Springboot實現(xiàn)多數(shù)據(jù)源切換詳情
更新時間：2022年09月07日 11:41:23 作者：何憶清風(fēng)
這篇文章主要介紹了Springboot實現(xiàn)多數(shù)據(jù)源切換詳情，文章圍繞主題展開詳細的內(nèi)容介紹，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的朋友可以參考一下
1. 實現(xiàn)效果
1.1 controller
最終實現(xiàn)效果，在接口上標(biāo)記上 @Router 注解用來標(biāo)記當(dāng)前接口需要根據(jù)參數(shù)中的某個字段進行數(shù)據(jù)的切換
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Resource
private UserMapper userMapper;
@GetMapping("/save")
@Router(routingFiled = "id")
@Transactional
public void saveUser(@RequestParam("id") String id){
User user = new User();
user.setAge("123");
user.setId(Long.valueOf(id));
user.setName("zs");
//設(shè)置表的后綴名稱，在mybatis執(zhí)行sql時可以獲取
user.setTableSuffix(MultiDataSourceHolder.getTableIndex());
userMapper.insert(user);
}
@GetMapping("/get")
@Router(routingFiled = "id")
public User getUser(@RequestParam("id") String id){
return userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(Long.valueOf(id),MultiDataSourceHolder.getTableIndex());
}
}1.2 mybatis.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zhj.multiple.mapper.UserMapper">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.zhj.multiple.entity.User">
<!--@mbg.generated-->
<id column="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" property="id" />
<result column="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="name" />
<result column="age" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="age" />
</resultMap>
<sql id="Base_Column_List">
<!--@mbg.generated-->
id, `name`, age
</sql>
<select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
<!--@mbg.generated-->
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
<!--通過${}獲取出表名，為什么不是用#呢？因為表名是在內(nèi)部進行計算，不用擔(dān)心sql注入的問題，而且$進行獲取是直接將表名進行拼接上，不會使用預(yù)處理-->
from user${tableName}
where id = #{id,jdbcType=BIGINT}
</select>
<insert id="insert" keyColumn="id" keyProperty="id" parameterType="com.zhj.multiple.entity.User" useGeneratedKeys="true">
<!--@mbg.generated-->
insert into user${tableSuffix} (id ,`name`, age)
values (#{id},#{name,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{age,jdbcType=VARCHAR})
</insert>
</mapper>1.3 application.yml
#showSql
logging:
level:
com:
zhj:
mapper : debug
server:
port: 8081
# 配置路由分庫分表的策略
datasource:
stragegy:
dataSourceNum: 2 #庫的個數(shù)
tableNum: 2 #表的個數(shù)
routingFiled: 'userId' #根據(jù)哪個字段來進行分庫分表
tableSuffixStyle: '%04d' #表的索引值 4位補齊 例如：_0003
tableSuffixConnect: '_' #表的連接風(fēng)格 order_
routingStategy: 'ROUTING_DS_TABLE_STATEGY' #表的策略，啟動時會根據(jù)表的策略進行驗證
#配置數(shù)據(jù)源
multiple:
data0:
user: root
password: root
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.60.46:3306/multiple-0?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
data1:
user: root
password: root
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.60.46:3306/multiple-1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver1.4 啟動類
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
@MapperScan("com.zhj.multiple.mapper")
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class MultipleApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MultipleApplication.class, args);
}
}2. 注解
2.1 @Router
/**
* 路由注解
*/
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Documented
public @interface Router {
/**
* 路由字段
*
* @return 默認路由字段是參數(shù)中的哪一個
*/
String routingFiled() default MultipleConstant.DEFAULT_ROUTING_FIELD;
}3. 分庫策略
3.1 MultipleConstant
目前有三種分庫的策略：
- 多庫多表
- 多庫單表
- 單庫多表
@Data
public class MultipleConstant {
/**
* 多庫多表策略
*/
public static final String ROUTING_DS_TABLE_STATEGY = "ROUTING_DS_TABLE_STATEGY";
/**
* 多庫單表策略
*/
public static final String ROUTGING_DS_STATEGY = "ROUTGING_DS_STATEGY";
/**
* 單庫多表策略
*/
public static final String ROUTGIN_TABLE_STATEGY = "ROUTGIN_TABLE_STATEGY";
/**
* 默認的路由字段
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_ROUTING_FIELD = "accountId";
}3.2 IRoutingInterface
