React框架核心原理全面深入解析

更新時(shí)間：2022年11月11日 16:44:52 作者：夏天的味道123

React是前端開(kāi)發(fā)每天都用的前端框架，自然要深入掌握它的原理。我用 React 也挺久了，這篇文章就來(lái)總結(jié)一下我對(duì) react 原理的理解，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助

前言

這篇文章循序漸進(jìn)地介紹實(shí)現(xiàn)以下幾個(gè)概念，遵循本篇文章基本就能搞懂為啥需要fiber，為啥需要commit和phases、reconciliation階段等原理。本篇文章又不完全和原文一致，這里會(huì)加入我自己的一些思考，比如經(jīng)過(guò)performUnitOfWork處理后fiber tree和element tree的聯(lián)系等。

createElement函數(shù)
render函數(shù)
Concurrent Mode
Fibers
Render and Commit Phases
Reconciliation
Function Components
Hooks

第一章基本概念

以下面代碼為例

// 1.jsx語(yǔ)法不是合法的js語(yǔ)法
// const element = <h1 title="foo">Hello</h1>
// 2.經(jīng)babel等編譯工具將jsx轉(zhuǎn)換成js，將jsx轉(zhuǎn)換成createElement函數(shù)調(diào)用的方式
// const element = React.createElement(
//   "h1",
//   { title: "foo" },
//   "Hello"
// )
// 3.React.createElement返回的最終對(duì)象大致如下：
const element = {
  type: "h1",
  props: {
    title: "foo",
    children: "Hello",
  },
}
const container = document.getElementById("root")
// ReactDOM.render(element, container)
// 4.替換ReactDOM.render函數(shù)的邏輯，ReactDOM.render大致處理邏輯：
const node = document.createElement(element.type)
node['title'] = element.props.title
const text = document.createTextNode("")
text["nodeValue"] = element.props.children
node.appendChild(text)
container.appendChild(node)

為了避免歧義，這里使用 element 表示 React elements，node 表示真實(shí)的DOM元素節(jié)點(diǎn)。

至此，這段代碼無(wú)需經(jīng)過(guò)任何編譯已經(jīng)能夠在瀏覽器上跑起來(lái)了，不信你可以復(fù)制到瀏覽器控制臺(tái)試試

這里有幾點(diǎn)需要注意：

先通過(guò)node.appendChild(text)將子元素添加到父元素，然后再通過(guò)container.appendChild(node)將父元素添加到容器container中觸發(fā)瀏覽器渲染頁(yè)面。這個(gè)順序不能反過(guò)來(lái)，也就是說(shuō)只有整個(gè)真實(shí)dom樹(shù)構(gòu)建完成才能添加到容器中。假設(shè)這個(gè)順序反過(guò)來(lái)，比如先執(zhí)行container.appendChild(node)，則觸發(fā)瀏覽器回流。再執(zhí)行node.appendChild(text)又觸發(fā)瀏覽器回流。性能極差
React.createElement返回的最終的對(duì)象就是virtual dom樹(shù)，ReactDOM.render根據(jù)這個(gè)virtual dom創(chuàng)建真實(shí)的dom樹(shù)

第二章 createElement 函數(shù)

以下面的代碼為例

React.createElement接收的children有可能是原子值，比如字符串或者數(shù)字等，React.createElement('h1', {title: 'foo'}, 'Hello')。為了簡(jiǎn)化我們的代碼，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)特殊的TEXT_ELEMENT 類(lèi)型將其轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì)象

參考React實(shí)戰(zhàn)視頻講解：進(jìn)入學(xué)習(xí)

React.createElement = (type, props, ...children) => {
  return {
    type,
    props: {
      ...props,
      children: children.map(child => {
        if(typeof child === 'object'){
          return child
        }
        return {
          type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
          props: {
            nodeValue: child,
            children: [],
          }
        }
      })
    }
  }
}
// const element = (
//   <div id="foo">
//     <a>bar</a>
//     <b />
//   </div>
// )
// 將jsx轉(zhuǎn)換成js語(yǔ)法
const element = React.createElement(
  "div",
  { id: "foo" },
  React.createElement("a", null, "bar"),
  React.createElement("b")
)
const container = document.getElementById("root")
ReactDOM.render(element, container)

好了，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的createElement函數(shù)，我們可以通過(guò)一段特殊的注釋來(lái)告訴babel在將jsx轉(zhuǎn)換成js時(shí)使用我們自己的createElement函數(shù)：

const MiniReact = {
  createElement:  (type, props, ...children) => {
    return {
      type,
      props: {
        ...props,
        children: children.map(child => {
          if(typeof child === 'object'){
            return child
          }
          return {
            type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
            props: {
              nodeValue: child,
              children: [],
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  }
}
/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const element = (
  <div id="foo">
    <a>bar</a>
    <b />
  </div>
)
console.log('element======', element)
const container = document.getElementById("root")
ReactDOM.render(element, container)

