SpringBoot yaml語法與數(shù)據(jù)讀取操作詳解

更新時間：2022年07月18日 10:01:57 作者：不會壓彎的小飛俠

YAML 是 “YAML Ain’t Markup Language”（YAML 不是一種標(biāo)記語言）的遞歸縮寫。在開發(fā)的這種語言時，YAML 的意思其實(shí)是：“Yet Another Markup Language”（仍是一種標(biāo)記語言），本文給大家介紹的非常詳細(xì)，需要的朋友可以參考下

yaml

YAML是一種數(shù)據(jù)序列化格式。

yaml擴(kuò)展名

.yaml
.yml（主流）

yaml語法規(guī)則

大小寫敏感
屬性層次關(guān)系使用多行描述，每行結(jié)尾使用冒號結(jié)束
使用縮進(jìn)表示層級關(guān)系，同層左側(cè)對齊，只允許使用空格(不允許使用Tab鍵)
屬性值前面添加空格(屬性名與屬性值之間使用冒號+空格作為分隔)
#表示注釋

字面值表示方式：

boolean: true
float: 3.14
int: 15
#表示空
null: ~
string: xiaofeixia
date: 2022-7-9
#日期與時間用T連接
datetime: 2022-7-9T12:00:30+02:00

數(shù)組表示方式：

likes:
- music
- draw
- game

likes1: [music,draw,game]

對象數(shù)組格式：

user2:
- name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
- name: xiaomage
age: 26

user3:
-
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
-
name: xiaomage
age: 27

對象數(shù)組縮略格式：

user4: [{name:xiaofeixia,age:21},{name:xiaofeixia,age:22}]

讀取yaml數(shù)據(jù)

使用@Value讀取單個數(shù)據(jù)，屬性名引用方式：${一級屬性名.二級屬性名}

編寫yaml文件

server:
port: 81
country: china
province: henan
city: zhengzhou
area: shangqiu

party: true
birthday: 2022-11-11

user8:
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
user1:
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22

a:
B:
C:
d:
e: abc

likes:
- music
- draw
- game

likes1: [music,draw,game]

user2:
- name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
- name: xiaomage
age: 26

user3:
-
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
-
name: xiaomage
age: 27

user4: [{name:xiaofeixia,age:21},{name:xiaofeixia,age:22}]

讀取單一數(shù)據(jù)

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    //讀取yaml數(shù)據(jù)中的單一數(shù)據(jù)
    @Value("${country}")
    public String country1;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");
        System.out.println("country=="+country1);  //country==china      
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

讀取二級數(shù)據(jù)

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Value("${user8.name}")
    public String username;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
        System.out.println("username=="+username);         //username==xiaofeixia            
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

讀取數(shù)組數(shù)據(jù)

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
 @Value("${likes[0]}")
    public String likes1;
     @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
        System.out.println("likes1=="+likes1);  //likes1==music      
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

讀取服務(wù)器端口號

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
   @Value("${server.port}")
    public String port;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
        System.out.println("port=="+port);  //port==81   
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

讀取對象屬性

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Value("${user2[0].age}")
    public String age2;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
         System.out.println("age2=="+age2);  //age2==22         
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

封裝全部數(shù)據(jù)到Environment對象

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){        
        System.out.println(env.getProperty("server.port"));
        System.out.println(env.getProperty("user8.name"));        
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

讀取yaml引用類型屬性數(shù)據(jù)

application.yml

server:
port: 81
#創(chuàng)建類用于封裝下面的數(shù)據(jù)
#由spring去加載數(shù)據(jù)到對象中，一定要告訴spring加載這組信息
#使用的時候直接從spring中獲取信息
datasource:
driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost/springboot
username: root
password: root

MyDataSource

自定義對象封裝指定數(shù)據(jù)

1.定義數(shù)據(jù)模型封裝yaml文件中對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)

package com.jkj;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//2.定義spring的管控Bean
@Component
//3.指定加載數(shù)據(jù)
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource")
public class MyDataSource {
    private String driver;
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    public String getDriver() {
        return driver;
    }
    public void setDriver(String driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }
    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }
    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyDataSource{" +
                "driver='" + driver + '\'' +
                ", url='" + url + '\'' +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

讀取數(shù)據(jù)

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    private MyDataSource myDataSource;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){     
        System.out.println(myDataSource);
        //MyDataSource{driver='com.mysql.jdbc.Driver', url='jdbc:mysql://localhost/springboot', username='root', password='root'}
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

變量的引用

application.yml

server:
port: 81
baseDir: E:\window
tempDir: ${baseDir}\temp

讀取數(shù)據(jù)

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
     @Value("${tempDir}")
     public String temp;   
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){     
         System.out.println("temp=="+temp);  //temp==E:\window\temp
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}