路由的頂級接口，用于定義一些通用的方法
public interface IRoutingInterface {
/**
* 根據(jù)字段key計算出數(shù)據(jù)庫
* @param routingFiled
* @return
*/
String calDataSourceKey(String routingFiled);
/**
* 獲取路由字段的hashCode
* @param routingFiled
* @return
*/
Integer getRoutingFileHashCode(String routingFiled);
/**
* 計算出表名
* @param routingFiled
* @return
*/
String calTableKey(String routingFiled);
/**
* 計算出表的前綴
* @param tableIndex
* @return
*/
String getFormatTableSuffix(Integer tableIndex);
}3.3 AbstractRouting
@EnableConfigurationProperties({MultipleStategyProperties.class})
@Data
@Slf4j
public abstract class AbstractRouting implements IRoutingInterface, InitializingBean {
@Resource
private MultipleStategyProperties multipleStategyProperties;
@Override
public Integer getRoutingFileHashCode(String routingFiled){
return Math.abs(routingFiled.hashCode());
}
/**
* 獲取表的后綴
* @param tableIndex 表索引
*/
@Override
public String getFormatTableSuffix(Integer tableIndex){
//獲取連接符
String tableSuffixConnect = multipleStategyProperties.getTableSuffixConnect();
//根據(jù)配置風(fēng)格格式化表后綴名稱
String format = String.format(multipleStategyProperties.getTableSuffixStyle(), tableIndex);
return tableSuffixConnect + format;
}
/**
* 工程啟動時，檢驗配置的數(shù)據(jù)源是否跟策略相似，實現(xiàn)了 InitializingBean 初始化后會執(zhí)行當(dāng)前方法
*/
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet(){
switch (multipleStategyProperties.getRoutingStategy()) {
case MultipleConstant.ROUTING_DS_TABLE_STATEGY:
checkRoutingDsTableStategyConfig();
break;
case MultipleConstant.ROUTGING_DS_STATEGY:
checkRoutingDsStategyConfig();
break;
default:
checkRoutingTableStategyConfig();
break;
}
}
/**
* 檢查多庫 多表配置
*/
private void checkRoutingDsTableStategyConfig() {
if(multipleStategyProperties.getTableNum()<=1 ||multipleStategyProperties.getDataSourceNum()<=1){
log.error("你的配置項routingStategy:{}是多庫多表配置,數(shù)據(jù)庫個數(shù)>1," +
"每一個庫中表的個數(shù)必須>1,您的配置:數(shù)據(jù)庫個數(shù):{},表的個數(shù):{}",multipleStategyProperties.getRoutingStategy(),
multipleStategyProperties.getDataSourceNum(),multipleStategyProperties.getTableNum());
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
/**
* 檢查多庫一表的路由配置項
*/
private void checkRoutingDsStategyConfig() {
if(multipleStategyProperties.getTableNum()!=1 ||multipleStategyProperties.getDataSourceNum()<=1){
log.error("你的配置項routingStategy:{}是多庫一表配置,數(shù)據(jù)庫個數(shù)>1," +
"每一個庫中表的個數(shù)必須=1,您的配置:數(shù)據(jù)庫個數(shù):{},表的個數(shù):{}",multipleStategyProperties.getRoutingStategy(),
multipleStategyProperties.getDataSourceNum(),multipleStategyProperties.getTableNum());
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
/**
* 檢查一庫多表的路由配置項
*/
private void checkRoutingTableStategyConfig() {
if(multipleStategyProperties.getTableNum()<=1 ||multipleStategyProperties.getDataSourceNum()!=1){
log.error("你的配置項routingStategy:{}是一庫多表配置,數(shù)據(jù)庫個數(shù)=1," +
"每一個庫中表的個數(shù)必須>1,您的配置:數(shù)據(jù)庫個數(shù):{},表的個數(shù):{}",multipleStategyProperties.getRoutingStategy(),
multipleStategyProperties.getDataSourceNum(),multipleStategyProperties.getTableNum());
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
}3.4 RoutingDsAndTbStrategy
目前實現(xiàn)了一個多庫多表的策略進行配置，其余兩個分庫算法可以自行實現(xiàn)
@Slf4j
public class RoutingDsAndTbStrategy extends AbstractRouting {
/**
* 確定數(shù)據(jù)源的key
* @param routingFiled
* @return
*/
@Override
public String calDataSourceKey(String routingFiled) {
//計算hash值
Integer routingFileHashCode = getRoutingFileHashCode(routingFiled);
//定位數(shù)據(jù)源
int dsIndex = routingFileHashCode % getMultipleStategyProperties().getDataSourceNum();
String dataSourceKey = getMultipleStategyProperties().getDataSourceKeysMapping().get(dsIndex);
//將數(shù)據(jù)源key放入持有器當(dāng)中
MultiDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceHolder(dataSourceKey);
log.info("根據(jù)路由字段:{},值:{},計算出數(shù)據(jù)庫索引值:{},數(shù)據(jù)源key的值:{}",getMultipleStategyProperties().getRoutingFiled(),routingFiled,dsIndex,dataSourceKey);
