Android neon 優(yōu)化實踐示例
搭建實驗環(huán)境
首先新建一個包含native代碼的項目:
然后在gradle中添加對neon的支持:
externalNativeBuild { cmake { cppFlags "-std=c++14" arguments "-DANDROID_ARM_NEON=TRUE" } }
這樣,項目就可以支持neon加速了。
小試牛刀
一個最簡單的neon編程的流程大致是這樣的: 1、裝載數(shù)據(jù)到neon寄存器 2、執(zhí)行運(yùn)算 3、從neon寄存器中把結(jié)果寫回內(nèi)存。
沒有例子不知從何說起,先上一個超級簡單的例子吧:
#include <jni.h> #include <string> #include <arm_neon.h> #include <android/log.h> #define LOG_TAG "TEST_NEON" #define LOGD(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__) #define LOGI(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__) extern "C"{ void test() { int16_t result[8]; int8x8_t a = vdup_n_s8(121); int8x8_t b = vdup_n_s8(2); int16x8_t c; c = vmull_s8(a,b); vst1q_s16(result,c); for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ LOGD("data[%d] is %d ",i,result[i]); } } JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_example_javer_myapplication_MainActivity_stringFromJNI( JNIEnv *env, jobject /* this */) { std::string hello = "Hello from C++"; test(); return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str()); } }
執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
09-07 12:03:08.335 11709-11709/? D/TEST_NEON:
data[0] is 242
data[1] is 242
data[2] is 242
data[3] is 242
data[4] is 242
data[5] is 242
data[6] is 242
data[7] is 242
代碼中,test函數(shù)中實現(xiàn)了兩個64位neon寄存器的乘法。
vdup是數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制指令,這里把128這個8位的數(shù)復(fù)制到一個64位的寄存器中,64位能存放8個8位的數(shù),因此,此時a指向的neon寄存器存放了8個128。
兩個8位的數(shù)相乘,結(jié)果可能是16位的,因此,結(jié)果需要用一個128位的寄存器來保存。int16x8就表示的是一個128位的寄存器。
vmull_s8把a(bǔ),b相乘,并將結(jié)果保存在c中。c指向的是neon的128位寄存器,因此,我們需要把結(jié)果寫回內(nèi)存。
vst1q_s16把c中的數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)會result指向的內(nèi)存中。
這是一個簡單的測試neon指令的代碼,通過這個代碼我們能清晰的認(rèn)識到neon加速的原理:一次裝載8個8位的數(shù)到64位寄存器,一條指令能把實現(xiàn)兩個8*8的數(shù)據(jù)塊的乘法。
這樣效率不就接近提升8倍么?當(dāng)然沒有這么理想,畢竟裝載數(shù)據(jù)和寫回數(shù)據(jù)也是需要時間的。
實戰(zhàn)嘗試
接下來,嘗試一個比較簡單的rgb轉(zhuǎn)灰度圖的code:
void normal_convert (uint8_t * __restrict dest, uint8_t * __restrict src, int n) { int i; for (i=0; i<n; i++) { int r = *src++; // load red int g = *src++; // load green int b = *src++; // load blue // build weighted average: int y = (r*77)+(g*151)+(b*28); // undo the scale by 256 and write to memory: *dest++ = (y>>8); } } void neon_convert (uint8_t * __restrict dest, uint8_t * __restrict src, int n) { int i; uint8x8_t rfac = vdup_n_u8 (77); uint8x8_t gfac = vdup_n_u8 (151); uint8x8_t bfac = vdup_n_u8 (28); n/=8; for (i=0; i<n; i++) { uint16x8_t temp; uint8x8x3_t rgb = vld3_u8 (src); uint8x8_t result; temp = vmull_u8 (rgb.val[0], rfac); temp = vmlal_u8 (temp,rgb.val[1], gfac); temp = vmlal_u8 (temp,rgb.val[2], bfac); result = vshrn_n_u16 (temp, 8); vst1_u8 (dest, result); src += 8*3; dest += 8; } } void test1() { //準(zhǔn)備一張圖片,使用軟件模擬生成,格式為rgb rgb .. uint32_t const array_size = 2048*2048; uint8_t * rgb = new uint8_t[array_size*3]; for(int i=0;i<array_size;i++){ rgb[i*3]=234; rgb[i*3+1]=94; rgb[i*3+2]=23; } //灰度圖大小為rgb的1/3 uint8_t * gray = new uint8_t[array_size]; struct timeval tv1,tv2; gettimeofday(&tv1,NULL); normal_convert(gray,rgb,array_size); gettimeofday(&tv2,NULL); LOGD("pure cpu cost time:%ld",(tv2.tv_sec-tv1.tv_sec)*1000000+(tv2.tv_usec-tv1.tv_usec)); gettimeofday(&tv1,NULL); neon_convert(gray,rgb,array_size); gettimeofday(&tv2,NULL); LOGD("neon cost time:%ld",(tv2.tv_sec-tv1.tv_sec)*1000000+(tv2.tv_usec-tv1.tv_usec)); delete[] rgb; delete[] gray; } JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_example_javer_myapplication_MainActivity_stringFromJNI( JNIEnv *env, jobject /* this */) { std::string hello = "Hello from C++"; test1(); return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str()); }
