ASP.NET?MVC使用Identity增刪改查用戶
源碼在這里:https://github.com/darrenji/UseIdentityCRUDUserInMVC,本地下載
在VS2013中創(chuàng)建一個MVC項目,用默認(rèn)的"無身份驗證"作為身份驗證機(jī)制。
通過控制臺下載Bootstrap。
Install-Package -version 3.0.3 bootstrap
下載成功后,在解決方案下的Content和Scripts多了該版本的css和js文件。
把創(chuàng)建項目默認(rèn)HomeController中的所有Action以及/Views/Home下的所有視圖刪除。
熱熱身
先來做一個簡單練習(xí)。
在HomeController中的Index方法中,把一個字典傳遞給視圖。
public class HomeController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { Dictionary<string, object> data = new Dictionary<string, object>(); data.Add("placeholder", "placeholder"); return View(data); } }
_Layout.cshtml設(shè)置如下:
<head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>ASP.NET Identity實戰(zhàn)</title> <link href="~/Content/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="~/Content/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" /> <style> .container {padding-top:10px;} .validation-summary-errors{color:red;} </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> @RenderBody() </div> @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery") @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap") @RenderSection("scripts", required: false) </body>
Home/Index.cshtml視圖中:
@{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"; } <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading">用戶明細(xì)</div> <table class="table table-striped"> @foreach (string key in Model.Keys) { <tr> <th>@key</th> <td>@Model[key]</td> </tr> } </table> </div>
前期準(zhǔn)備
分別安裝如下組件。
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework –Version 2.0.0
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.OWIN -Version 2.0.0
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb -Version 2.1.0
配置Web.config如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- 有關(guān)如何配置 ASP.NET 應(yīng)用程序的詳細(xì)信息,請訪問 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880 --> <configuration> <configSections> <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --> <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" /> </configSections> <connectionStrings> <add name="IdentityDb" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=IdentityDb;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=15;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=True"/> </connectionStrings> <appSettings> <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" /> <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" /> <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" /> <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" /> <add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" /> </appSettings> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" /> <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" /> </system.web> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.0.0.0" newVersion="5.0.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" /> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> <entityFramework> <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" /> <providers> <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" /> </providers> </entityFramework> </configuration>
以上,
- 增加了connectionStrings節(jié)點,將自動創(chuàng)建localdb數(shù)據(jù)庫
- 在appSettings節(jié)點中增加了一個key為owin:AppStartup項,這是確保OWIN運(yùn)行正常的全局配置
在Models文件夾下創(chuàng)建如下類。
public class AppUser : IdentityUser { }
在解決方案下創(chuàng)建Infrastructure文件夾。
在Infrastructure文件夾下創(chuàng)建一個上下文類,需要實現(xiàn)IdentityDbContext<>接口。
public class AppIdentityDbContext : IdentityDbContext<AppUser> { public AppIdentityDbContext() : base("IdentityDb") { } static AppIdentityDbContext() { //使用EF Code First第一次創(chuàng)建的時候調(diào)用 Database.SetInitializer<AppIdentityDbContext>(new IdentityDbInit()); } public static AppIdentityDbContext Create() { return new AppIdentityDbContext(); } } //初始化 public class IdentityDbInit : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<AppIdentityDbContext> { protected override void Seed(AppIdentityDbContext context) { PerformInitialSetup(context); base.Seed(context); } //初始化工作 public void PerformInitialSetup(AppIdentityDbContext context) { } }
在Infrastructure文件夾下創(chuàng)建一個管理用戶的類,需要繼承UserManager<AppUser>類。
還記得,先前在appSettings節(jié)點中配置了一個如下方式:
<add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" />
OWIN需要一個全局啟動文件,默認(rèn)會到項目的頂級命名空間下找IdentityConfig這個類。
那就在App_Start中創(chuàng)建IdentityConfig這個類,這個類在WebApplication4這個命名空間下。
namespace WebApplication4 { public class IdentityConfig { public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app) { app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppIdentityDbContext>(AppIdentityDbContext.Create); app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppUserManager>(AppUserManager.Create); app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions { AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie, LoginPath = new Microsoft.Owin.PathString("/Account/Login") }); } } }