第三章 render函數(shù)

import React from 'react';
function render(element, container) {
  const dom = element.type === 'TEXT_ELEMENT' ? document.createTextNode("") : document.createElement(element.type)
  const isProperty = key => key !== 'children'
  Object.keys(element.props)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = element.props[name]
    })
  element.props.children.forEach(child => {
    render(child, dom)
  });
  container.appendChild(dom)
}
const MiniReact = {
  createElement:  (type, props, ...children) => {
    return {
      type,
      props: {
        ...props,
        children: children.map(child => {
          if(typeof child === 'object'){
            return child
          }
          return {
            type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
            props: {
              nodeValue: child,
              children: [],
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  },
  render
}
/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const element = (
  <div id="foo">
    <a>bar</a>
    <b />
  </div>
)
console.log('element======', element)
const container = document.getElementById("root")
MiniReact.render(element, container)

render函數(shù)遞歸創(chuàng)建真實(shí)的dom元素，然后將各個(gè)元素append到其父元素中，最后整個(gè)dom樹(shù)append到root container中，渲染完成，這個(gè)過(guò)程一旦開(kāi)始，中間是無(wú)法打斷的，直到整個(gè)應(yīng)用渲染完成。這也是React16版本以前的渲染過(guò)程

注意，只有當(dāng)整個(gè)dom樹(shù)append到root container中時(shí)，頁(yè)面才會(huì)顯示

第四章 Concurrent Mode

在第三章中可以看到，當(dāng)前版本的render函數(shù)是遞歸構(gòu)建dom樹(shù)，最后才append到root container，最終頁(yè)面才渲染出來(lái)。這里有個(gè)問(wèn)題，如果dom節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量龐大，遞歸層級(jí)過(guò)深，這個(gè)過(guò)程其實(shí)是很耗時(shí)的，導(dǎo)致render函數(shù)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間占用主線(xiàn)程，瀏覽器無(wú)法響應(yīng)用戶(hù)輸入等事件，造成卡頓的現(xiàn)象。

因此我們需要將render過(guò)程拆分成小的任務(wù)單元，每執(zhí)行完一個(gè)單元，都允許瀏覽器打斷render過(guò)程并執(zhí)行高優(yōu)先級(jí)的任務(wù)，等瀏覽器得空再繼續(xù)執(zhí)行render過(guò)程

如果對(duì)requestIdleCallback不熟悉的，可以自行了解一下。真實(shí)React代碼中并沒(méi)有使用這個(gè)api，因?yàn)橛屑嫒菪詥?wèn)題。因此React使用scheduler package模擬這個(gè)調(diào)度過(guò)程

let nextUnitOfWork = null
function workLoop(deadline) {
  let shouldYield = false
  while (nextUnitOfWork && !shouldYield) {
    nextUnitOfWork = performUnitOfWork(
      nextUnitOfWork
    )
    shouldYield = deadline.timeRemaining() < 1
  }
  requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
}
requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
function performUnitOfWork(nextUnitOfWork) {
  // TODO
}

performUnitOfWork接收當(dāng)前工作單元，并返回下一個(gè)工作單元。工作單元可以理解為就是一個(gè)fiber對(duì)象節(jié)點(diǎn)

workLoop循環(huán)里會(huì)循環(huán)調(diào)用performUnitOfWork，直到所有工作單元都已經(jīng)處理完畢，或者當(dāng)前幀瀏覽器已經(jīng)沒(méi)有空閑時(shí)間，則循環(huán)終止。等下次瀏覽器空閑時(shí)間再接著繼續(xù)執(zhí)行

因此我們需要一種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠支持任務(wù)打斷并且可以接著繼續(xù)執(zhí)行，很顯然，鏈表就非常適合

第五章 Fibers

Fibers就是一種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，支持將渲染過(guò)程拆分成工作單元，本質(zhì)上就是一個(gè)雙向鏈表。這種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的好處就是方便找到下一個(gè)工作單元

Fiber包含三層含義：

作為架構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，之前React 15的Reconciler采用遞歸的方式執(zhí)行，數(shù)據(jù)保存在遞歸調(diào)用棧中，所以被稱(chēng)為stack Reconciler。React 16的Reconciler基于Fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)，被稱(chēng)為Fiber Reconciler
作為靜態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，每個(gè)Fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)React Element，保存了該組件的類(lèi)型(函數(shù)組件/類(lèi)組件/html標(biāo)簽)、對(duì)應(yīng)的DOM節(jié)點(diǎn)信息等
作為動(dòng)態(tài)的工作單元來(lái)說(shuō)，每個(gè)Fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)保存了本次更新中該組件改變的狀態(tài)、要執(zhí)行的工作等

Fiber的幾點(diǎn)冷知識(shí)：

一個(gè)Fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)React Element節(jié)點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)工作單元
每個(gè)fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)都有指向第一個(gè)子元素，下一個(gè)兄弟元素，父元素的指針**

