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SpringBoot整合SpringSecurity實現(xiàn)JWT認(rèn)證的項目實踐

 更新時間：2023年05月09日 10:48:00   作者：智慧zhuhuix  
本文會通過創(chuàng)建SpringBoot項目整合SpringSecurity，實現(xiàn)完整的JWT認(rèn)證機制，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

前言

微服務(wù)架構(gòu)，前后端分離目前已成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)項目開發(fā)的業(yè)界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其核心思想就是前端（APP、小程序、H5頁面等）通過調(diào)用后端的API接口，提交及返回JSON數(shù)據(jù)進行交互。
在前后端分離項目中，首先要解決的就是登錄及授權(quán)的問題。微服務(wù)架構(gòu)下，傳統(tǒng)的session認(rèn)證限制了應(yīng)用的擴展能力，無狀態(tài)的JWT認(rèn)證方法應(yīng)運而生，該認(rèn)證機制特別適用于分布式站點的單點登錄（SSO）場景

1、創(chuàng)建SpringBoot工程

SpringBoot工程項目目錄

2、導(dǎo)入SpringSecurity與JWT的相關(guān)依賴

pom文件加入以下依賴

 		<!--Security框架-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        ...
        <!-- jwt -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.6</version>
        </dependency>

3.定義SpringSecurity需要的基礎(chǔ)處理類

application.yml配置中加入jwt配置信息：

#jwt
jwt:
  header: Authorization
  # 令牌前綴
  token-start-with: Bearer
  # 使用Base64對該令牌進行編碼
  base64-secret: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(制定您的密鑰)
  # 令牌過期時間 此處單位/毫秒 
  token-validity-in-seconds: 14400000

創(chuàng)建一個jwt的配置類，并注入Spring，便于程序中靈活調(diào)用

@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jwt")
public class JwtSecurityProperties {

    /** Request Headers ： Authorization */
    private String header;

    /** 令牌前綴，最后留個空格 Bearer */
    private String tokenStartWith;

    /** Base64對該令牌進行編碼 */
    private String base64Secret;

    /** 令牌過期時間 此處單位/毫秒 */
    private Long tokenValidityInSeconds;

    /**返回令牌前綴 */
    public String getTokenStartWith() {
        return tokenStartWith + " ";
    }
}

定義無權(quán)限訪問類

@Component
public class JwtAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
    @Override
    public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException {
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN, accessDeniedException.getMessage());
    }
}

定義認(rèn)證失敗處理類

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request,
                         HttpServletResponse response,
                         AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, authException==null?"Unauthorized":authException.getMessage());
    }
}

4. 構(gòu)建JWT token工具類

工具類實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)建token與校驗token功能

@Slf4j
@Component
public class JwtTokenUtils implements InitializingBean {

    private final JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties;
    private static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth";
    private Key key;

    public JwtTokenUtils(JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties) {
        this.jwtSecurityProperties = jwtSecurityProperties;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {

        byte[] keyBytes = Decoders.BASE64.decode(jwtSecurityProperties.getBase64Secret());
        this.key = Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(keyBytes);
    }


    public  String createToken (Map<String, Object> claims) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY, claims)
                .setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
                .setIssuedAt(new Date())
                .setExpiration(new Date((new Date()).getTime() + jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenValidityInSeconds()))
                .compressWith(CompressionCodecs.DEFLATE)
                .signWith(key,SignatureAlgorithm.HS512)
                .compact();
    }

    public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
        Date expiration;
        try {
            final Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            expiration = claims.getExpiration();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            expiration = null;
        }
        return expiration;
    }

    public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) {
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(key)
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();

        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities =
                Arrays.stream(claims.get(AUTHORITIES_KEY).toString().split(","))
                        .map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new)
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());

        HashMap map =(HashMap) claims.get("auth");

        User principal = new User(map.get("user").toString(), map.get("password").toString(), authorities);

        return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, token, authorities);
    }

    public boolean validateToken(String authToken) {
        try {
            Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(key).parseClaimsJws(authToken);
            return true;
        } catch (io.jsonwebtoken.security.SecurityException | MalformedJwtException e) {
            log.info("Invalid JWT signature.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
            log.info("Expired JWT token.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {
            log.info("Unsupported JWT token.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            log.info("JWT token compact of handler are invalid.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }

    private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims;
        try {
            claims = Jwts.parser()
                    .setSigningKey(key)
                    .parseClaimsJws(token)
                    .getBody();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            claims = null;
        }
        return claims;
    }
}

5.實現(xiàn)token驗證的過濾器

該類繼承OncePerRequestFilter，顧名思義，它能夠確保在一次請求中只通過一次filter
該類使用JwtTokenUtils工具類進行token校驗

