody("files", file, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA, m.getKey());
}
// 4.設(shè)置參數(shù)信息
ContentType contentType = ContentType.create("text/plain", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : params.entrySet()) {
builder.addTextBody(param.getKey(), param.getValue(), contentType);
}
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 5.設(shè)置頭信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 6.執(zhí)行http請求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("上傳文件失?。?, e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉httpClient異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != content) {
content.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉content異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != in) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("關(guān)閉in異常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
3、擴展
上面的工具類，方法都攜帶了token和超時時間，假如接口用不到可以做接口拓展。例如：
/**
* 調(diào)用http get請求
*
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {
return doGet(url, null, params, null);
}
如果涉及到put請求和delete請求，跟上面都差不多，只不過創(chuàng)建請求的時候改為:
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(); HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut();
到此這篇關(guān)于Java HttpClient用法的示例詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Java HttpClient內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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