以下面代碼為例：

MiniReact.render(
  <div>
    <h1>
      <p />
      <a />
    </h1>
    <h2 />
  </div>,
  container
)

對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber tree如下：

import React from 'react';
// 根據(jù)fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建真實(shí)的dom節(jié)點(diǎn)
function createDom(fiber) {
  const dom = fiber.type === 'TEXT_ELEMENT' ? document.createTextNode("") : document.createElement(fiber.type)
  const isProperty = key => key !== 'children'
  Object.keys(fiber.props)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = fiber.props[name]
    })
  return dom
}
let nextUnitOfWork = null
// render函數(shù)主要邏輯：
//   根據(jù)root container容器創(chuàng)建root fiber
//   將nextUnitOfWork指針指向root fiber
//   element是react element tree
function render(element, container){
  nextUnitOfWork = {
    dom: container,
    props: {
      children: [element], // 此時(shí)的element還只是React.createElement函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的virtual dom樹(shù)
    },
  }
}
function workLoop(deadline) {
  let shouldYield = false
  while (nextUnitOfWork && !shouldYield) {
    nextUnitOfWork = performUnitOfWork(nextUnitOfWork)
    shouldYield = deadline.timeRemaining() < 1
  }
  requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
}
requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
// performUnitOfWork函數(shù)主要邏輯：
//   將element元素添加到DOM
//   給element的子元素創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)
//   返回下一個(gè)工作單元，即下一個(gè)fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)，查找過(guò)程：
//      1.如果有子元素，則返回子元素的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)
//      2.如果沒(méi)有子元素，則返回兄弟元素的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)
//      3.如果既沒(méi)有子元素又沒(méi)有兄弟元素，則往上查找其父節(jié)點(diǎn)的兄弟元素的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)
//      4.如果往上查找到root fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明render過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束
function performUnitOfWork(fiber) {
  // 第一步 根據(jù)fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建真實(shí)的dom節(jié)點(diǎn)，并保存在fiber.dom屬性中
  if(!fiber.dom){
    fiber.dom = createDom(fiber)
  }
  // 第二步 將當(dāng)前fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的真實(shí)dom添加到父節(jié)點(diǎn)中，注意，這一步是會(huì)觸發(fā)瀏覽器回流重繪的！！！
  if(fiber.parent){
    fiber.parent.dom.appendChild(fiber.dom)
  }
  // 第三步 給子元素創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)
  const children = fiber.props.children
  let prevSibling
  children.forEach((child, index) => {
    const newFiber = {
      type: child.type,
      props: child.props,
      parent: fiber,
      dom: null
    }
    if(index === 0){
      fiber.child = newFiber
    } else {
      prevSibling.sibling = newFiber
    }
    prevSibling = newFiber
  })
  // 第四步，查找下一個(gè)工作單元
  if(fiber.child){
    return fiber.child
  }
  let nextFiber = fiber
  while(nextFiber){
    if(nextFiber.sibling){
      return nextFiber.sibling
    }
    nextFiber = nextFiber.parent
  }
}
const MiniReact = {
  createElement:  (type, props, ...children) => {
    return {
      type,
      props: {
        ...props,
        children: children.map(child => {
          if(typeof child === 'object'){
            return child
          }
          return {
            type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
            props: {
              nodeValue: child,
              children: [],
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  },
  render
}
/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const element = (
  <div>
    <h1>
      <p />
      <a />
    </h1>
    <h2 />
  </div>
)
// const element = (
//   <div id="foo">
//     <a>bar</a>
//     <b />
//   </div>
// )
console.log('element======', element)
const container = document.getElementById("root")
MiniReact.render(element, container)

這里有一點(diǎn)值得細(xì)品，React.createElement返回的element tree和performUnitOfWork創(chuàng)建的fiber tree有什么聯(lián)系。如下圖所示：

React Element Tree是由React.createElement方法創(chuàng)建的樹(shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)象
Fiber Tree是根據(jù)React Element Tree創(chuàng)建來(lái)的樹(shù)。每個(gè)Fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)保存著真實(shí)的DOM節(jié)點(diǎn)，并且保存著對(duì)React Element Tree中對(duì)應(yīng)的Element節(jié)點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用。注意，Element節(jié)點(diǎn)并不會(huì)保存對(duì)Fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用

第六章 Render and Commit Phases

第五章的performUnitOfWork有些問(wèn)題，在第二步中我們直接將新創(chuàng)建的真實(shí)dom節(jié)點(diǎn)掛載到了容器上，這樣會(huì)帶來(lái)兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：

每次執(zhí)行performUnitOfWork都會(huì)造成瀏覽器回流重繪，因?yàn)檎鎸?shí)的dom已經(jīng)被添加到瀏覽器上了，性能極差
瀏覽器是可以打斷渲染過(guò)程的，因此可能會(huì)造成用戶(hù)看到不完整的UI界面

