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SpringMVC實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)方法詳解

 更新時(shí)間:2022年09月28日 08:53:54   作者:搗蛋孩學(xué)編程  
Spring MVC 是 Spring 提供的一個(gè)基于 MVC 設(shè)計(jì)模式的輕量級(jí) Web 開發(fā)框架,本質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于 Servlet,Spring MVC 角色劃分清晰,分工明細(xì),這篇文章主要介紹了SpringMVC實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)方法

1、通過(guò)ServletAPI獲取

將HttpServletRequest作為控制器方法的形參,此時(shí)HttpServletRequest類型的參數(shù)表示封裝了當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求的請(qǐng)求報(bào)文的對(duì)象

<a th:href="@{/testServletAPI(username='admin',password=123456)}" rel="external nofollow" >測(cè)試使用testServletAPI獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)</a>
    @RequestMapping("/testServletAPI")
    //形參位置的request就表示當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求
    public String testServletAPI(HttpServletRequest request){
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
        return "success";
    }

輸出:username:admin,password:123456

2、通過(guò)控制器方法的形參獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)

在控制器方法的形參位置,設(shè)置和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)同名的形參,當(dāng)瀏覽器發(fā)送請(qǐng)求,匹配到請(qǐng)求映射時(shí),在DispatcherServlet中就會(huì)將請(qǐng)求參數(shù)賦值給相應(yīng)的形參

常見:

<a th:href="@{/testParam(username='admin',password=123456)}" rel="external nofollow" >測(cè)試通過(guò)控制器方法的形參獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)</a><br>
    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    //必須保證形參名和請(qǐng)求傳遞的參數(shù)名一致
    public String testParam(String username, String password){
        System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
        return "success";
    }

有多個(gè)同名參數(shù)(例如復(fù)選框):

<form th:action="@{/testParam}" method="get">
    用戶名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密碼:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    愛好:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="a">a
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="b">b
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="c">c<br>
    <input type="submit" value="測(cè)試通過(guò)控制器方法的形參獲取多個(gè)同名請(qǐng)求參數(shù)">
</form>
    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    //必須保證形參名和請(qǐng)求傳遞的參數(shù)名一致
    public String testParam(String username, String password,String hobby){
        System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password+",hobby:"+hobby);
        return "success";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    //必須保證形參名和請(qǐng)求傳遞的參數(shù)名一致
    public String testParam(String username, String password,String[] hobby){
        System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password+",hobby:"+ Arrays.toString(hobby));
        return "success";
    }

注:

若請(qǐng)求所傳輸?shù)恼?qǐng)求參數(shù)中有多個(gè)同名的請(qǐng)求參數(shù),此時(shí)可以在控制器方法的形參中設(shè)置字符串?dāng)?shù)組或者字符串類型的形參接收此請(qǐng)求參數(shù)

若使用字符串?dāng)?shù)組類型的形參,此參數(shù)的數(shù)組中包含了每一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù):hobby:[a, b]

若使用字符串類型的形參,此參數(shù)的值為每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中間使用逗號(hào)拼接的結(jié)果:hobby:a,b

3、@RequestParam

@RequestParam是將請(qǐng)求參數(shù)和控制器方法的形參創(chuàng)建映射關(guān)系

    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    //當(dāng)形參名和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)名不一致時(shí),通過(guò)注解@RequestParam綁定形參和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
    public String testParam(
            @RequestParam("username") String user_name,
            String password,
            String[] hobby){
        System.out.println("user_name:"+user_name+",password:"+password+",hobby:"+ Arrays.toString(hobby));
        return "success";
    }

輸出:user_name:admin,password:123456,hobby:[a, b, c]

@RequestParam注解一共有三個(gè)屬性:

value:指定為形參賦值的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)的參數(shù)名

required:設(shè)置是否必須傳輸此請(qǐng)求參數(shù),默認(rèn)值為true

若設(shè)置為true時(shí),則當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求必須傳輸value所指定的請(qǐng)求參數(shù),若沒(méi)有傳輸該請(qǐng)求參數(shù),且沒(méi)有設(shè)置defaultValue屬性,則頁(yè)面報(bào)錯(cuò)400:Required String parameter 'xxx' is not present;

若設(shè)置為false,則當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求不是必須傳輸value所指定的請(qǐng)求參數(shù),若沒(méi)有傳輸,則注解所標(biāo)識(shí)的形參的值為null

defaultValue:不管required屬性值為true或false,當(dāng)value所指定的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)沒(méi)有傳輸或傳輸?shù)闹禐?quot;"時(shí),則使用默認(rèn)值為形參賦值

