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Java基于UDP協(xié)議的聊天室功能

更新時(shí)間：2022年09月16日 17:20:05 作者：一只碼農(nóng)菜汪

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了Java基于UDP協(xié)議的聊天室功能，文中示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

UDP簡(jiǎn)述

UDP（User Datagram Protocol）協(xié)議是Internet 協(xié)議集支持的一個(gè)無(wú)連接的傳輸協(xié)議，中文名為用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議。它為應(yīng)用程序提供了一種無(wú)需建立連接就可以發(fā)送封裝的 IP 數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)的方法。

Internet 的傳輸層有兩個(gè)主要協(xié)議，互為補(bǔ)充。無(wú)連接的是 UDP，它除了給應(yīng)用程序發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)包功能并允許它們?cè)谒璧膶哟紊霞軜?gòu)自己的協(xié)議之外，幾乎沒(méi)有做什么特別的事情。面向連接的是TCP，該協(xié)議幾乎做了所有的事情。“when in trouble ， use TCP”。

那么今天講講如何使用UDP協(xié)議構(gòu)建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的小型聊天室。ChatA先發(fā)起聊天，然后ChatB才能在控制臺(tái)輸入聊天內(nèi)容。如果想結(jié)束聊天可以輸入over，當(dāng)一方結(jié)束聊天，另一方也將結(jié)束聊天。

ChatA類(客戶端A)：

代碼展示如下：

package my.demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.Scanner;

//客戶端A
public class ChatA {
?? ?public static void main(String[] args) {
?? ??? ?//控制臺(tái)輸入
?? ??? ?Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?// 創(chuàng)建基于UDP協(xié)議的DatagramSocket對(duì)象
?? ??? ?// 客戶端A監(jiān)聽(tīng)8888端口
?? ??? ?try (DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888)) {
?? ??? ??? ?//封裝成DatagramPacket對(duì)象(數(shù)據(jù)包)
?? ??? ??? ?DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?new byte[1024],
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?1024,
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?new InetSocketAddress("192.168.254.105", 7777));//對(duì)方的IP地址和端口號(hào)
?? ??? ??? ?DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);
?? ??? ??? ?while (true) {
?? ??? ??? ??? ?// 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)包
?? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.print("【客戶端A】（你）說(shuō): ");
?? ??? ??? ??? ?String sendContent = input.nextLine();
?? ??? ??? ??? ?sendPacket.setData(sendContent.getBytes());
?? ??? ??? ??? ?socket.send(sendPacket);
?? ??? ??? ??? ?if (sendContent.equals("over")) {
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.println("你退出了聊天......");
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?break;
?? ??? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ??? ?// 接收數(shù)據(jù)包
?? ??? ??? ??? ?socket.receive(receivePacket);
?? ??? ??? ??? ?String receiveContent = new String(
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?receivePacket.getData(), ? //數(shù)據(jù)
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?receivePacket.getOffset(), //讀取位置
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?receivePacket.getLength());//長(zhǎng)度
?? ??? ??? ??? ?if (receiveContent.equals("over")) {
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.println("對(duì)方退出了聊天......");
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?break;
?? ??? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.println("【客戶端B】（他）說(shuō): " + receiveContent);
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?} catch (SocketException e) {
?? ??? ??? ?e.printStackTrace();
?? ??? ?} catch (IOException e) {
?? ??? ??? ?e.printStackTrace();
?? ??? ?}
?? ?}
}

ChatB類(客戶端B)：

代碼展示如下：

package my.demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.Scanner;

//客戶端B
public class ChatB {
?? ?public static void main(String[] args) {
?? ??? ?// 控制臺(tái)輸入
?? ??? ?Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

?? ??? ?try (// 客戶端B監(jiān)聽(tīng)7777端口
?? ??? ??? ??? ?DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(7777)) {
?? ??? ??? ?// 封裝成DatagramPacket對(duì)象(數(shù)據(jù)包)
?? ??? ??? ?DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024,
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?new InetSocketAddress("192.168.254.105", 8888));// 對(duì)方的IP地址和端口號(hào)
?? ??? ??? ?DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);

?? ??? ??? ?while (true) {
?? ??? ??? ??? ?// 接收數(shù)據(jù)包
?? ??? ??? ??? ?socket.receive(receivePacket);
?? ??? ??? ??? ?String receiveContent = new String(receivePacket.getData(), receivePacket.getOffset(),
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?receivePacket.getLength());
?? ??? ??? ??? ?if (receiveContent.equals("over")) {
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.println("對(duì)方退出了聊天......");
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?break;
?? ??? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.println("【客戶端A】（他）說(shuō): " + receiveContent);

?? ??? ??? ??? ?// 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)包
?? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.print("【客戶端B】（你）說(shuō): ");
?? ??? ??? ??? ?String sendContent = input.nextLine();
?? ??? ??? ??? ?sendPacket.setData(sendContent.getBytes());
?? ??? ??? ??? ?socket.send(sendPacket);
?? ??? ??? ??? ?if (sendContent.equals("over")) {
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?System.out.println("你退出了聊天......");
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?break;
?? ??? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?} catch (SocketException e) {
?? ??? ??? ?e.printStackTrace();
?? ??? ?} catch (IOException e) {
?? ??? ??? ?e.printStackTrace();
?? ??? ?}

?? ?}
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果展示：

1.運(yùn)行ChatA和ChatB（不分先后順序）