我們需要改造一下我們的代碼，在performUnitOfWork階段不把真實(shí)的dom節(jié)點(diǎn)掛載到容器上。保存fiber tree根節(jié)點(diǎn)的引用。等到fiber tree構(gòu)建完成，再一次性提交真實(shí)的dom節(jié)點(diǎn)并且添加到容器上。

import React from 'react';
function createDom(fiber) {
  const dom = fiber.type === 'TEXT_ELEMENT' ? document.createTextNode("") : document.createElement(fiber.type)
  const isProperty = key => key !== 'children'
  Object.keys(fiber.props)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = fiber.props[name]
    })
  return dom
}
let nextUnitOfWork = null
let wipRoot = null
function render(element, container){
  wipRoot = {
    dom: container,
    props: {
      children: [element], // 此時(shí)的element還只是React.createElement函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的virtual dom樹(shù)
    },
  }
  nextUnitOfWork = wipRoot
}
function commitRoot(){
  commitWork(wipRoot.child)
  wipRoot = null
}
function commitWork(fiber){
  if(!fiber){
    return
  }
  const domParent = fiber.parent.dom;
  domParent.appendChild(fiber.dom)
  commitWork(fiber.child)
  commitWork(fiber.sibling)
}
function workLoop(deadline) {
  let shouldYield = false
  while (nextUnitOfWork && !shouldYield) {
    nextUnitOfWork = performUnitOfWork(nextUnitOfWork)
    shouldYield = deadline.timeRemaining() < 1
  }
  if(!nextUnitOfWork && wipRoot){
    commitRoot()
  }
  requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
}
requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
function performUnitOfWork(fiber) {
  // 第一步 根據(jù)fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建真實(shí)的dom節(jié)點(diǎn)，并保存在fiber.dom屬性中
  if(!fiber.dom){
    fiber.dom = createDom(fiber)
  }
  // 第二步 將當(dāng)前fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的真實(shí)dom添加到父節(jié)點(diǎn)中，注意，這一步是會(huì)觸發(fā)瀏覽器回流重繪的?。?！
  // if(fiber.parent){
  //   fiber.parent.dom.appendChild(fiber.dom)
  // }
  // 第三步 給子元素創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)
  const children = fiber.props.children
  let prevSibling
  children.forEach((child, index) => {
    const newFiber = {
      type: child.type,
      props: child.props,
      parent: fiber,
      dom: null
    }
    if(index === 0){
      fiber.child = newFiber
    } else {
      prevSibling.sibling = newFiber
    }
    prevSibling = newFiber
  })
  // 第四步，查找下一個(gè)工作單元
  if(fiber.child){
    return fiber.child
  }
  let nextFiber = fiber
  while(nextFiber){
    if(nextFiber.sibling){
      return nextFiber.sibling
    }
    nextFiber = nextFiber.parent
  }
}
const MiniReact = {
  createElement:  (type, props, ...children) => {
    return {
      type,
      props: {
        ...props,
        children: children.map(child => {
          if(typeof child === 'object'){
            return child
          }
          return {
            type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
            props: {
              nodeValue: child,
              children: [],
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  },
  render
}
/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const element = (
  <div>
    <h1>
      <p />
      <a />
    </h1>
    <h2 />
  </div>
)
// const element = (
//   <div id="foo">
//     <a>bar</a>
//     <b />
//   </div>
// )
console.log('element======', element)
const container = document.getElementById("root")
MiniReact.render(element, container)

第七章 Reconciliation

目前為止，我們只考慮添加dom節(jié)點(diǎn)到容器上這一單一場(chǎng)景，更新刪除還沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

我們需要對(duì)比最新的React Element Tree和最近一次的Fiber Tree的差異

我們需要給每個(gè)fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)添加一個(gè)alternate屬性來(lái)保存舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)

alternate保存的舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)主要有以下幾個(gè)用途:

復(fù)用舊fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)上的真實(shí)dom節(jié)點(diǎn)
舊fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)上的props和新的element節(jié)點(diǎn)的props對(duì)比
舊fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)上保存有更新的隊(duì)列，在創(chuàng)建新的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí)執(zhí)行這些隊(duì)列以獲取最新的頁(yè)面

  const children = fiber.props.children
  reconcileChildren(fiber, children)
  function reconcileChildren(wipFiber, elements) {
    let index = 0
    let oldFiber = wipFiber.alternate && wipFiber.alternate.child
    let prevSibling = null
    while (index < elements.length || oldFiber != null) {
      const element = elements[index]
      let newFiber = null
      const sameType = oldFiber && element && element.type == oldFiber.type
      if (sameType) {
        newFiber = {
          type: oldFiber.type,
          props: element.props,
          dom: oldFiber.dom,
          parent: wipFiber,
          alternate: oldFiber,
          effectTag: "UPDATE",
        }
      }
      if (element && !sameType) {
        newFiber = {
          type: element.type,
          props: element.props,
          dom: null,
          parent: wipFiber,
          alternate: null,
          effectTag: "PLACEMENT",
        }
      }
      if (oldFiber && !sameType) {
        oldFiber.effectTag = "DELETION"
        deletions.push(oldFiber)
      }
      if (oldFiber) {
        oldFiber = oldFiber.sibling
      }
      if (index === 0) {
        wipFiber.child = newFiber
      } else if (element) {
        prevSibling.sibling = newFiber
      }
      prevSibling = newFiber
      index++
    }
}

