springboot中關(guān)于classpath:路徑使用及說明
1. 案例說明
在 resources下有model.conf文件,在配置文件中使用classpath:做為文件路徑
1.1 解決方案
1.1.1 使用ResourcePatternResolver實(shí)現(xiàn)
使用classpath:做為路徑
通過@value獲取配置文件中的路徑,后經(jīng)過ResourcePatternResolver 獲取文件
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
? ? ? ? Resource resource = resolver.getResource("classpath:model.conf");
? ? ? ? String path = resource.getFile().getCanonicalPath();1.1.2 使用 ClassPathResource實(shí)現(xiàn)
?ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("model.conf");
? ? ? ? String path = resource.getFile().getCanonicalPath();ClassPathResource使用時,文件路徑中不存在classpath:
1.1.3 使用Spring框架中ResourceUtils實(shí)現(xiàn)
File file = ResourceUtils.getFile("classpath:model.conf");
String path = file.getCanonicalPath();2. ResourceUtils使用說明
2.1 源碼展示
/**
* Utility methods for resolving resource locations to files in the
* file system. Mainly for internal use within the framework.
*
* <p>Consider using Spring's Resource abstraction in the core package
* for handling all kinds of file resources in a uniform manner.
* {@link org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader}'s {@code getResource()}
* method can resolve any location to a {@link org.springframework.core.io.Resource}
* object, which in turn allows one to obtain a {@code java.io.File} in the
* file system through its {@code getFile()} method.
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 1.1.5
* @see org.springframework.core.io.Resource
* @see org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource
* @see org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource
* @see org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource
* @see org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader
*/
public abstract class ResourceUtils {
/** Pseudo URL prefix for loading from the class path: "classpath:" */
public static final String CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX = "classpath:";
/** URL prefix for loading from the file system: "file:" */
public static final String FILE_URL_PREFIX = "file:";
/** URL prefix for loading from a jar file: "jar:" */
public static final String JAR_URL_PREFIX = "jar:";
/** URL prefix for loading from a war file on Tomcat: "war:" */
public static final String WAR_URL_PREFIX = "war:";
/** URL protocol for a file in the file system: "file" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_FILE = "file";
/** URL protocol for an entry from a jar file: "jar" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_JAR = "jar";
/** URL protocol for an entry from a war file: "war" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_WAR = "war";
/** URL protocol for an entry from a zip file: "zip" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_ZIP = "zip";
/** URL protocol for an entry from a WebSphere jar file: "wsjar" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_WSJAR = "wsjar";
/** URL protocol for an entry from a JBoss jar file: "vfszip" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_VFSZIP = "vfszip";
/** URL protocol for a JBoss file system resource: "vfsfile" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_VFSFILE = "vfsfile";
/** URL protocol for a general JBoss VFS resource: "vfs" */
public static final String URL_PROTOCOL_VFS = "vfs";
/** File extension for a regular jar file: ".jar" */
public static final String JAR_FILE_EXTENSION = ".jar";
/** Separator between JAR URL and file path within the JAR: "!/" */
public static final String JAR_URL_SEPARATOR = "!/";
/** Special separator between WAR URL and jar part on Tomcat */
public static final String WAR_URL_SEPARATOR = "*/";
/**
* Return whether the given resource location is a URL:
* either a special "classpath" pseudo URL or a standard URL.
* @param resourceLocation the location String to check
* @return whether the location qualifies as a URL
* @see #CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX
* @see java.net.URL
*/
public static boolean isUrl(@Nullable String resourceLocation) {
if (resourceLocation == null) {
return false;
}
if (resourceLocation.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {
return true;
}
try {
new URL(resourceLocation);
return true;
}
catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
return false;
}
}
/**
* Resolve the given resource location to a {@code java.net.URL}.
* <p>Does not check whether the URL actually exists; simply returns
* the URL that the given location would correspond to.
* @param resourceLocation the resource location to resolve: either a
* "classpath:" pseudo URL, a "file:" URL, or a plain file path
* @return a corresponding URL object
* @throws FileNotFoundException if the resource cannot be resolved to a URL
*/
public static URL getURL(String resourceLocation) throws FileNotFoundException {
Assert.notNull(resourceLocation, "Resource location must not be null");
if (resourceLocation.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {
String path = resourceLocation.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length());
ClassLoader cl = ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader();
URL url = (cl != null ? cl.getResource(path) : ClassLoader.getSystemResource(path));
if (url == null) {
String description = "class path resource [" + path + "]";
throw new FileNotFoundException(description +
" cannot be resolved to URL because it does not exist");
}
return url;
}
try {
// try URL
return new URL(resourceLocation);
}
catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
// no URL -> treat as file path
try {
return new File(resourceLocation).toURI().toURL();
}
catch (MalformedURLException ex2) {
throw new FileNotFoundException("Resource location [" + resourceLocation +
"] is neither a URL not a well-formed file path");
}
}
}
/**
* Resolve the given resource location to a {@code java.io.File},
* i.e. to a file in the file system.