顯示用戶
創(chuàng)建AdminController,現(xiàn)在可以向視圖傳遞所有的用戶了,編寫如下:
public class AdminController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { return View(UserManager.Users); } private AppUserManager UserManager { get { return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>(); } } }
再創(chuàng)建Admin/Index.cshtml類型為IEnumerable<AppUser>的強(qiáng)類型視圖。
@model IEnumerable<WebApplication4.Models.AppUser> @{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"; } <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> 所有用戶賬戶 </div> <table class="table table-striped"> <tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th></th></tr> @if (Model.Count() == 0) { <tr><td colspan="4" class="text-center">還沒有創(chuàng)建用戶</td></tr> } else { foreach (WebApplication4.Models.AppUser user in Model) { <tr> <td>@user.Id</td> <td>@user.UserName</td> <td>@user.Email</td> <td> @using (Html.BeginForm("Delete", "Admin", new { id = user.Id })) { @Html.ActionLink("編輯", "Edit", new { id = user.Id }, new { @class = "btn btn-primary btn-xs" }) <button class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" type="submit"> 刪除 </button> } </td> </tr> } } </table> </div> @Html.ActionLink("創(chuàng)建用戶", "Create", null, new { @class = "btn btn-primary" })
創(chuàng)建用戶
在Models文件夾下創(chuàng)建一個視圖模型。
namespace WebApplication4.Models { public class CreateModel { public string Id { get; set; } [Required] public string Name { get; set; } [Required] public string Email { get; set; } [Required] public string Password { get; set; } } }
在AdminController中添加創(chuàng)建用戶相關(guān)的方法。
public class AdminController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { return View(UserManager.Users); } //創(chuàng)建顯示 public ActionResult Create() { return View(); } [HttpPost] public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model) { if(ModelState.IsValid) { var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email}; IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password); if(result.Succeeded) { return RedirectToAction("Index"); }else{ AddErrorsFromResult(result); } } return View(model); } //創(chuàng)建接收 private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result) { foreach(var error in result.Errors) { ModelState.AddModelError("", error); } } private AppUserManager UserManager { get { return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>(); } } }
在Admin/Create.cshtml視圖頁中:
@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel @{ ViewBag.Title = "Create"; Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"; } <h2>Create</h2> @using (Html.BeginForm()) { @Html.AntiForgeryToken() <div class="form-horizontal"> <h4>創(chuàng)建用戶</h4> <hr /> @Html.ValidationSummary(true) <div class="form-group"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" }) <div class="col-md-10"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name) </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" }) <div class="col-md-10"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email) </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" }) <div class="col-md-10"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password) </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10"> <input type="submit" value="創(chuàng)建用戶" class="btn btn-default" /> </div> </div> </div> } <div> @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index") </div>
點擊"創(chuàng)建"按鈕,創(chuàng)建成功返回顯示用戶頁面。
oh, my god,只是配置了一下就有數(shù)據(jù)了? 數(shù)據(jù)在哪呢?
點擊左上角的"服務(wù)器資源管理器",右鍵"IdentityDb",點擊"刷新"。
再打開AspNetUsers表,剛創(chuàng)建的用戶赫然在列。
好像還有點欠缺,用戶輸入密碼的時候,總應(yīng)該有些限制吧。
能想到的,ASP.NET Identity都為我們準(zhǔn)備好了。有一個PasswordValidator類就是干這個的。
在Infrastructure文件夾中創(chuàng)建一個PasswordValidator類的繼承子類。
namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure { public class CustomPasswordValidator : PasswordValidator { public override async Task<IdentityResult> ValidateAsync(string pass) { IdentityResult result = await base.ValidateAsync(pass); if (pass.Contains("12345")) { var errors = result.Errors.ToList(); errors.Add("密碼中包含太多連續(xù)數(shù)字"); result = new IdentityResult(errors); } return result; } } }
然后需要把這個規(guī)則告訴UserManager。
namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure { public class AppUserManager : UserManager<AppUser> { public AppUserManager(IUserStore<AppUser> store) : base(store) { } public static AppUserManager Create(IdentityFactoryOptions<AppUserManager> options, IOwinContext context) { //identity ef上下文 AppIdentityDbContext db = context.Get<AppIdentityDbContext>(); //與identity ef相關(guān)的UserStore IUserStore<AppUser> us = new UserStore<AppUser>(db); AppUserManager manager = new AppUserManager(us); //密碼相關(guān) manager.PasswordValidator = new CustomPasswordValidator { RequiredLength = 6, RequireNonLetterOrDigit = false, RequireDigit = false, RequireLowercase = true, RequireUppercase = true }; return manager; } } }
