詳解Java遞歸實現(xiàn)樹形結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種方式
0、引言
在開發(fā)的過程中,很多業(yè)務(wù)場景需要一個樹形結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)果集進(jìn)行前端展示,也可以理解為是一個無限父子結(jié)構(gòu),常見的有報表指標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)、菜單結(jié)構(gòu)等。Java中遞歸實現(xiàn)樹形結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種常見方式如下:
- Java7及以下純Java遞歸實現(xiàn)
- Java8及以上借助lamda表達(dá)式實現(xiàn)
1、數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備
Java實體類NodePO對應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫表
package com.wbs.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class NodePO {
/**
* 當(dāng)前節(jié)點id
*/
private String id;
/**
* 當(dāng)前節(jié)點名稱
*/
private String name;
/**
* 父級節(jié)點id
*/
private String parentId;
/**
* 當(dāng)前節(jié)點序號
*/
private String orderNo;
/**
* 子集節(jié)點
*/
private List<NodePO> children;
/**
* 構(gòu)造函數(shù)
* @param id
* @param name
* @param parentId
* @param orderNo
*/
public NodePO(String id,String name,String parentId,String orderNo){
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.parentId = parentId;
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
}
? 自己造一些數(shù)據(jù)模擬從數(shù)據(jù)庫中查詢出來的數(shù)據(jù):
static final List<NodePO> nodePOs = Arrays.asList(
new NodePO("1","一級節(jié)點1",null,"_0001"),
new NodePO("2","二級節(jié)點1.1","1","_0002"),
new NodePO("3","二級節(jié)點1.2","1","_0003"),
new NodePO("4","一級節(jié)點2",null,"_0004"),
new NodePO("5","二級節(jié)點2.1","4","_0005"),
new NodePO("6","二級節(jié)點2.2","4","_0006"),
new NodePO("7","三級節(jié)點2.2.1","6","_0007"),
new NodePO("8","一級節(jié)點3",null,"_0008"),
new NodePO("9","二級節(jié)點3.1","8","_0009"),
new NodePO("10","三級節(jié)點3.1.1","9","_0010"),
new NodePO("11","四級節(jié)點3.1.1.1","10","_0011"),
new NodePO("12","五級節(jié)點3.1.1.1.1","11","_0012")
);
2、類型轉(zhuǎn)化
從開發(fā)的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接操作實體類集合,專門指定某一個實體類封裝的方法是不具有普適性的,所以將實體類集合統(tǒng)一轉(zhuǎn)化為Map集合,操作方便,具有一定的普適性:
List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = BeanMapUtils.listBeanToListMap(jsonObject);
BeanMapUtils自己簡單封裝一個工具類(不懼普適性勿噴):
package com.wbs.util;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanMap;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
/**
* @author 一宿君
* @version Id: BeanMapUtils.java, v 0.1 Administrator Exp $$
* @date 2022-10-13 14:24:20
* @desc java實體類和map相互轉(zhuǎn)換工具類
*/
public class BeanMapUtils {
/**
* 將實體類對象屬性轉(zhuǎn)化為map對象
* @param t
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> Map<String, Object> beanToMap(T t) {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
if (t != null) {
if (t instanceof JSONObject){
return (JSONObject)t;
}
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(t);
for (Object key : beanMap.keySet()) {
map.put(key.toString(), beanMap.get(key));
}
}
return map;
}
/**
* 將map對象中轉(zhuǎn)化為實體類對象
* @param map
* @param clazz
* @param <T>
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static <T> T mapToBean(Map<String, Object> map,Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
T bean = clazz.newInstance();
if (bean instanceof JSONObject){
JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject)bean;
Set<Map.Entry<String, Object>> entries = map.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : entries) {
jsonObject.put(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
}
return (T)jsonObject;
}
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(bean);
beanMap.putAll(map);
return bean;
}
/**
* 通過lambda表達(dá)式將List<JavaBean>轉(zhuǎn)化為List<Map<String, Object>>
* @param objList
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> List<Map<String, Object>> listBeanToListMap(List<T> objList) {
return objList.stream().map(new Function<T, Map<String, Object>>() {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> apply(T t) {
Map<String,Object> map = Maps.newHashMap();
if (t instanceof JSONObject){
return (JSONObject)t;
}
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(t);
for (Object key : beanMap.keySet()) {
map.put(key.toString(), beanMap.get(key));
}
return map;
}
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
/**
* 通過lambda表達(dá)式將List<Map<String, Object>>轉(zhuǎn)化為List<JavaBean>
* @param mapList