return dataSourceKey;
}
/**
* 計算表的key
* @param routingFiled
* @return
*/
@Override
public String calTableKey(String routingFiled) {
//獲取到當(dāng)前key的hash
Integer routingFileHashCode = getRoutingFileHashCode(routingFiled);
//通過hash值取模，獲取到對應(yīng)的索引值
int tbIndex = routingFileHashCode % getMultipleStategyProperties().getTableNum();
//獲取表后綴
String formatTableSuffix = getFormatTableSuffix(tbIndex);
//將表名設(shè)置到上下文中，方便后續(xù)同線程獲取到對應(yīng)的表名
MultiDataSourceHolder.setTableIndexHolder(formatTableSuffix);
return formatTableSuffix;
}
}3.5 RoutingDsStrategy
多庫單表：
public class RoutingDsStrategy extends AbstractRouting {
@Override
public String calDataSourceKey(String routingFiled) {
return null;
}
@Override
public String calTableKey(String routingFiled) {
return null;
}
}3.6 RoutingTbStrategy
單庫多表策略：
public class RoutingTbStrategy extends AbstractRouting {
@Override
public String calDataSourceKey(String routingFiled) {
return null;
}
@Override
public String calTableKey(String routingFiled) {
return null;
}
}4. 配置類
以下兩個配置：
MultipleStategyProperties：用于配置數(shù)據(jù)庫策略，有多少庫，多少表，以及表名
4.1 MultipleStategyProperties
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource.stragegy")
@Data
public class MultipleStategyProperties {
/**
* 默認是一個數(shù)據(jù)庫 默認一個
*/
private Integer dataSourceNum = 1;
/**
* 每一個庫對應(yīng)表的個數(shù) 默認是一個
*/
private Integer tableNum = 1;
/**
* 路由字段 必須在配置文件中配置(不配置會拋出異常)
*/
private String routingFiled;
/**
* 數(shù)據(jù)庫的映射關(guān)系
*/
private Map<Integer,String> dataSourceKeysMapping;
/**
* 表的后綴連接風(fēng)格 比如order_
*/
private String tableSuffixConnect="_";
/**
* 表的索引值 格式化為四位 不足左補零 1->0001 然后在根據(jù)tableSuffixConnect屬性拼接成
* 成一個完整的表名 比如 order表 所以為1 那么數(shù)據(jù)庫表明為 order_0001
*/
private String tableSuffixStyle= "%04d";
/**
* 默認的多庫多表策略
*/
private String routingStategy = MultipleConstant.ROUTING_DS_TABLE_STATEGY;
}4.2 MultipleStategyProperties
@Configuration
public class MultipleDataSourceStrategyConfig {
/**
* 當(dāng)配置文件里面包含某個配置，并且值是多少時生效
*
* @return routing interface
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "datasource.stragegy",name = "routingStategy",havingValue = "ROUTING_DS_TABLE_STATEGY")
public IRoutingInterface routingDsAndTbStrategy(){
return new RoutingDsAndTbStrategy();
}
/**
* Routing ds strategy
*
* @return the routing interface
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "datasource.stragegy",name = "routingStategy",havingValue = "ROUTGING_DS_STATEGY")
public IRoutingInterface routingDsStrategy(){
return new RoutingDsStrategy();
}
/**
* Routing tb strategy
*
* @return the routing interface
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "datasource.stragegy",name = "routingStategy",havingValue = "ROUTGIN_TABLE_STATEGY")
public IRoutingInterface routingTbStrategy(){
return new RoutingTbStrategy();
}
}4.3 MultipleDataSourceStrategyConfig
根據(jù)對應(yīng)的配置創(chuàng)建不同的分庫策略
@Configuration
public class MultipleDataSourceStrategyConfig {
/**
* 當(dāng)配置文件里面包含某個配置，并且值是多少時生效
*
* @return routing interface
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "datasource.stragegy",name = "routingStategy",havingValue = "ROUTING_DS_TABLE_STATEGY")
public IRoutingInterface routingDsAndTbStrategy(){
return new RoutingDsAndTbStrategy();
}
/**
* Routing ds strategy
*
* @return the routing interface
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "datasource.stragegy",name = "routingStategy",havingValue = "ROUTGING_DS_STATEGY")
public IRoutingInterface routingDsStrategy(){
return new RoutingDsStrategy();
}
/**
* Routing tb strategy
*
* @return the routing interface
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "datasource.stragegy",name = "routingStategy",havingValue = "ROUTGIN_TABLE_STATEGY")
public IRoutingInterface routingTbStrategy(){
return new RoutingTbStrategy();
}
}4.4 MultipleDataSourceConfig