如上代碼所示：

協(xié)調(diào)過(guò)程：

本質(zhì)上依然是根據(jù)新的React Element Tree創(chuàng)建新的Fiber Tree，不過(guò)為了節(jié)省內(nèi)存開(kāi)銷(xiāo)，協(xié)調(diào)過(guò)程會(huì)判斷新的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)能否復(fù)用舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)上的真實(shí)dom元素，如果能復(fù)用，就不需要再?gòu)念^到尾全部重新創(chuàng)建一遍真實(shí)的dom元素。同時(shí)每個(gè)新fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)上還會(huì)保存著對(duì)舊fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的引用，方便在commit階段做新舊屬性props的對(duì)比。
如果old fiber.type 和 new element.type相同，則保留舊的dom節(jié)點(diǎn)，只更新props屬性
如果type不相同并且有new element，則創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的真實(shí)dom節(jié)點(diǎn)
如果type不同并且有old fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)，則刪除該節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的真實(shí)dom節(jié)點(diǎn)
刪除節(jié)點(diǎn)需要有個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)的數(shù)組收集需要?jiǎng)h除的舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)。由于新的element tree創(chuàng)建出來(lái)的新的fiber tree不存在對(duì)應(yīng)的dom，因此需要收集舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)，并在commit階段刪除

注意，協(xié)調(diào)過(guò)程，還是以最新的React Element Tree為主去創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的fiber tree，只不過(guò)是新的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)復(fù)用舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的真實(shí)dom元素，畢竟頻繁創(chuàng)建真實(shí)dom是很消耗內(nèi)存的。新的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)還是會(huì)保存著對(duì)舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的引用，方便在commit階段進(jìn)行新屬性和舊屬性的比較。這里會(huì)有個(gè)問(wèn)題，如果新fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)保留舊fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的引用，那么隨著更新次數(shù)越來(lái)越多，舊的fiber tree是不是也會(huì)越來(lái)越多，如何銷(xiāo)毀？

