SpringBoot萬字爆肝高級(jí)配置

更新時(shí)間：2022年07月18日 09:11:36 作者：不會(huì)壓彎的小飛俠

SpringBoot不僅支持常規(guī)的properties配置文件，還支持yaml語言的配置文件，yaml是以數(shù)據(jù)為中心的語言，在配置數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候具有面向?qū)ο蟮奶卣?。application.properties是比較常見的配置文件，SpringBoot的全局配置文件的作用是對(duì)一些默認(rèn)配置的配置值進(jìn)行修改

@ConfigurationProperties注入

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的模板

此過程就不在這介紹了，在我SpringBoot專欄里有詳細(xì)過程。

???注意的是加入所需的支持這什么也不勾選。

ServerConfig.java

package com.jkj.config;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "servers")
@Component
@Data
public class ServerConfig {
    private String ipAddress;
    private int port;
    private long timeout;
}

???注意：

@Data

為當(dāng)前實(shí)體類在編譯期設(shè)置對(duì)應(yīng)的get/set,toString方法,hashCode方法,equals方法等。

需要導(dǎo)入lomok的依賴：

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
		</dependency>

編寫application.yml

servers:
ipAddress: 168.225.0.15
port: 1234
timeout: -1

編寫ConfigurationApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConfigurationApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext cac = SpringApplication.run(ConfigurationApplication.class, args);
		ServerConfig bean = cac.getBean(ServerConfig.class);
		System.out.println(bean); 
	}
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：ServerConfig(ipAddress=168.225.0.15, port=123456, timeout=-1)

給第三方Bean綁定屬性

方式一

??編寫ConfigurationApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConfigurationApplication {
    @Bean
	public DruidDataSource dataSource(){
		DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
		ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
		return ds;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext cac = SpringApplication.run(ConfigurationApplication.class, args);
		ServerConfig bean = cac.getBean(ServerConfig.class);
		System.out.println(bean); 
		DruidDataSource ds = cac.getBean(DruidDataSource.class);
		System.out.println(ds);
	}
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

方式二

使用@ConfigurationProperties為第三方bean綁定屬性

??編寫application.yml

servers:
ipAddress: 168.225.0.15
port: 1234
timeout: -1
dataSource:
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

??編寫ConfigurationApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConfigurationApplication {
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource")
	public DruidDataSource dataSource(){
		DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
		return ds;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext cac = SpringApplication.run(ConfigurationApplication.class, args);
		ServerConfig bean = cac.getBean(ServerConfig.class);
		System.out.println(bean); 
		DruidDataSource ds = cac.getBean(DruidDataSource.class);
		System.out.println(ds.getDriverClassName()); 
	}
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

@EnableconfigurationProperties

@EnableConfigurationProperties注解可以將使用@ConfigurationProperties注解對(duì)應(yīng)的類加入Spring容器

??ConfigurationApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerConfig.class)
public class ConfigurationApplication {
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource")
	public DruidDataSource dataSource(){
		DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
		return ds;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext cac = SpringApplication.run(ConfigurationApplication.class, args);
		ServerConfig bean = cac.getBean(ServerConfig.class);
		System.out.println(bean); 
		DruidDataSource ds = cac.getBean(DruidDataSource.class);
		System.out.println(ds.getDriverClassName()); 
	}
}

??ServerConfig.java

package com.jkj.config;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "servers")
@Data
public class ServerConfig {
    private String ipAddress;
    private int port;
    private long timeout;
}

???注意：@EnableConfigurationProperties與@Component不能同時(shí)使用

解除使用@ConfigurationProperties注釋警告

加入依賴：

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
		</dependency>

寬松綁定

寬松綁定就是configrationProperties注入的書寫規(guī)范并不嚴(yán)格，大小寫，下劃線、中劃線、springboot都可以忽略。
@ConfigurationProperties綁定屬性支持屬性名寬松綁定。

以ipAddress為例：

??駝峰模式

ipAddress: 168.225.0.15

??下劃線模式

ip_address: 168.225.0.15

??中劃線模式

IP_ADD_R-E-SS: 168.225.0.15

??常量模式

IP_ADDRESS: 168.225.0.15

??大寫模式

IPADDRESS: 168.225.0.15

??烤肉串模式(推薦使用)

ip-address: 168.225.0.15

寬松綁定不支持注解@Value引用單個(gè)屬性的方式

??測(cè)試：

package com.jkj;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class Springboot06ConfigurationApplicationTests {
    @Value("${servers.ipAddress}")
	private String msg;
	@Test
	void contextLoads() {
		System.out.println(msg); 
	}
}

報(bào)錯(cuò)信息：Could not resolve placeholder 'servers.ipAddress' in value "${servers.ipAddress}"

常量計(jì)量單位綁定

SpringBoot支持JDK8提供的時(shí)間與空間計(jì)量單位

package com.jkj.config;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.convert.DataSizeUnit;
import org.springframework.boot.convert.DurationUnit;
import org.springframework.util.unit.DataSize;
import org.springframework.util.unit.DataUnit;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "servers")
@Data
public class ServerConfig {
    private String ipAddress;
    private int port;
    private long timeout;
    @DurationUnit(ChronoUnit.DAYS)
    private Duration serverTimeOut;
    @DataSizeUnit(DataUnit.TERABYTES)
    private DataSize dataSize;
}

??常用計(jì)量單位 ChronoUnit

DataUnit

數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)

??添加了SR303規(guī)范坐標(biāo)與Hibernate校驗(yàn)框架對(duì)應(yīng)坐標(biāo)

	<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
			<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
		</dependency>

??使用hibernate框架提供的校驗(yàn)器做實(shí)現(xiàn)類

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
		</dependency>

??對(duì)Bean開啟校驗(yàn)功能

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "servers")
@Validated
@Data
public class ServerConfig {
    private String ipAddress;
    private int port;
    private long timeout;
}

??設(shè)置校驗(yàn)規(guī)則

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "servers")
@Validated
@Data
public class ServerConfig {
    private String ipAddress;
    @Max(value = 9999,message = "最大值不能超過9999")
    @Min(value = 1111,message = "最小值不能超過1111")
    private int port;
    private long timeout;
}

??yml文件中port設(shè)置為1234，測(cè)試結(jié)果如下

進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則

案例模擬

??編寫application.yml

servers:
ipAddress: 168.225.0.15
port: 1234
timeout: -1
dataSource:
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
password: 0123

??編寫ConfigureApplication,java

package com.jkj;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class Springboot06ConfigurationApplicationTests {
    @Value("${dataSource.Password}")
	private Password psw;
	@Test
	void contextLoads() {
		System.out.println(psw); 
	}
}