多數(shù)據(jù)源自動裝配類，其中創(chuàng)建了多個數(shù)據(jù)源，通過 spring提供的 AbstractRoutingDataSource 類進行數(shù)據(jù)源的切換
@Configuration
//開啟數(shù)據(jù)源以及數(shù)據(jù)分庫策略配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties({MultipleDataSourceProperties.class, MultipleStategyProperties.class})
public class MultipleDataSourceConfig {
@Resource
private MultipleDataSourceProperties multipleDataSourceProperties;
@Resource
private MultipleStategyProperties multipleStategyProperties;
/**
* 配置數(shù)據(jù)源
* @return
*/
@Bean("data0")
public DataSource dataSource0(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUsername(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData0().getUser());
druidDataSource.setPassword(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData0().getPassword());
druidDataSource.setUrl(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData0().getUrl());
druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData0().getDriver());
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("data1")
public DataSource dataSource1(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUsername(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData1().getUser());
druidDataSource.setPassword(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData1().getPassword());
druidDataSource.setUrl(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData1().getUrl());
druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(multipleDataSourceProperties.getData1().getDriver());
return druidDataSource;
}
/**
* 設(shè)置多數(shù)據(jù)源
* @param data0
* @param data1
* @return
*/
@Bean
public MultiDataSource multiDataSource(DataSource data0,DataSource data1){
//將多個數(shù)據(jù)與數(shù)據(jù)源關(guān)聯(lián)起來
MultiDataSource multiDataSource = new MultiDataSource();
HashMap<Object, Object> multiMap = new HashMap<>();
multiMap.put("data0",data0);
multiMap.put("data1",data1);
//設(shè)置目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)源
multiDataSource.setTargetDataSources(multiMap);
//設(shè)置默認的數(shù)據(jù)源
multiDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(data0);
//設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)源名稱的映射
Map<Integer, String> multiMappings = new HashMap<>();
multiMappings.put(0,"data0");
multiMappings.put(1,"data1");
multipleStategyProperties.setDataSourceKeysMapping(multiMappings);
return multiDataSource;
}
/**
* 將多數(shù)據(jù)源設(shè)置進mybatis的工廠類中
* @param multiDataSource
* @return
*/
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("multiDataSource") MultiDataSource multiDataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(multiDataSource);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:/mybatis/mappers/*.xml"));
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.zhj.multiple.entity");
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory){
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}
/**
* 將多數(shù)據(jù)源設(shè)置到事務(wù)管理器中
*
* @param multiDataSource
* @return
*/
@Bean
public DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager(@Qualifier("multiDataSource") MultiDataSource multiDataSource){
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(multiDataSource);
}
}4.5 MultiDataSource
覆寫 AbstractRoutingDataSource.determineCurrentLookupKey() 的方法，在mybatis中通過 Datasource.getConnection() 會調(diào)用 determineCurrentLookupKey() 獲取到對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)源，然后通過數(shù)據(jù)源獲取到連接，其中內(nèi)部維護了一個 Map 來保存數(shù)據(jù)源的映射關(guān)系
public class MultiDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
/**
* 獲取到指定的數(shù)據(jù)源
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
return MultiDataSourceHolder.getDataSourceKey();
}
}5. 全局上下文
用于保存數(shù)據(jù)庫、表名，方便后續(xù)使用
5.1 MultiDataSourceHolder
@Data
public class MultiDataSourceHolder {
/**
* 存儲數(shù)據(jù)源
*/