* <p>Does not check whether the file actually exists; simply returns
* the File that the given location would correspond to.
* @param resourceLocation the resource location to resolve: either a
* "classpath:" pseudo URL, a "file:" URL, or a plain file path
* @return a corresponding File object
* @throws FileNotFoundException if the resource cannot be resolved to
* a file in the file system
*/
public static File getFile(String resourceLocation) throws FileNotFoundException {
Assert.notNull(resourceLocation, "Resource location must not be null");
if (resourceLocation.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {
String path = resourceLocation.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length());
String description = "class path resource [" + path + "]";
ClassLoader cl = ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader();
URL url = (cl != null ? cl.getResource(path) : ClassLoader.getSystemResource(path));
if (url == null) {
throw new FileNotFoundException(description +
" cannot be resolved to absolute file path because it does not exist");
}
return getFile(url, description);
}
try {
// try URL
return getFile(new URL(resourceLocation));
}
catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
// no URL -> treat as file path
return new File(resourceLocation);
}
}
/**
* Resolve the given resource URL to a {@code java.io.File},
* i.e. to a file in the file system.
* @param resourceUrl the resource URL to resolve
* @return a corresponding File object
* @throws FileNotFoundException if the URL cannot be resolved to
* a file in the file system
*/
public static File getFile(URL resourceUrl) throws FileNotFoundException {
return getFile(resourceUrl, "URL");
}
/**
* Resolve the given resource URL to a {@code java.io.File},
* i.e. to a file in the file system.
* @param resourceUrl the resource URL to resolve
* @param description a description of the original resource that
* the URL was created for (for example, a class path location)
* @return a corresponding File object
* @throws FileNotFoundException if the URL cannot be resolved to
* a file in the file system
*/
public static File getFile(URL resourceUrl, String description) throws FileNotFoundException {
Assert.notNull(resourceUrl, "Resource URL must not be null");
if (!URL_PROTOCOL_FILE.equals(resourceUrl.getProtocol())) {
throw new FileNotFoundException(
description + " cannot be resolved to absolute file path " +
"because it does not reside in the file system: " + resourceUrl);
}
try {
return new File(toURI(resourceUrl).getSchemeSpecificPart());
}
catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
// Fallback for URLs that are not valid URIs (should hardly ever happen).
return new File(resourceUrl.getFile());
}
}
/**
* Resolve the given resource URI to a {@code java.io.File},
* i.e. to a file in the file system.
* @param resourceUri the resource URI to resolve
* @return a corresponding File object
* @throws FileNotFoundException if the URL cannot be resolved to
* a file in the file system
* @since 2.5
*/
public static File getFile(URI resourceUri) throws FileNotFoundException {
return getFile(resourceUri, "URI");
}
/**
* Resolve the given resource URI to a {@code java.io.File},
* i.e. to a file in the file system.
* @param resourceUri the resource URI to resolve
* @param description a description of the original resource that
* the URI was created for (for example, a class path location)
* @return a corresponding File object
* @throws FileNotFoundException if the URL cannot be resolved to
* a file in the file system
* @since 2.5
*/
public static File getFile(URI resourceUri, String description) throws FileNotFoundException {
Assert.notNull(resourceUri, "Resource URI must not be null");
if (!URL_PROTOCOL_FILE.equals(resourceUri.getScheme())) {
throw new FileNotFoundException(
description + " cannot be resolved to absolute file path " +
"because it does not reside in the file system: " + resourceUri);
}
return new File(resourceUri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
}
/**
* Determine whether the given URL points to a resource in the file system,
* i.e. has protocol "file", "vfsfile" or "vfs".
* @param url the URL to check
* @return whether the URL has been identified as a file system URL
*/
public static boolean isFileURL(URL url) {
String protocol = url.getProtocol();
return (URL_PROTOCOL_FILE.equals(protocol) || URL_PROTOCOL_VFSFILE.equals(protocol) ||
URL_PROTOCOL_VFS.equals(protocol));
}
/**
* Determine whether the given URL points to a resource in a jar file.
* i.e. has protocol "jar", "war, ""zip", "vfszip" or "wsjar".
* @param url the URL to check
* @return whether the URL has been identified as a JAR URL
*/
public static boolean isJarURL(URL url) {
String protocol = url.getProtocol();
return (URL_PROTOCOL_JAR.equals(protocol) || URL_PROTOCOL_WAR.equals(protocol) ||
URL_PROTOCOL_ZIP.equals(protocol) || URL_PROTOCOL_VFSZIP.equals(protocol) ||
URL_PROTOCOL_WSJAR.equals(protocol));
}
/**
* Determine whether the given URL points to a jar file itself,
* that is, has protocol "file" and ends with the ".jar" extension.
* @param url the URL to check
* @return whether the URL has been identified as a JAR file URL
* @since 4.1
*/
public static boolean isJarFileURL(URL url) {
return (URL_PROTOCOL_FILE.equals(url.getProtocol()) &&
url.getPath().toLowerCase().endsWith(JAR_FILE_EXTENSION));
}
/**
* Extract the URL for the actual jar file from the given URL
* (which may point to a resource in a jar file or to a jar file itself).
