C#通過不安全代碼看內(nèi)存加載的示例詳解
C#中類型分為值類型和引用類型,值類型存儲(chǔ)在堆棧中,是棧結(jié)構(gòu),先進(jìn)后出,引用類型存儲(chǔ)在托管堆中。接下來用不安全代碼的地址,來看一下值類型和引用類型的存儲(chǔ)。
項(xiàng)目文件
C#中使用不安全代碼需要在項(xiàng)目文件中添加AllowUnsafeBlocks配置。
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework> <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings> <Nullable>enable</Nullable> <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks> </PropertyGroup> </Project>
所有的測試案例都是定義兩個(gè)特定類型的變量,然后查看它的內(nèi)存地址,然后進(jìn)行調(diào)用一個(gè)方法進(jìn)行相加運(yùn)算,然后分別在方法內(nèi)輸出變量和結(jié)查內(nèi)存地址,最后返回主方法后變量的內(nèi)存地址。
值類型
static void TestDouble() { var v1 = 1.00001d; var v2 = 2.00002d; Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v1 " + (long)&v1); Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v2 " + (long)&v2); Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1)); var v3 = Add(v1, v2); Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3 " + (long)&v3); Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2)); Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3-v1 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v1)); } static double Add(double v1, double v2) { Console.WriteLine("Add v1 " + (long)&v1); Console.WriteLine("Add v2 " + (long)&v2); Console.WriteLine("Add v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1)); var v3 = v1 + v2; Console.WriteLine("Add v3 " + (long)&v3); Console.WriteLine("Add v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2)); Console.WriteLine("Add v3-v1 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v1)); return v3; }
v1的所在內(nèi)存地址大于v2,最后運(yùn)算完的v3是最小的,我們可以想象,v1放在棧的最后面,地址最大,然后放v2,最后放v3?;厥諘r(shí)的順序是反回來的。那么Add方法里,v2地址最大,但比TestDouble都要小,說明進(jìn)棧要晚一些,接下來是v1進(jìn)棧,最后是v3進(jìn)棧,不過TestDouble里的每個(gè)變量都相差8,但方法里的就不是了,這是因?yàn)榉椒▍?shù),返回值等信息,還要占一些內(nèi)存空間。還有TestDouble的v3為什么能和v2相差8?不是有Add方法嗎?原因是Add調(diào)用完后都出棧了,所以TestDouble的v3和v2是相鄰的。
自定義結(jié)構(gòu)體
struct TestStruct { public TestStruct() { i = 100; } public long i; } static void TestTestStruct() { var v1 = new TestStruct(); Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v1對(duì)象地址= " + (long)&v1); var v2 = new TestStruct(); Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v2對(duì)象地址= " + (long)&v2); Console.WriteLine("TestStruct v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1)); var v3 = Add(v1, v2); Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v3對(duì)象地址= " + (long)&v3); Console.WriteLine("TestStruct v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2)); } static TestStruct Add(TestStruct v1, TestStruct v2) { Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v1對(duì)象地址= " + (long)&v1); Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v2對(duì)象地址= " + (long)&v2); Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1)); var v3 = new TestStruct(); v3.i = v1.i + v2.i; Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v3對(duì)象地址" + (long)&v3); Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2)); return v3; }
自定義struct與double類似,本質(zhì)上double也是用struct定義的。
引用類型string
static void TestString() { long ad1, ad2, ad3; var v1 = "aaaa"; var v2 = "bbbb"; fixed (char* p = v1) { ad1 = (long)p; Console.WriteLine("TestString v1字符串地址= " + (long)p); } fixed (char* p = v2) { ad2 = (long)p; Console.WriteLine("TestString v2字符串地址= " + (long)p); } Console.WriteLine("TestString v2-v1 " + (ad2 - ad1)); var v3 = Add(v1, v2); fixed (char* p = v3) { ad3 = (long)p; Console.WriteLine("TestString v3字符串地址= " + (long)p); } Console.WriteLine("TestString v3-v2 " + (ad3 - ad2)); } static string Add(string v1, string v2) { long ad1, ad2, ad3; fixed (char* p = v1) { ad1 = (long)p; Console.WriteLine("Add中v1字符串地址= " + (long)p); } fixed (char* p = v2) { ad2 = (long)p; Console.WriteLine("Add中v2字符串地址= " + (long)p); } Console.WriteLine("Add中 v2-v1 " + (ad2 - ad1)); var v3 = v1 + v2; fixed (char* p = v3) { ad3 = (long)p; Console.WriteLine("Add中v3字符串地址= " + (long)p); } Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v2 " + (ad3 - ad2)); Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v1 " + (ad3 - ad1)); return v3; } static void TestString2() { var v1 = "aaaa"; var v2 = "bbbb"; var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v1對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()); var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v2對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject())); var v3 = Add2(v1, v2); var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v3對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject())); } static string Add2(string v1, string v2) { var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v1對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()); var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v2對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("Add2 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject())); var v3 = v1 + v2; var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v3對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("Add2 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject())); Console.WriteLine("Add2 v3-v1 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject())); return v3; }
字符串是引用類型,v1比v2內(nèi)存地址小,進(jìn)入Add后,v1和v2與傳入的地址相同,因?yàn)槭且妙愋?,Add方法里的v3接著往大走,并且與返回的v3是一個(gè)地址,這些沒有問題。
string用了兩種方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)方式v1都是aaaa,v2都是bbbb,因?yàn)樽址辛粲眯裕詢蓚€(gè)方法的v1和v2是一樣的;但兩種方式調(diào)用了Add后,在Add里的v3都是aaaabbbb,都是拼接,但拼出來的字符串的地址不相同,所以這塊沒有留用。
自定class類型
class TestClass { public int i = 100; } static void TestTestClass() { var v1 = new TestClass(); var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v1對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()); var v2 = new TestClass(); var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v2對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject())); var v3 = Add(v1, v2); var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass 3對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject())); } static TestClass Add(TestClass v1, TestClass v2) { var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("Add中的v1對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()); var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("Add中的v2對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("Add中 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject())); var v3 = new TestClass(); v3.i = v1.i + v2.i; var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned); Console.WriteLine("Add中的v3對(duì)象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject()); Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject())); Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v1 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject())); return v3; }
自定義class,每次都是新地址,沒有留用性,并且地址都是在增加。
當(dāng)然引用類型的地址不是一成不變的,因?yàn)橛欣胤牛匦抡淼倪^程,本例用用Pinned的方式固定,不過代碼量少的情況也不一定能觸發(fā)回收。
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