MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫優(yōu)化經(jīng)驗詳談(服務器普通配置)

更新時間：2011年03月06日 17:52:32 作者：

同時在線訪問量繼續(xù)增大對于1G內(nèi)存的服務器明顯感覺到吃力嚴重時甚至每天都會死機或者時不時的服務器卡一下這個問題曾經(jīng)困擾了我半個多月MySQL使用是很具伸縮性的算法，因此你通常能用很少的內(nèi)存運行或給MySQL更多的被存以得到更好的性能。

代碼:

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# You can copy this file to
# /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this
# installation this directory is /var/lib/mysql) or
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
net_buffer_length = 16K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
max_connections=120
#addnew config
wait_timeout =120
back_log=100
read_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache=32
skip-innodb
skip-bdb
skip-name-resolve
join_buffer_size=512k
query_cache_size = 32M
interactive_timeout=120
long_query_time=10
log_slow_queries= /usr/local/mysql4/logs/slow_query.log
query_cache_type= 1
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 4

#end new config
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
#log-bin

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,
# MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;
#
# where you replace , , by quoted strings and
# by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host =
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user =
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port =
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin

# Point the following paths to different dedicated disks
#tmpdir = /tmp/
#log-update = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname

# Uncomment the following if you are using BDB tables
#bdb_cache_size = 4M
#bdb_max_lock = 10000

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/
#innodb_log_arch_dir = /var/lib/mysql/
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[isamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

補充：

優(yōu)化table_cachetable_cache指定表高速緩存的大小。每當MySQL訪問一個表時，如果在表緩沖區(qū)中還有空間，該表就被打開并放入其中，這樣可以更快地訪問表內(nèi)容。通過檢查峰值時間的狀態(tài)值Open_tables和Opened_tables，可以決定是否需要增加 table_cache的值。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)open_tables等于table_cache，并且opened_tables在不斷增長，那么你就需要增加table_cache的值了（上述狀態(tài)值可以使用SHOW STATUS LIKE ‘Open%tables'獲得）。注意，不能盲目地把table_cache設置成很大的值。如果設置得太高，可能會造成文件描述符不足，從而造成性能不穩(wěn)定或者連接失敗。對于有1G內(nèi)存的機器，推薦值是128－256。

案例1：該案例來自一個不是特別繁忙的服務器

table_cache – 512

open_tables – 103

opened_tables – 1273

uptime – 4021421 (measured in seconds)

該案例中table_cache似乎設置得太高了。在峰值時間，打開表的數(shù)目比table_cache要少得多。

案例2：該案例來自一臺開發(fā)服務器。

table_cache – 64

open_tables – 64

opened-tables – 431

uptime – 1662790 (measured in seconds)

雖然open_tables已經(jīng)等于table_cache，但是相對于服務器運行時間來說，opened_tables的值也非常低。因此，增加table_cache的值應該用處不大。

案例3：該案例來自一個upderperforming的服務器

table_cache – 64

open_tables – 64

opened_tables – 22423

uptime – 19538

該案例中table_cache設置得太低了。雖然運行時間不到6小時，open_tables達到了最大值，opened_tables的值也非常高。這樣就需要增加table_cache的值。優(yōu)化key_buffer_sizekey_buffer_size指定索引緩沖區(qū)的大小，它決定索引處理的速度，尤其是索引讀的速度。通過檢查狀態(tài)值Key_read_requests和Key_reads，可以知道key_buffer_size 設置是否合理。比例key_reads / key_read_requests應該盡可能的低，至少是1:100，1:1000更好（上述狀態(tài)值可以使用SHOW STATUS LIKE ‘key_read%'獲得）。key_buffer_size只對MyISAM表起作用。即使你不使用MyISAM表，但是內(nèi)部的臨時磁盤表是 MyISAM表，也要使用該值?？梢允褂脵z查狀態(tài)值created_tmp_disk_tables得知詳情。對于1G內(nèi)存的機器，如果不使用 MyISAM表，推薦值是16M（8-64M）。

案例1：健康狀況

key_buffer_size – 402649088 (384M)

key_read_requests – 597579931

key_reads - 56188

案例2：警報狀態(tài)

key_buffer_size – 16777216 (16M)

key_read_requests – 597579931

key_reads - 53832731

案例1中比例低于1:10000，是健康的情況；案例2中比例達到1:11，警報已經(jīng)拉響。

您可能感興趣的文章: