在.NET開發(fā)生態(tài)中，我們以前開發(fā)定時(shí)任務(wù)都是用的Quartz.NET完成的。在這篇文章里，記錄一下另一個(gè)很強(qiáng)大的定時(shí)任務(wù)框架的使用方法：Hangfire。兩個(gè)框架各自都有特色和優(yōu)勢，可以根據(jù)參考文章里張隊(duì)的那篇文章對(duì)兩個(gè)框架的對(duì)比來進(jìn)行選擇。

引入Nuget包和配置

引入Hangfire相關(guān)的Nuget包：

Hangfire.AspNetCore
Hangfire.MemoryStorage
Hangfire.Dashboard.Basic.Authentication

并對(duì)Hangfire進(jìn)行服務(wù)配置：

builder.Services.AddHangfire(c =>
{
    // 使用內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)庫演示，在實(shí)際使用中，會(huì)配置對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫連接，要保證該數(shù)據(jù)庫要存在
    c.UseMemoryStorage();
});

// Hangfire全局配置
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration
    .UseColouredConsoleLogProvider()
    .UseSerilogLogProvider()
    .UseMemoryStorage()
    .WithJobExpirationTimeout(TimeSpan.FromDays(7));

// Hangfire服務(wù)器配置
builder.Services.AddHangfireServer(options =>
{
    options.HeartbeatInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
});

使用Hangfire中間件：

// 添加Hangfire Dashboard
app.UseHangfireDashboard();
app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllers();

// 配置Hangfire Dashboard路徑和權(quán)限控制
app.MapHangfireDashboard("/hangfire", new DashboardOptions
{
    AppPath = null,
    DashboardTitle = "Hangfire Dashboard Test",
    Authorization = new []
    {
        new HangfireCustomBasicAuthenticationFilter
        {
            User = app.Configuration.GetSection("HangfireCredentials:UserName").Value,
            Pass = app.Configuration.GetSection("HangfireCredentials:Password").Value
        }
    }
});

對(duì)應(yīng)的配置如下：

appsettings.json

"HangfireCredentials": {
  "UserName": "admin",
  "Password": "admin@123"
}

編寫Job

Hangfire免費(fèi)版本支持以下類型的定時(shí)任務(wù)：

• 周期性定時(shí)任務(wù)：Recurring Job
• 執(zhí)行單次任務(wù)：Fire and Forget
• 連續(xù)順序執(zhí)行任務(wù)：Continouus Job
• 定時(shí)單次任務(wù)：Schedule Job

Fire and Forget

這種類型的任務(wù)一般是在應(yīng)用程序啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候執(zhí)行一次結(jié)束后不再重復(fù)執(zhí)行，最簡單的配置方法是這樣的：

using Hangfire;
BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!"));

Continuous Job

這種類型的任務(wù)一般是進(jìn)行順序型的任務(wù)執(zhí)行調(diào)度，比如先完成任務(wù)A，結(jié)束后執(zhí)行任務(wù)B：

var jobId = BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!"));
// Continuous Job, 通過指定上一個(gè)任務(wù)的Id來跟在上一個(gè)任務(wù)后執(zhí)行
BackgroundJob.ContinueJobWith(jobId, () => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire using continuous job!"));

Scehdule Job

這種類型的任務(wù)是用于在未來某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)被激活運(yùn)行的任務(wù)，也被叫做Delayed Job：

var jobId = BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!"));

// Continuous Job, 通過指定上一個(gè)任務(wù)的Id來跟在上一個(gè)任務(wù)后執(zhí)行
BackgroundJob.ContinueJobWith(jobId, () => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire using continuous job!"));

Recurring Job

這種類型的任務(wù)應(yīng)該是我們最常使用的類型，使用Cron表達(dá)式來設(shè)定一個(gè)執(zhí)行周期時(shí)間，每到設(shè)定時(shí)間就被激活執(zhí)行一次。對(duì)于這種相對(duì)常見的場景，我們可以演示一下使用單獨(dú)的類來封裝任務(wù)邏輯：

IJob.cs

namespace HelloHangfire;

public interface IJob
{
    public Task<bool> RunJob();
}

Job.cs

using Serilog;
namespace HelloHangfire;
public class Job : IJob
{
    public async Task<bool> RunJob()
    {
        Log.Information($"start time: {DateTime.Now}");
        // 模擬任務(wù)執(zhí)行
        await Task.Delay(1000);
        Log.Information("Hello world from Hangfire in Recurring mode!");
        Log.Information($"stop time: {DateTime.Now}");
        return true;
    }
}

在Program.cs中使用Cron來注冊(cè)任務(wù)：

builder.Services.AddTransient<IJob, Job>();
// ...
var app = builder.Build();
// ...
var JobService = app.Services.GetRequiredService<IJob>();
// Recurring job
RecurringJob.AddOrUpdate("Run every minute", () => JobService.RunJob(), "* * * * *");

Run

控制臺(tái)輸出：

info: Hangfire.BackgroundJobServer[0]
      Starting Hangfire Server using job storage: 'Hangfire.MemoryStorage.MemoryStorage'
info: Hangfire.BackgroundJobServer[0]
      Using the following options for Hangfire Server:
          Worker count: 20
          Listening queues: 'default'
          Shutdown timeout: 00:00:15
          Schedule polling interval: 00:00:15
info: Hangfire.Server.BackgroundServerProcess[0]
      Server b8d0de54-caee-4c5e-86f5-e79a47fad51f successfully announced in 11.1236 ms
info: Hangfire.Server.BackgroundServerProcess[0]
      Server b8d0de54-caee-4c5e-86f5-e79a47fad51f is starting the registered dispatchers: ServerWatchdog, ServerJobCancellationWatcher, ExpirationManager, CountersAggregator, Worker, DelayedJobScheduler, RecurringJobScheduler...
info: Hangfire.Server.BackgroundServerProcess[0]
      Server b8d0de54-caee-4c5e-86f5-e79a47fad51f all the dispatchers started
Hello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!
Hello world from Hangfire using continuous job!
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[14]
      Now listening on: https://localhost:7295
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[14]
      Now listening on: http://localhost:5121
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Hosting environment: Development
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Content root path: /Users/yu.li1/Projects/asinta/Net6Demo/HelloHangfire/HelloHangfire/
[16:56:14 INF] start time: 02/25/2022 16:56:14
[16:57:14 INF] start time: 02/25/2022 16:57:14
[16:57:34 INF] Hello world from Hangfire in Recurring mode!
[16:57:34 INF] stop time: 02/25/2022 16:57:34

通過配置的dashboard來查看所有的job運(yùn)行的狀況：

長時(shí)間運(yùn)行任務(wù)的并發(fā)控制？？？

從上面的控制臺(tái)日志可以看出來，使用Hangfire進(jìn)行周期性任務(wù)觸發(fā)的時(shí)候，如果執(zhí)行時(shí)間大于執(zhí)行的間隔周期，會(huì)產(chǎn)生任務(wù)的并發(fā)。如果我們不希望任務(wù)并發(fā)，可以在配置并發(fā)數(shù)量的時(shí)候配置成1，或者在任務(wù)內(nèi)部去判斷當(dāng)前是否有相同的任務(wù)正在執(zhí)行，如果有則停止繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。但是這樣也無法避免由于執(zhí)行時(shí)間過長導(dǎo)致的周期間隔不起作用的問題，比如我們希望不管在任務(wù)執(zhí)行多久的情況下，前后兩次激活都有一個(gè)固定的間隔時(shí)間，這樣的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法我還沒有試出來。有知道怎么做的小伙伴麻煩說一下經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Job Filter記錄Job的全部事件

有的時(shí)候我們希望記錄Job運(yùn)行生命周期內(nèi)的所有事件，可以參考官方文檔：Using job filters來實(shí)現(xiàn)該需求。

參考文章

關(guān)于Hangfire更加詳細(xì)和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的使用，張隊(duì)寫過一篇文章：Hangfire項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐分享。

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