@Component
@Slf4j
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    private JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

    public JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {
        this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties = SpringContextHolder.getBean(JwtSecurityProperties.class);
        String requestRri = httpServletRequest.getRequestURI();
        //獲取request token
        String token = null;
        String bearerToken = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtSecurityProperties.getHeader());
        if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith(jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenStartWith())) {
            token = bearerToken.substring(jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenStartWith().length());
        }

        if (StringUtils.hasText(token) && jwtTokenUtils.validateToken(token)) {
            Authentication authentication = jwtTokenUtils.getAuthentication(token);
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
            log.debug("set Authentication to security context for '{}', uri: {}", authentication.getName(), requestRri);
        } else {
            log.debug("no valid JWT token found, uri: {}", requestRri);
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

    }
}

根據(jù)SpringBoot官方讓重復(fù)執(zhí)行的filter實現(xiàn)一次執(zhí)行過程的解決方案，參見官網(wǎng)地址：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/#howto-disable-registration-of-a-servlet-or-filter
在SpringBoot啟動類中，加入以下代碼：

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean registration(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter filter) {
        FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean(filter);
        registration.setEnabled(false);
        return registration;
    }

6. SpringSecurity的關(guān)鍵配置

SpringBoot推薦使用配置類來代替xml配置，該類中涉及了以上幾個bean來供security使用

  • JwtAccessDeniedHandler ：無權(quán)限訪問
  • jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint ：認(rèn)證失敗處理
  • jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter ：token驗證的過濾器
package com.zhuhuix.startup.security.config;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.filter.TokenFilter;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAccessDeniedHandler;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.utils.JwtTokenUtils;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.SecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.web.DefaultSecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

/**
 * Spring Security配置類
 *
 * @author zhuhuix
 * @date 2020-03-25
 */

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true, securedEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    private final JwtAccessDeniedHandler jwtAccessDeniedHandler;
    private final JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
    private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

    public WebSecurityConfig(JwtAccessDeniedHandler jwtAccessDeniedHandler, JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint, JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {

        this.jwtAccessDeniedHandler = jwtAccessDeniedHandler;
        this.jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint = jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
        this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;

    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {

        httpSecurity
                // 禁用 CSRF
                .csrf().disable()

                // 授權(quán)異常
                .exceptionHandling()
                .authenticationEntryPoint(jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint)
                .accessDeniedHandler(jwtAccessDeniedHandler)

                // 防止iframe 造成跨域
                .and()
                .headers()
                .frameOptions()
                .disable()
                
				// 不創(chuàng)建會話
                .and()
                .sessionManagement()
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)

                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()

                // 放行靜態(tài)資源
                .antMatchers(
                        HttpMethod.GET,
                        "/*.html",
                        "/**/*.html",
                        "/**/*.css",
                        "/**/*.js",
                        "/webSocket/**"
                ).permitAll()

                // 放行swagger
                .antMatchers("/swagger-ui.html").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/swagger-resources/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/webjars/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/*/api-docs").permitAll()

                // 放行文件訪問
                .antMatchers("/file/**").permitAll()

                // 放行druid
                .antMatchers("/druid/**").permitAll()

                // 放行OPTIONS請求
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()

                //允許匿名及登錄用戶訪問
                .antMatchers("/api/auth/**", "/error/**").permitAll()
                // 所有請求都需要認(rèn)證
                .anyRequest().authenticated();

        // 禁用緩存
        httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl();

        // 添加JWT filter
        httpSecurity
                .apply(new TokenConfigurer(jwtTokenUtils));

    }

    public class TokenConfigurer extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter<DefaultSecurityFilterChain, HttpSecurity> {

        private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

        public TokenConfigurer(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils){

            this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
        }

        @Override
        public void configure(HttpSecurity http) {
            JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter customFilter = new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(jwtTokenUtils);
            http.addFilterBefore(customFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
        }
    }

}

7. 編寫Controller進行測試

登錄邏輯：傳遞user與password參數(shù)，返回token

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Api(tags = "系統(tǒng)授權(quán)接口")
public class AuthController {

    private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

    public AuthController(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {
        this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
    }

    @ApiOperation("登錄授權(quán)")
    @GetMapping(value = "/login")
    public String login(String user,String password){
        Map map = new HashMap();
        map.put("user",user);
        map.put("password",password);
        return jwtTokenUtils.createToken(map);
    }  
}

使用IDEA Rest Client測試如下：

Request請求

Response返回token

驗證邏輯：傳遞token，驗證成功后返回用戶信息

Request請求，Headers加入Authorization:(token值)

Response結(jié)果

token驗證錯誤返回401：

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