具體的指令就不一一說明了,大家參考neon匯編指令集,對照著看就好。
純cpu耗時53ms,neon優(yōu)化后耗時43ms,提升非常有限,跟提升近8倍的預(yù)期相差甚遠(yuǎn)。這主要是因為c轉(zhuǎn)換為匯編后,生成的匯編指令不夠簡潔,使得效率大大降低。因此,接下來,使用匯編對代碼進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。
CMake添加匯編支持
為了在Cmake中編譯匯編文件,我們需要在CMakeLists.txt文件中申明對匯編語言的支持,添加ENABLE_LANGUAGE(ASM)即可實現(xiàn)對匯編的支持,接著將匯編文件添加進(jìn)來,此處貼出完整的CMakeLists.txt文件供大家參考:
# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the # documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html # Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library. cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1) # Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC # or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code. # You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you. # Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK. ENABLE_LANGUAGE(ASM) add_library( # Sets the name of the library. native-lib # Sets the library as a shared library. SHARED # Provides a relative path to your source file(s). src/main/cpp/Neon.S src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp ) # Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a # variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by # default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library # you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before # completing its build. find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable. log-lib # Specifies the name of the NDK library that # you want CMake to locate. log ) # Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You # can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this # build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries. target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library. native-lib # Links the target library to the log library # included in the NDK. ${log-lib} )
實現(xiàn)匯編Neon優(yōu)化
然后在cpp文件中申明:
void neon_asm_convert(uint8_t * dest, uint8_t * src,int n);
注意,這個申明是包含在extern “C”中的。 然后在Neon.S中實現(xiàn)neon_asm_convert函數(shù):
.globl neon_asm_convert neon_asm_convert: # r0: Ptr to destination data # r1: Ptr to source data # r2: Iteration count: push {r4-r5,lr} lsr r2, r2, #3 # build the three constants: mov r3, #77 mov r4, #151 mov r5, #28 vdup.8 d3, r3 vdup.8 d4, r4 vdup.8 d5, r5 .loop: # load 8 pixels: vld3.8 {d0-d2}, [r1]! # do the weight average: vmull.u8 q3, d0, d3 vmlal.u8 q3, d1, d4 vmlal.u8 q3, d2, d5 # shift and store: vshrn.u16 d6, q3, #8 vst1.8 {d6}, [r0]! subs r2, r2, #1 bne .loop pop { r4-r5, pc }
為了對比結(jié)果的正確性,專門寫了個比對函數(shù):
int compare(uint8_t *a,uint8_t* b,int n) { for(int i=0;i<n;i++){ if(a[i]!=b[i]){ return -1; } } return 0; }
并將結(jié)果打印在時間后面:
LOGD("neon c cost time:%ld,result is %d",(tv2.tv_sec-tv1.tv_sec)*1000000+(tv2.tv_usec-tv1.tv_usec),result);
三者對比:
09-07 17:12:19.946 25861-25861/com.example.javer.myapplication D/TEST_NEON: pure cpu cost time:57073
09-07 17:12:20.012 25861-25861/com.example.javer.myapplication D/TEST_NEON: neon c cost time:45460,result is 0
09-07 17:12:20.034 25861-25861/com.example.javer.myapplication D/TEST_NEON: neon asm cost time:3397,result is 0
09-07 17:12:25.271 25861-25861/com.example.javer.myapplication D/TEST_NEON: pure cpu cost time:57404
09-07 17:12:25.336 25861-25861/com.example.javer.myapplication D/TEST_NEON: neon c cost time:45166,result is 0
09-07 17:12:25.359 25861-25861/com.example.javer.myapplication D/TEST_NEON: neon asm cost time:3493,result is 0
最終發(fā)現(xiàn),匯編執(zhí)行的結(jié)果完全正確,時間提升超過了16倍?。。。。。。。。。?! 我甚至不敢相信能提升這么多。。??蓪Ρ鹊慕Y(jié)果是完全一樣?。?!這…….