import React from 'react';
function createDom(fiber) {
  const dom = fiber.type === 'TEXT_ELEMENT' ? document.createTextNode("") : document.createElement(fiber.type)
  updateDom(dom, {}, fiber.props)
  return dom
}
let nextUnitOfWork = null
let wipRoot = null // 保存著對(duì)root fiber的引用
let currentRoot = null // 保存著當(dāng)前頁(yè)面對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber tree
let deletions = null
function render(element, container){
  wipRoot = {
    dom: container,
    props: {
      children: [element], // 此時(shí)的element還只是React.createElement函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的virtual dom樹(shù)
    },
    alternate: currentRoot,
  }
  deletions = []
  nextUnitOfWork = wipRoot
}
function commitRoot(){
  deletions.forEach(commitWork)
  commitWork(wipRoot.child)
  currentRoot = wipRoot
  wipRoot = null
}
const isEvent = key => key.startsWith("on")
const isProperty = key => key !== "children" && !isEvent(key)
const isNew = (prev, next) => key => prev[key] !== next[key]
const isGone = (prev, next) => key => !(key in next)
function updateDom(dom, prevProps, nextProps) {
  //Remove old or changed event listeners
  Object.keys(prevProps)
    .filter(isEvent)
    .filter(
      key =>
        !(key in nextProps) ||
        isNew(prevProps, nextProps)(key)
    )
    .forEach(name => {
      const eventType = name
        .toLowerCase()
        .substring(2)
      dom.removeEventListener(
        eventType,
        prevProps[name]
      )
    })
  // Remove old properties
  Object.keys(prevProps)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .filter(isGone(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = ""
    })
  // Set new or changed properties
  Object.keys(nextProps)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .filter(isNew(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = nextProps[name]
    })
  // Add event listeners
  Object.keys(nextProps)
    .filter(isEvent)
    .filter(isNew(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      const eventType = name
        .toLowerCase()
        .substring(2)
      dom.addEventListener(
        eventType,
        nextProps[name]
      )
    })
}
function commitWork(fiber){
  if(!fiber){
    return
  }
  const domParent = fiber.parent.dom;
  if (fiber.effectTag === "PLACEMENT" && fiber.dom != null) {
    domParent.appendChild(fiber.dom)
  } else if (fiber.effectTag === "UPDATE" && fiber.dom != null) {
    updateDom(
      fiber.dom,
      fiber.alternate.props,
      fiber.props
    )
  } else if (fiber.effectTag === "DELETION") {
    domParent.removeChild(fiber.dom)
  }
  commitWork(fiber.child)
  commitWork(fiber.sibling)
}
function workLoop(deadline) {
  let shouldYield = false
  while (nextUnitOfWork && !shouldYield) {
    nextUnitOfWork = performUnitOfWork(nextUnitOfWork)
    shouldYield = deadline.timeRemaining() < 1
  }
  if(!nextUnitOfWork && wipRoot){
    commitRoot()
  }
  requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
}
requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
function reconcileChildren(wipFiber, elements) {
  let index = 0
  let oldFiber =
      wipFiber.alternate && wipFiber.alternate.child
  let prevSibling = null
  while (index < elements.length || oldFiber != null) {
    const element = elements[index]
    let newFiber = null
    const sameType = oldFiber && element && element.type == oldFiber.type
    if (sameType) {
      newFiber = {
        type: oldFiber.type,
        props: element.props,
        dom: oldFiber.dom,
        parent: wipFiber,
        alternate: oldFiber,
        effectTag: "UPDATE",
      }
    }
    if (element && !sameType) {
      newFiber = {
        type: element.type,
        props: element.props,
        dom: null,
        parent: wipFiber,
        alternate: null,
        effectTag: "PLACEMENT",
      }
    }
    if (oldFiber && !sameType) {
      oldFiber.effectTag = "DELETION"
      deletions.push(oldFiber)
    }
    if (oldFiber) {
      oldFiber = oldFiber.sibling
    }
    if (index === 0) {
      wipFiber.child = newFiber
    } else if (element) {
      prevSibling.sibling = newFiber
    }
    prevSibling = newFiber
    index++
  }
}
function performUnitOfWork(fiber) {
  // 第一步 根據(jù)fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建真實(shí)的dom節(jié)點(diǎn)，并保存在fiber.dom屬性中
  if(!fiber.dom){
    fiber.dom = createDom(fiber)
  }
  // 第二步 將當(dāng)前fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)的真實(shí)dom添加到父節(jié)點(diǎn)中，注意，這一步是會(huì)觸發(fā)瀏覽器回流重繪的?。?！
  // if(fiber.parent){
  //   fiber.parent.dom.appendChild(fiber.dom)
  // }
  // 第三步 給子元素創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)
  const children = fiber.props.children
  // let prevSibling
  // children.forEach((child, index) => {
  //   const newFiber = {
  //     type: child.type,
  //     props: child.props,
  //     parent: fiber,
  //     dom: null
  //   }
  //   if(index === 0){
  //     fiber.child = newFiber
  //   } else {
  //     prevSibling.sibling = newFiber
  //   }
  //   prevSibling = newFiber
  // })
  reconcileChildren(fiber, children)
  // 第四步，查找下一個(gè)工作單元
  if(fiber.child){
    return fiber.child
  }
  let nextFiber = fiber
  while(nextFiber){
    if(nextFiber.sibling){
      return nextFiber.sibling
    }
    nextFiber = nextFiber.parent
  }
}
const MiniReact = {
  createElement:  (type, props, ...children) => {
    return {
      type,
      props: {
        ...props,
        children: children.map(child => {
          if(typeof child === 'object'){
            return child
          }
          return {
            type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
            props: {
              nodeValue: child,
              children: [],
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  },
  render
}
/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const container = document.getElementById("root")
const updateValue = e => {
  rerender(e.target.value)
}
const rerender = value => {
  const element = (
    <div>
      <input onInput={updateValue} value={value} />
      <h2>Hello {value}</h2>
    </div>
  )
  MiniReact.render(element, container)
}
rerender("World")

第八章 Function Components

本章以下面的代碼為例：

/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const container = document.getElementById("root")
function App(props){
  return <h1>Hi { props.name }</h1>
}
const element = <App name="foo" />
MiniReact.render(element, container)

jsx經(jīng)過(guò)babel編譯后：

function App(props) {
  return MiniReact.createElement("h1", null, "Hi ", props.name);
}
const element = MiniReact.createElement(App, {
  name: "foo"
});

函數(shù)組件有兩點(diǎn)不同的地方：

函數(shù)組件對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的真實(shí)dom元素
需要執(zhí)行函數(shù)才能獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的children節(jié)點(diǎn)，而不是直接從props.children獲取

由于函數(shù)組件沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)，因此在commit階段在找父fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的dom時(shí)，需要判斷是否存在該dom元素