再次運(yùn)行程序,創(chuàng)建用戶頁面,嘗試輸入不通過的密碼。
不過,關(guān)于密碼的規(guī)則,似乎可以在View Model的驗證層面就可以解決掉。
編輯和刪除用戶
在AdminController中增加編輯和刪除的部分。
public class AdminController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { return View(UserManager.Users); } //創(chuàng)建顯示 public ActionResult Create() { return View(); } //創(chuàng)建接收 [HttpPost] public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model) { if(ModelState.IsValid) { var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email}; IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password); if(result.Succeeded) { return RedirectToAction("Index"); }else{ AddErrorsFromResult(result); } } return View(model); } //編輯顯示 public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(string id) { AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id); if(User != null) { CreateModel createModel = new CreateModel(); createModel.Id = user.Id; createModel.Email = user.Email; createModel.Name = user.UserName; createModel.Password = user.PasswordHash; return View(createModel); } else { return RedirectToAction("Index"); } } //接收編輯 [HttpPost] public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(CreateModel createModel) { if(ModelState.IsValid) { AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(createModel.Id); if (user != null) { //關(guān)于郵箱 user.Email = createModel.Email; IdentityResult validEmail = await UserManager.UserValidator.ValidateAsync(user); if (!validEmail.Succeeded) { AddErrorsFromResult(validEmail); } user.UserName = createModel.Name; //關(guān)于密碼 IdentityResult validPass = null; if (createModel.Password != string.Empty) { validPass = await UserManager.PasswordValidator.ValidateAsync(createModel.Password); if (validPass.Succeeded) { user.PasswordHash = UserManager.PasswordHasher.HashPassword(createModel.Password); } else { AddErrorsFromResult(validPass); } } user.Email = createModel.Email; //驗證結(jié)果 if ((validEmail.Succeeded && validPass == null) || (validEmail.Succeeded && createModel.Password != string.Empty && validPass.Succeeded)) { IdentityResult result = await UserManager.UpdateAsync(user); if (result.Succeeded) { return RedirectToAction("Index"); } else { AddErrorsFromResult(result); } } else { ModelState.AddModelError("", "無此用戶"); } } return View(createModel); } else { return View(createModel); } } //刪除 [HttpPost] public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(string id) { AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id); if(user != null) { IdentityResult result = await UserManager.DeleteAsync(user); if(result.Succeeded) { return RedirectToAction("Index"); } else { return View("Error", result.Errors); } } else { return View("Error", new string[] { "沒有此用戶" }); } } private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result) { foreach(var error in result.Errors) { ModelState.AddModelError("", error); } } private AppUserManager UserManager { get { return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>(); } } }
Admin/Edit.cshtml視圖。
@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel @{ ViewBag.Title = "Edit"; Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"; } <h2>Edit</h2> @using (Html.BeginForm()) { @Html.AntiForgeryToken() <div class="form-horizontal"> <hr /> @Html.ValidationSummary(true) @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id) <div class="form-group"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" }) <div class="col-md-10"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name) </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" }) <div class="col-md-10"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email) </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" }) <div class="col-md-10"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password) </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10"> <input type="submit" value="保存" class="btn btn-default" /> </div> </div> </div> } <div> @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index") </div>
另外,如果刪除失敗,跳轉(zhuǎn)到Shared/Error.cshtml視圖頁。
@model IEnumerable<string> @{ ViewBag.Title = "Error";} <div class="alert alert-danger"> @switch (Model.Count()) { case 0: @: Something went wrong. Please try again break; case 1: @Model.First(); break; default: @: 發(fā)現(xiàn)如下錯誤: <ul> @foreach (string error in Model) { <li>@error</li> } </ul> break; } </div> @Html.ActionLink("確定", "Index", null, new { @class = "btn btn-default" })
至此,使用ASP.NET Identy實現(xiàn)對用戶的增刪改查完畢,ASP.NET Identity真的很好很強(qiáng)大!
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