C#通過不安全代碼看內(nèi)存加載的示例詳解
C#中類型分為值類型和引用類型,值類型存儲在堆棧中,是棧結(jié)構(gòu),先進(jìn)后出,引用類型存儲在托管堆中。接下來用不安全代碼的地址,來看一下值類型和引用類型的存儲。
項(xiàng)目文件
C#中使用不安全代碼需要在項(xiàng)目文件中添加AllowUnsafeBlocks配置。
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
<AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
</PropertyGroup>
</Project>所有的測試案例都是定義兩個(gè)特定類型的變量,然后查看它的內(nèi)存地址,然后進(jìn)行調(diào)用一個(gè)方法進(jìn)行相加運(yùn)算,然后分別在方法內(nèi)輸出變量和結(jié)查內(nèi)存地址,最后返回主方法后變量的內(nèi)存地址。
值類型
static void TestDouble()
{
var v1 = 1.00001d;
var v2 = 2.00002d;
Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v1 " + (long)&v1);
Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v2 " + (long)&v2);
Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3 " + (long)&v3);
Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3-v1 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v1));
}
static double Add(double v1, double v2)
{
Console.WriteLine("Add v1 " + (long)&v1);
Console.WriteLine("Add v2 " + (long)&v2);
Console.WriteLine("Add v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
var v3 = v1 + v2;
Console.WriteLine("Add v3 " + (long)&v3);
Console.WriteLine("Add v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
Console.WriteLine("Add v3-v1 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v1));
return v3;
}
v1的所在內(nèi)存地址大于v2,最后運(yùn)算完的v3是最小的,我們可以想象,v1放在棧的最后面,地址最大,然后放v2,最后放v3?;厥諘r(shí)的順序是反回來的。那么Add方法里,v2地址最大,但比TestDouble都要小,說明進(jìn)棧要晚一些,接下來是v1進(jìn)棧,最后是v3進(jìn)棧,不過TestDouble里的每個(gè)變量都相差8,但方法里的就不是了,這是因?yàn)榉椒▍?shù),返回值等信息,還要占一些內(nèi)存空間。還有TestDouble的v3為什么能和v2相差8?不是有Add方法嗎?原因是Add調(diào)用完后都出棧了,所以TestDouble的v3和v2是相鄰的。
自定義結(jié)構(gòu)體
struct TestStruct
{
public TestStruct()
{
i = 100;
}
public long i;
}
static void TestTestStruct()
{
var v1 = new TestStruct();
Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v1對象地址= " + (long)&v1);
var v2 = new TestStruct();
Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v2對象地址= " + (long)&v2);
Console.WriteLine("TestStruct v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v3對象地址= " + (long)&v3);
Console.WriteLine("TestStruct v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
}
static TestStruct Add(TestStruct v1, TestStruct v2)
{
Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v1對象地址= " + (long)&v1);
Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v2對象地址= " + (long)&v2);
Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
var v3 = new TestStruct();
v3.i = v1.i + v2.i;
Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v3對象地址" + (long)&v3);
Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
return v3;
}
自定義struct與double類似,本質(zhì)上double也是用struct定義的。
引用類型string
static void TestString()
{
long ad1, ad2, ad3;
var v1 = "aaaa";
var v2 = "bbbb";
fixed (char* p = v1)
{
ad1 = (long)p;
Console.WriteLine("TestString v1字符串地址= " + (long)p);
}
fixed (char* p = v2)
{
ad2 = (long)p;
Console.WriteLine("TestString v2字符串地址= " + (long)p);
}
Console.WriteLine("TestString v2-v1 " + (ad2 - ad1));
var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
fixed (char* p = v3)
{
ad3 = (long)p;
Console.WriteLine("TestString v3字符串地址= " + (long)p);
}
Console.WriteLine("TestString v3-v2 " + (ad3 - ad2));
}
static string Add(string v1, string v2)
{
long ad1, ad2, ad3;
fixed (char* p = v1)
{
ad1 = (long)p;
Console.WriteLine("Add中v1字符串地址= " + (long)p);
}
fixed (char* p = v2)
{
ad2 = (long)p;
Console.WriteLine("Add中v2字符串地址= " + (long)p);
}
Console.WriteLine("Add中 v2-v1 " + (ad2 - ad1));
var v3 = v1 + v2;
fixed (char* p = v3)
{
ad3 = (long)p;
Console.WriteLine("Add中v3字符串地址= " + (long)p);
}
Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v2 " + (ad3 - ad2));
Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v1 " + (ad3 - ad1));
return v3;
}
static void TestString2()
{
var v1 = "aaaa";
var v2 = "bbbb";
var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
var v3 = Add2(v1, v2);
var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
}
static string Add2(string v1, string v2)
{
var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("Add2 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
var v3 = v1 + v2;
var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("Add2 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
Console.WriteLine("Add2 v3-v1 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
return v3;
}
字符串是引用類型,v1比v2內(nèi)存地址小,進(jìn)入Add后,v1和v2與傳入的地址相同,因?yàn)槭且妙愋?,Add方法里的v3接著往大走,并且與返回的v3是一個(gè)地址,這些沒有問題。
string用了兩種方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)方式v1都是aaaa,v2都是bbbb,因?yàn)樽址辛粲眯?,所以兩個(gè)方法的v1和v2是一樣的;但兩種方式調(diào)用了Add后,在Add里的v3都是aaaabbbb,都是拼接,但拼出來的字符串的地址不相同,所以這塊沒有留用。
自定class類型
class TestClass
{
public int i = 100;
}
static void TestTestClass()
{
var v1 = new TestClass();
var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
var v2 = new TestClass();
var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass 3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
}
static TestClass Add(TestClass v1, TestClass v2)
{
var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("Add中的v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("Add中的v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("Add中 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
var v3 = new TestClass();
v3.i = v1.i + v2.i;
var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
Console.WriteLine("Add中的v3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v1 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
return v3;
}
自定義class,每次都是新地址,沒有留用性,并且地址都是在增加。
當(dāng)然引用類型的地址不是一成不變的,因?yàn)橛欣胤牛匦抡淼倪^程,本例用用Pinned的方式固定,不過代碼量少的情況也不一定能觸發(fā)回收。
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