本章完整代碼：

import React from 'react';
function createDom(fiber) {
  const dom = fiber.type === 'TEXT_ELEMENT' ? document.createTextNode("") : document.createElement(fiber.type)
  updateDom(dom, {}, fiber.props)
  return dom
}
let nextUnitOfWork = null
let wipRoot = null // 保存著對(duì)root fiber的引用
let currentRoot = null // 保存著當(dāng)前頁(yè)面對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber tree
let deletions = null
function render(element, container){
  wipRoot = {
    dom: container,
    props: {
      children: [element], // 此時(shí)的element還只是React.createElement函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的virtual dom樹(shù)
    },
    alternate: currentRoot,
  }
  deletions = []
  nextUnitOfWork = wipRoot
}
function commitRoot(){
  deletions.forEach(commitWork)
  commitWork(wipRoot.child)
  currentRoot = wipRoot
  wipRoot = null
}
const isEvent = key => key.startsWith("on")
const isProperty = key => key !== "children" && !isEvent(key)
const isNew = (prev, next) => key => prev[key] !== next[key]
const isGone = (prev, next) => key => !(key in next)
function updateDom(dom, prevProps, nextProps) {
  //Remove old or changed event listeners
  Object.keys(prevProps)
    .filter(isEvent)
    .filter(
      key =>
        !(key in nextProps) ||
        isNew(prevProps, nextProps)(key)
    )
    .forEach(name => {
      const eventType = name
        .toLowerCase()
        .substring(2)
      dom.removeEventListener(
        eventType,
        prevProps[name]
      )
    })
  // Remove old properties
  Object.keys(prevProps)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .filter(isGone(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = ""
    })
  // Set new or changed properties
  Object.keys(nextProps)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .filter(isNew(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = nextProps[name]
    })
  // Add event listeners
  Object.keys(nextProps)
    .filter(isEvent)
    .filter(isNew(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      const eventType = name
        .toLowerCase()
        .substring(2)
      dom.addEventListener(
        eventType,
        nextProps[name]
      )
    })
}
function commitWork(fiber){
  if(!fiber){
    return
  }
  let domParentFiber = fiber.parent
  while(!domParentFiber.dom){
    domParentFiber = domParentFiber.parent
  }
  const domParent = domParentFiber.dom;
  if (fiber.effectTag === "PLACEMENT" && fiber.dom != null) {
    domParent.appendChild(fiber.dom)
  } else if (fiber.effectTag === "UPDATE" && fiber.dom != null) {
    updateDom(fiber.dom, fiber.alternate.props, fiber.props)
  } else if (fiber.effectTag === "DELETION") {
    // domParent.removeChild(fiber.dom)
    commitDeletion(fiber, domParent)
  }
  commitWork(fiber.child)
  commitWork(fiber.sibling)
}
function commitDeletion(fiber, domParent){
  if(fiber.dom){
    domParent.removeChild(fiber.dom)
  } else {
    commitDeletion(fiber.child, domParent)
  }
}
function workLoop(deadline) {
  let shouldYield = false
  while (nextUnitOfWork && !shouldYield) {
    nextUnitOfWork = performUnitOfWork(nextUnitOfWork)
    shouldYield = deadline.timeRemaining() < 1
  }
  if(!nextUnitOfWork && wipRoot){
    commitRoot()
  }
  requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
}
requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
function reconcileChildren(wipFiber, elements) {
  let index = 0
  let oldFiber =
      wipFiber.alternate && wipFiber.alternate.child
  let prevSibling = null
  while (index < elements.length || oldFiber != null) {
    const element = elements[index]
    let newFiber = null
    const sameType = oldFiber && element && element.type == oldFiber.type
    if (sameType) {
      newFiber = {
        type: oldFiber.type,
        props: element.props,
        dom: oldFiber.dom,
        parent: wipFiber,
        alternate: oldFiber,
        effectTag: "UPDATE",
      }
    }
    if (element && !sameType) {
      newFiber = {
        type: element.type,
        props: element.props,
        dom: null,
        parent: wipFiber,
        alternate: null,
        effectTag: "PLACEMENT",
      }
    }
    if (oldFiber && !sameType) {
      oldFiber.effectTag = "DELETION"
      deletions.push(oldFiber)
    }
    if (oldFiber) {
      oldFiber = oldFiber.sibling
    }
    if (index === 0) {
      wipFiber.child = newFiber
    } else if (element) {
      prevSibling.sibling = newFiber
    }
    prevSibling = newFiber
    index++
  }
}
function performUnitOfWork(fiber) {
  // 1.函數(shù)組件對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有真實(shí)dom元素
  // 2.函數(shù)組件需要運(yùn)行函數(shù)獲取children
  const isFunctionComponent = fiber.type instanceof Function
  if(!isFunctionComponent && !fiber.dom){
    fiber.dom = createDom(fiber)
  }
  const children = isFunctionComponent ? [fiber.type(fiber.props)] : fiber.props.children
  // 第二步 為每一個(gè)新的react element節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)，并判斷舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)上的真實(shí)dom元素是否可以復(fù)用。
  // 節(jié)省創(chuàng)建真實(shí)dom元素的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)
  reconcileChildren(fiber, children)
  // 第三步，查找下一個(gè)工作單元
  if(fiber.child){
    return fiber.child
  }
  let nextFiber = fiber
  while(nextFiber){
    if(nextFiber.sibling){
      return nextFiber.sibling
    }
    nextFiber = nextFiber.parent
  }
}
const MiniReact = {
  createElement:  (type, props, ...children) => {
    return {
      type,
      props: {
        ...props,
        children: children.map(child => {
          if(typeof child === 'object'){
            return child
          }
          return {
            type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
            props: {
              nodeValue: child,
              children: [],
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  },
  render
}
/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const container = document.getElementById("root")
function App(props){
  return <h1>Hi { props.name }</h1>
}
const element = <App name="foo" />
MiniReact.render(element, container)