如果程序有問題,感謝大神指出。
最后附完整代碼: native_lib.cpp:
#include <jni.h> #include <string> #include <arm_neon.h> #include <android/log.h> #define LOG_TAG "TEST_NEON" #define LOGD(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__) #define LOGI(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__) extern "C"{ void neon_asm_convert(uint8_t * dest, uint8_t * src,int n); void test() { int16_t result[8]; int8x8_t a = vdup_n_s8(121); int8x8_t b = vdup_n_s8(2); int16x8_t c; c = vmull_s8(a,b); vst1q_s16(result,c); for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ LOGD("data[%d] is %d ",i,result[i]); } } void normal_convert (uint8_t * __restrict dest, uint8_t * __restrict src, int n) { int i; for (i=0; i<n; i++) { int r = *src++; // load red int g = *src++; // load green int b = *src++; // load blue // build weighted average: int y = (r*77)+(g*151)+(b*28); // undo the scale by 256 and write to memory: *dest++ = (y>>8); } } void neon_convert (uint8_t * __restrict dest, uint8_t * __restrict src, int n) { int i; uint8x8_t rfac = vdup_n_u8 (77); uint8x8_t gfac = vdup_n_u8 (151); uint8x8_t bfac = vdup_n_u8 (28); n/=8; for (i=0; i<n; i++) { uint16x8_t temp; uint8x8x3_t rgb = vld3_u8 (src); uint8x8_t result; temp = vmull_u8 (rgb.val[0], rfac); temp = vmlal_u8 (temp,rgb.val[1], gfac); temp = vmlal_u8 (temp,rgb.val[2], bfac); result = vshrn_n_u16 (temp, 8); vst1_u8 (dest, result); src += 8*3; dest += 8; } } int compare(uint8_t *a,uint8_t* b,int n) { for(int i=0;i<n;i++){ if(a[i]!=b[i]){ return -1; } } return 0; } void test1() { //準(zhǔn)備一張圖片,使用軟件模擬生成,格式為rgb rgb .. uint32_t const array_size = 2048*2048; uint8_t * rgb = new uint8_t[array_size*3]; for(int i=0;i<array_size;i++){ rgb[i*3]=234; rgb[i*3+1]=94; rgb[i*3+2]=23; } //灰度圖大小為rgb的1/3 uint8_t * gray_cpu = new uint8_t[array_size]; uint8_t * gray_neon = new uint8_t[array_size]; uint8_t * gray_neon_asm = new uint8_t[array_size]; struct timeval tv1,tv2; gettimeofday(&tv1,NULL); normal_convert(gray_cpu,rgb,array_size); gettimeofday(&tv2,NULL); LOGD("pure cpu cost time:%ld",(tv2.tv_sec-tv1.tv_sec)*1000000+(tv2.tv_usec-tv1.tv_usec)); gettimeofday(&tv1,NULL); neon_convert(gray_neon,rgb,array_size); gettimeofday(&tv2,NULL); bool result = compare(gray_cpu,gray_neon,array_size); LOGD("neon c cost time:%ld,result is %d",(tv2.tv_sec-tv1.tv_sec)*1000000+(tv2.tv_usec-tv1.tv_usec),result); gettimeofday(&tv1,NULL); neon_asm_convert(gray_neon_asm,rgb,array_size); gettimeofday(&tv2,NULL); result = compare(gray_cpu,gray_neon_asm,array_size); LOGD("neon asm cost time:%ld,result is %d",(tv2.tv_sec-tv1.tv_sec)*1000000+(tv2.tv_usec-tv1.tv_usec),result); delete[] rgb; delete[] gray_cpu; delete[] gray_neon; delete[] gray_neon_asm; } JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_example_javer_myapplication_MainActivity_stringFromJNI( JNIEnv *env, jobject /* this */) { std::string hello = "Hello from C++"; test1(); return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str()); } }
Neon.S
.globl neon_asm_convert neon_asm_convert: # r0: Ptr to destination data # r1: Ptr to source data # r2: Iteration count: push {r4-r5,lr} lsr r2, r2, #3 # build the three constants: mov r3, #77 mov r4, #151 mov r5, #28 vdup.8 d3, r3 vdup.8 d4, r4 vdup.8 d5, r5 .loop: # load 8 pixels: vld3.8 {d0-d2}, [r1]! # do the weight average: vmull.u8 q3, d0, d3 vmlal.u8 q3, d1, d4 vmlal.u8 q3, d2, d5 # shift and store: vshrn.u16 d6, q3, #8 vst1.8 {d6}, [r0]! subs r2, r2, #1 bne .loop pop { r4-r5, pc }
以上就是Android neon 優(yōu)化實踐示例的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于Android neon 優(yōu)化的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!
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