4、@RequestHeader

@RequestHeader是將請(qǐng)求頭信息和控制器方法的形參創(chuàng)建映射關(guān)系

    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    //當(dāng)形參名和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)名不一致時(shí),通過(guò)注解@RequestParam綁定形參和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
    public String testParam(
            @RequestParam("username") String user_name,
            String password,
            String[] hobby,
            //通過(guò)注解@RequestHeader將請(qǐng)求頭信息和控制器方法的形參創(chuàng)建映射關(guān)系
            @RequestHeader("Host") String host){
        System.out.println("user_name:"+user_name+",password:"+password+",hobby:"+ Arrays.toString(hobby));
        System.out.println("host:"+host);
        return "success";
    }

輸出:

user_name:admin,password:123456,hobby:[a, b, c]

host:localhost:8080

@RequestHeader注解一共有三個(gè)屬性:value、required、defaultValue,用法同@RequestParam

5、@CookieValue

@CookieValue是將cookie數(shù)據(jù)和控制器方法的形參創(chuàng)建映射關(guān)系

    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    //當(dāng)形參名和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)名不一致時(shí),通過(guò)注解@RequestParam綁定形參和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
    public String testParam(
            @RequestParam("username") String user_name,
            String password,
            String[] hobby,
            //通過(guò)注解@RequestHeader將請(qǐng)求頭信息和控制器方法的形參創(chuàng)建映射關(guān)系
            @RequestHeader("Host") String host,
            //通過(guò)注解@CookieValue將cookie數(shù)據(jù)和控制器方法的形參創(chuàng)建映射關(guān)系
            @CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String JSESSIONID){
        System.out.println("user_name:"+user_name+",password:"+password+",hobby:"+ Arrays.toString(hobby));
        System.out.println("host:"+host);
        System.out.println("JSESSIONID:"+JSESSIONID);
        return "success";
    }

輸出:

user_name:admin,password:123456,hobby:[a, b, c]

host:localhost:8080 JSESSIONID:005A829F9D7222CEA96E9EF6F86B8F58

@CookieValue注解一共有三個(gè)屬性:value、required、defaultValue,用法同@RequestParam

6、通過(guò)POJO獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)

可以在控制器方法的形參位置設(shè)置一個(gè)實(shí)體類類型的形參,此時(shí)若瀏覽器傳輸?shù)恼?qǐng)求參數(shù)的參數(shù)名和實(shí)體類中的屬性名一致,那么請(qǐng)求參數(shù)就會(huì)為此屬性賦值

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;
    private String sex;
    private String email;
    public User() {
    }
    public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age, String sex, String email) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.email = email;
    }
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
<form th:action="@{/testPojo}" method="get">
    用戶名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密碼:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    性別:<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男">男<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女<br>
    年齡:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
    郵箱:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="測(cè)試通過(guò)POJO獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)">
</form>
    @RequestMapping("/testPojo")
    public String testPOJO(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        return "success";
    }

輸出:User{id=null, username='admin', password='123', age=22, sex='男', email='125jugyg@163.com'}

7、解決獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)的亂碼問(wèn)題

上述通過(guò)POJO獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)時(shí),如果使用get方式不會(huì)亂碼(Tomcat8以上已經(jīng)解決了get亂碼問(wèn)題),但是使用post方式獲取時(shí)還是會(huì)亂碼

<form th:action="@{/testPojo}" method="post">
    用戶名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密碼:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    性別:<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男">男<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女<br>
    年齡:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
    郵箱:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="測(cè)試通過(guò)POJO獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)">
</form>

輸出:

User{id=null, username='admin', password='123', age=22, sex='ç·', email='125jugyg@163.com'}

解決獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)的亂碼問(wèn)題,可以使用SpringMVC提供的編碼過(guò)濾器CharacterEncodingFilter,但是必須在web.xml中進(jìn)行注冊(cè)

    <!--配置springMVC的編碼過(guò)濾器-->
    <filter>
<!--        過(guò)濾器名稱自定義-->
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
<!--            初始化所需編碼,請(qǐng)求編碼直接設(shè)置-->
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
<!--            只需要設(shè)置響應(yīng)編碼,請(qǐng)求編碼已經(jīng)在初始化參數(shù)時(shí)設(shè)置-->
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--        所有請(qǐng)求地址均可用-->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

再次發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求無(wú)亂碼

User{id=null, username='張三', password='123456', age=22, sex='男', email='125jugyg@163.com'}

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