private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSourceHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
/**
* 存儲表的索引
*/
private static final ThreadLocal<String> tableIndexHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
/**
* Get data source key
*
* @return the string
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public static String getDataSourceKey(){
return dataSourceHolder.get();
}
/**
* Get table index
*
* @return the string
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public static String getTableIndex(){
return tableIndexHolder.get();
}
/**
* Clear data source key
*
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public static void clearDataSourceKey(){
dataSourceHolder.remove();
}
/**
* Clear table index
*
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public static void clearTableIndex(){
tableIndexHolder.remove();
}
/**
* Set data source holder
*
* @param key key
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public static void setDataSourceHolder(String key){
dataSourceHolder.set(key);
}
/**
* Set table index holder
*
* @param key key
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public static void setTableIndexHolder(String key){
tableIndexHolder.set(key);
}
}6. 切面
6.1 RoutingAspect
通過路由切面進行 @Router 注解的處理，提前將數(shù)據(jù)庫的key以及表名的后綴獲取出來進行存儲
@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RoutingAspect {
@Resource
private IRoutingInterface iRoutingInterface;
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.zhj.multiple.annotations.Router)")
public void pointCut(){};
@Before("pointCut()")
public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
//獲取方法調(diào)用名稱
Method method = getInvokeMethod(joinPoint);
//獲取方法指定的注解
Router router = method.getAnnotation(Router.class);
//獲取指定的路由key
String routingFiled = router.routingFiled();
if(Objects.nonNull(router)){
boolean havingRoutingField = false;
//獲取到http請求
HttpServletRequest requestAttributes = ((ServletRequestAttributes)RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
//優(yōu)先獲取@ReqeustParam注解中的路由字段
String routingFieldValue = requestAttributes.getParameter(routingFiled);
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(routingFieldValue)){
//計算數(shù)據(jù)庫key
String dbKey = iRoutingInterface.calDataSourceKey(routingFieldValue);
//計算表索引
String tableIndex = iRoutingInterface.calTableKey(routingFieldValue);
log.info("選擇的dbkey是:{},tableKey是:{}",dbKey,tableIndex);
}else {
//獲取方法入?yún)?
Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
if(args != null && args.length > 0) {
for(int index = 0; index < args.length; index++) {
//找到參數(shù)當(dāng)中路由字段的值
routingFieldValue = BeanUtils.getProperty(args[index],routingFiled);
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(routingFieldValue)) {
//計算數(shù)據(jù)庫key
String dbKey = iRoutingInterface.calDataSourceKey(routingFieldValue);
//計算表索引
String tableIndex = iRoutingInterface.calTableKey(routingFieldValue);
log.info("選擇的dbkey是:{},tableKey是:{}",dbKey,tableIndex);
havingRoutingField = true;
break;
}
}
//判斷入?yún)⒅袥]有路由字段
if(!havingRoutingField) {
log.warn("入?yún)}中沒有包含路由字段:{}",args,routingFiled);
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
}
}
}
private Method getInvokeMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
Signature signature = joinPoint.getSignature();
MethodSignature methodSignature = (MethodSignature)signature;
Method targetMethod = methodSignature.getMethod();
return targetMethod;
}
/**
* 清除線程緩存
* @param joinPoint
*/
@After("pointCut()")
public void methodAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint){
MultiDataSourceHolder.clearDataSourceKey();
MultiDataSourceHolder.clearTableIndex();
}
}到此這篇關(guān)于Springboot實現(xiàn)多數(shù)據(jù)源切換詳情的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Springboot多數(shù)據(jù)源切換內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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