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> List<T> listMapToListBean(List<Map<String,Object>> mapList,Class<T> clazz) {
return mapList.stream().map(new Function<Map<String, Object>,T>() {
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public T apply(Map<String, Object> map) {
T t = clazz.newInstance();
if (t instanceof JSONObject){
return (T)map;
}
BeanMap beanMap = BeanMap.create(t);
beanMap.putAll(map);
return t;
}
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
}
其中org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanMap;是org.springframework:spring-core依賴下的工具包,spring-core核心依賴只要導(dǎo)入spring-boot-starter依賴即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

3、遞歸實現(xiàn)方法
3.1、Java7及以下純Java遞歸實現(xiàn)
既然是Java7及以下實現(xiàn)方式,那排序也用最原始的冒泡排序:
/**
* 冒泡排序,小的在前,大的在后
* @param list
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> sortJava7Map(List<Map<String, Object>> list){
if(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list)){
return Lists.newArrayList();
}
boolean flag;
int size = list.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
flag = false;
for (int j = 1; j < size - i; j++) {
Map<String, Object> frontMap = list.get(j - 1);
Map<String, Object> afterMap = list.get(j);
if (String.valueOf(frontMap.get("orderNo")).compareTo(String.valueOf(afterMap.get("orderNo"))) > 0){
list.set(j - 1,afterMap);
list.set(j,frontMap);
flag = true;
}
}
//如果沒有發(fā)生位置互換,則退出循環(huán)
if (!flag){
break;
}
}
return list;
}
給定一個節(jié)點,獲取它的所有子節(jié)點:
/**
* Java7及以下版本獲取子節(jié)點的方式
* @param parentNode
* @param allList
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> getJava7Children(Map<String,Object> parentNode,List<Map<String, Object>> allList){
//存放當(dāng)前節(jié)點的直系子節(jié)點
List<Map<String, Object>> curNodeChildrenList = Lists.newArrayList();
//存放直系子節(jié)點以外的節(jié)點
List<Map<String, Object>> otherNodeList = Lists.newArrayList();
Object pId = parentNode.get("id");
for (Map<String, Object> map : allList) {
Object curPId = map.get("parentId");
if (ObjectUtils.isNotEmpty(curPId) && Objects.equals(pId,curPId)){
curNodeChildrenList.add(map);
}else {
otherNodeList.add(map);
}
}
if (curNodeChildrenList.isEmpty()){
return curNodeChildrenList;
}
//每一層級都進(jìn)行排序
curNodeChildrenList = sortJava7Map(curNodeChildrenList);
//迭代直系子節(jié)點再獲取子節(jié)點
for (Map<String, Object> map : curNodeChildrenList) {
map.put("children",getJava7Children(map,otherNodeList));
}
return curNodeChildrenList;
}
給出一個結(jié)果集,構(gòu)建樹形結(jié)果集:
/**
* 使用Java7的方式獲取樹形結(jié)構(gòu)
* @param allList
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> getJava7ResultTree(List<Map<String, Object>> allList){
//存放所有的一級節(jié)點
List<Map<String, Object>> oneLevelNodeList = Lists.newArrayList();
for (Map<String, Object> map : allList) {
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(map.get("parentId"))){
map.put("children",getJava7Children(map,allList));
oneLevelNodeList.add(map);
}
}
return sortJava8Map(oneLevelNodeList);
}
獲取樹形結(jié)構(gòu):
//轉(zhuǎn)化為Map集合 List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = BeanMapUtils.listBeanToListMap(nodePOs); //獲取樹形結(jié)構(gòu) List<Map<String, Object>> java7ResultTree = getJava7ResultTree(mapList); //打印輸出 System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(java7ResultTree));
打印結(jié)果:
[{"orderNo":"_0001","children":[{"orderNo":"_0002","children":[],"name":"二級節(jié)點1.1","id":"2","parentId":"1"},{"orderNo":"_0003","children":[],"name":"二級節(jié)點1.2","id":"3","parentId":"1"}],"name":"一級節(jié)點1","id":"1"},{"orderNo":"_0004","children":[{"orderNo":"_0005","children":[],"name":"二級節(jié)點2.1","id":"5","parentId":"4"},{"orderNo":"_0006","children":[{"orderNo":"_0007","children":[],"name":"三級節(jié)點2.2.1","id":"7","parentId":"6"}],"name":"二級節(jié)點2.2","id":"6","parentId":"4"}],"name":"一級節(jié)點2","id":"4"},{"orderNo":"_0008","children":[{"orderNo":"_0009","children":[{"orderNo":"_0010","children":[{"orderNo":"_0011","children":[{"orderNo":"_0012","children":[],"name":"五級節(jié)點3.1.1.1.1","id":"12","parentId":"11"}],"name":"四級節(jié)點3.1.1.1","id":"11","parentId":"10"}],"name":"三級節(jié)點3.1.1","id":"10","parentId":"9"}],"name":"二級節(jié)點3.1","id":"9","parentId":"8"}],"name":"一級節(jié)點3","id":"8"}]
樹形結(jié)構(gòu)搞定!