* @param jarUrl the original URL
* @return the URL for the actual jar file
* @throws MalformedURLException if no valid jar file URL could be extracted
*/
public static URL extractJarFileURL(URL jarUrl) throws MalformedURLException {
String urlFile = jarUrl.getFile();
int separatorIndex = urlFile.indexOf(JAR_URL_SEPARATOR);
if (separatorIndex != -1) {
String jarFile = urlFile.substring(0, separatorIndex);
try {
return new URL(jarFile);
}
catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
// Probably no protocol in original jar URL, like "jar:C:/mypath/myjar.jar".
// This usually indicates that the jar file resides in the file system.
if (!jarFile.startsWith("/")) {
jarFile = "/" + jarFile;
}
return new URL(FILE_URL_PREFIX + jarFile);
}
}
else {
return jarUrl;
}
}
/**
* Extract the URL for the outermost archive from the given jar/war URL
* (which may point to a resource in a jar file or to a jar file itself).
* <p>In the case of a jar file nested within a war file, this will return
* a URL to the war file since that is the one resolvable in the file system.
* @param jarUrl the original URL
* @return the URL for the actual jar file
* @throws MalformedURLException if no valid jar file URL could be extracted
* @since 4.1.8
* @see #extractJarFileURL(URL)
*/
public static URL extractArchiveURL(URL jarUrl) throws MalformedURLException {
String urlFile = jarUrl.getFile();
int endIndex = urlFile.indexOf(WAR_URL_SEPARATOR);
if (endIndex != -1) {
// Tomcat's "war:file:...mywar.war*/WEB-INF/lib/myjar.jar!/myentry.txt"
String warFile = urlFile.substring(0, endIndex);
if (URL_PROTOCOL_WAR.equals(jarUrl.getProtocol())) {
return new URL(warFile);
}
int startIndex = warFile.indexOf(WAR_URL_PREFIX);
if (startIndex != -1) {
return new URL(warFile.substring(startIndex + WAR_URL_PREFIX.length()));
}
}
// Regular "jar:file:...myjar.jar!/myentry.txt"
return extractJarFileURL(jarUrl);
}
/**
* Create a URI instance for the given URL,
* replacing spaces with "%20" URI encoding first.
* @param url the URL to convert into a URI instance
* @return the URI instance
* @throws URISyntaxException if the URL wasn't a valid URI
* @see java.net.URL#toURI()
*/
public static URI toURI(URL url) throws URISyntaxException {
return toURI(url.toString());
}
/**
* Create a URI instance for the given location String,
* replacing spaces with "%20" URI encoding first.
* @param location the location String to convert into a URI instance
* @return the URI instance
* @throws URISyntaxException if the location wasn't a valid URI
*/
public static URI toURI(String location) throws URISyntaxException {
return new URI(StringUtils.replace(location, " ", "%20"));
}
/**
* Set the {@link URLConnection#setUseCaches "useCaches"} flag on the
* given connection, preferring {@code false} but leaving the
* flag at {@code true} for JNLP based resources.
* @param con the URLConnection to set the flag on
*/
public static void useCachesIfNecessary(URLConnection con) {
con.setUseCaches(con.getClass().getSimpleName().startsWith("JNLP"));
}
}
2.2 常用方法
2.2.1 extractJarFileURL
public static URL extractJarFileURL(URL jarUrl)
從給定的URL (URL可以指向jar文件中的資源或jar文件本身)中提取實(shí)際jar文件的URL
2.2.2 getFile
getFile(String resourceLocation):將給定的資源位置解析為java.io.filegetFile(URI resourceUri):將給定的資源位置解析為java.io.filegetFile(String resourceLocation):將給定的資源位置解析為java.io.filegetFile(URL resourceUrl, String description):將給定的資源位置解析為java.io.filegetFile(URL resourceUrl, String description):將給定的資源位置解析為java.io.file
2.2.3 getURL
getURL(String resourceLocation)
將給定的資源位置解析為java.net.URL
2.2.4 isJarURL
isJarURL(URL url)
確定給定的URL是否指向jar文件中的資源,即具有協(xié)議“jar”、“zip”、“wsjar”或“代碼源”
2.2.5 isUrl
返回給定資源位置是否是URL:一個特殊的“classpath”偽URL還是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)URL。
2.2.6 toURI
toURI(String location):為給定的URL創(chuàng)建一個URI實(shí)例,首先用“%20”引號替換空格。toURI(URL url):為給定的URL創(chuàng)建一個URI實(shí)例,首先用“%20”引號替換空格。
3. 常見問題
3.1 打成jar后獲取不到文件
Resource下的文件是存在于jar這個文件里面,在磁盤上是沒有真實(shí)路徑存在的,它是位于jar內(nèi)部的一個路徑。所以通過ResourceUtils.getFile或者this.getClass().getResource("")方法無法正確獲取文件。
解決方案:
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(path)));
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
String line = "";
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null){
buffer.append(line);
}
String input = buffer.toString();以上為個人經(jīng)驗(yàn),希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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