3.2、Java8及以上借助lamda表達(dá)式實現(xiàn)
Java7的方式雖然實現(xiàn)了樹形結(jié)構(gòu),但是有一定的缺點,比如:代碼量比較大,邏輯相對較復(fù)雜,那Java8是如何簡化,如下所示:
既然Java8有l(wèi)amda表達(dá)式,那代碼我們能省就省,先看排序,一行代碼搞定:
/**
* 根據(jù)orderNo排序樹形結(jié)構(gòu)的每一個層級
* @param list
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> sortJava8Map(List<Map<String, Object>> list){
if(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list)){
return Lists.newArrayList();
}
//關(guān)鍵之處,一行代碼搞定
list.sort(Comparator.comparing(m -> String.valueOf(m.get("orderNo"))));
return list;
}給定一個節(jié)點,獲取它的所有子節(jié)點:
釋義:
filter: 過濾,相當(dāng)于for循環(huán),再if條件判斷。
peek: 給定一個節(jié)點,往它的children塞子節(jié)點。
/**
* 根據(jù)父級節(jié)點獲取所有的子集節(jié)點
* @param parentNode
* @param allList
* @return
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> getJava8Children(Map<String,Object> parentNode, List<Map<String, Object>> allList){
return allList.stream()
.filter(curNode -> ObjectUtils.isNotEmpty(curNode.get("parentId")) && Objects.equals(curNode.get("parentId"),parentNode.get("id")))
.peek(m -> m.put("children", getJava8Children(m,allList))).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
給出一個結(jié)果集,構(gòu)建樹形結(jié)果集:
/**
* 獲取樹形結(jié)構(gòu)
* @param mapList
* @return treeList 樹形結(jié)果集
*/
public static List<Map<String, Object>> getJava8ResultTree(List<Map<String, Object>> mapList){
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mapList)){
return Lists.newArrayList();
}
//filter過濾出所有的一級節(jié)點
return mapList.stream().filter(m -> Objects.equals(m.get("parentId"), null) || Objects.equals(m.get("parentId"), ""))
.peek(m -> m.put("children", sortJava8Map(getJava8Children(m, mapList)))).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
獲取樹形結(jié)構(gòu):
//轉(zhuǎn)化為Map集合 List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = BeanMapUtils.listBeanToListMap(nodePOs); //獲取樹形結(jié)構(gòu) List<Map<String, Object>> java8ResultTree = getJava8ResultTree(mapList); //打印輸出 System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(java8ResultTree));
打印結(jié)果:
[{"orderNo":"_0001","children":[{"orderNo":"_0002","children":[],"name":"二級節(jié)點1.1","id":"2","parentId":"1"},{"orderNo":"_0003","children":[],"name":"二級節(jié)點1.2","id":"3","parentId":"1"}],"name":"一級節(jié)點1","id":"1"},{"orderNo":"_0004","children":[{"orderNo":"_0005","children":[],"name":"二級節(jié)點2.1","id":"5","parentId":"4"},{"orderNo":"_0006","children":[{"orderNo":"_0007","children":[],"name":"三級節(jié)點2.2.1","id":"7","parentId":"6"}],"name":"二級節(jié)點2.2","id":"6","parentId":"4"}],"name":"一級節(jié)點2","id":"4"},{"orderNo":"_0008","children":[{"orderNo":"_0009","children":[{"orderNo":"_0010","children":[{"orderNo":"_0011","children":[{"orderNo":"_0012","children":[],"name":"五級節(jié)點3.1.1.1.1","id":"12","parentId":"11"}],"name":"四級節(jié)點3.1.1.1","id":"11","parentId":"10"}],"name":"三級節(jié)點3.1.1","id":"10","parentId":"9"}],"name":"二級節(jié)點3.1","id":"9","parentId":"8"}],"name":"一級節(jié)點3","id":"8"}]
樹形結(jié)構(gòu)搞定!兩種實現(xiàn)方式對比一下,你就說Java8的方式哇塞不哇塞?。?!
到此這篇關(guān)于Java遞歸實現(xiàn)樹形結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種方式的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Java遞歸實現(xiàn)樹形結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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- 吊打Java面試官之Lambda表達(dá)式 Stream API
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- Java實現(xiàn)樹形結(jié)構(gòu)的示例代碼
- Java樹形結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)生成導(dǎo)出excel文件方法記錄
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