第九章 Hooks

本章完整代碼

import React from 'react';
function createDom(fiber) {
  const dom = fiber.type === 'TEXT_ELEMENT' ? document.createTextNode("") : document.createElement(fiber.type)
  updateDom(dom, {}, fiber.props)
  return dom
}
let nextUnitOfWork = null
let wipRoot = null // 保存著對(duì)root fiber的引用
let currentRoot = null // 保存著當(dāng)前頁(yè)面對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber tree
let deletions = null
function render(element, container){
  wipRoot = {
    dom: container,
    props: {
      children: [element], // 此時(shí)的element還只是React.createElement函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的virtual dom樹(shù)
    },
    alternate: currentRoot,
  }
  deletions = []
  nextUnitOfWork = wipRoot
}
function commitRoot(){
  deletions.forEach(commitWork)
  commitWork(wipRoot.child)
  currentRoot = wipRoot
  wipRoot = null
}
const isEvent = key => key.startsWith("on")
const isProperty = key => key !== "children" && !isEvent(key)
const isNew = (prev, next) => key => prev[key] !== next[key]
const isGone = (prev, next) => key => !(key in next)
function updateDom(dom, prevProps, nextProps) {
  //Remove old or changed event listeners
  Object.keys(prevProps)
    .filter(isEvent)
    .filter(
      key =>
        !(key in nextProps) ||
        isNew(prevProps, nextProps)(key)
    )
    .forEach(name => {
      const eventType = name
        .toLowerCase()
        .substring(2)
      dom.removeEventListener(
        eventType,
        prevProps[name]
      )
    })
  // Remove old properties
  Object.keys(prevProps)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .filter(isGone(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = ""
    })
  // Set new or changed properties
  Object.keys(nextProps)
    .filter(isProperty)
    .filter(isNew(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      dom[name] = nextProps[name]
    })
  // Add event listeners
  Object.keys(nextProps)
    .filter(isEvent)
    .filter(isNew(prevProps, nextProps))
    .forEach(name => {
      const eventType = name
        .toLowerCase()
        .substring(2)
      dom.addEventListener(
        eventType,
        nextProps[name]
      )
    })
}
function commitWork(fiber){
  if(!fiber){
    return
  }
  let domParentFiber = fiber.parent
  while(!domParentFiber.dom){
    domParentFiber = domParentFiber.parent
  }
  const domParent = domParentFiber.dom;
  if (fiber.effectTag === "PLACEMENT" && fiber.dom != null) {
    domParent.appendChild(fiber.dom)
  } else if (fiber.effectTag === "UPDATE" && fiber.dom != null) {
    updateDom(fiber.dom, fiber.alternate.props, fiber.props)
  } else if (fiber.effectTag === "DELETION") {
    // domParent.removeChild(fiber.dom)
    commitDeletion(fiber, domParent)
  }
  commitWork(fiber.child)
  commitWork(fiber.sibling)
}
function commitDeletion(fiber, domParent){
  if(fiber.dom){
    domParent.removeChild(fiber.dom)
  } else {
    commitDeletion(fiber.child, domParent)
  }
}
function workLoop(deadline) {
  let shouldYield = false
  while (nextUnitOfWork && !shouldYield) {
    nextUnitOfWork = performUnitOfWork(nextUnitOfWork)
    shouldYield = deadline.timeRemaining() < 1
  }
  if(!nextUnitOfWork && wipRoot){
    commitRoot()
  }
  requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
}
requestIdleCallback(workLoop)
function reconcileChildren(wipFiber, elements) {
  let index = 0
  let oldFiber =
      wipFiber.alternate && wipFiber.alternate.child
  let prevSibling = null
  while (index < elements.length || oldFiber != null) {
    const element = elements[index]
    let newFiber = null
    const sameType = oldFiber && element && element.type == oldFiber.type
    if (sameType) {
      newFiber = {
        type: oldFiber.type,
        props: element.props,
        dom: oldFiber.dom,
        parent: wipFiber,
        alternate: oldFiber,
        effectTag: "UPDATE",
      }
    }
    if (element && !sameType) {
      newFiber = {
        type: element.type,
        props: element.props,
        dom: null,
        parent: wipFiber,
        alternate: null,
        effectTag: "PLACEMENT",
      }
    }
    if (oldFiber && !sameType) {
      oldFiber.effectTag = "DELETION"
      deletions.push(oldFiber)
    }
    if (oldFiber) {
      oldFiber = oldFiber.sibling
    }
    if (index === 0) {
      wipFiber.child = newFiber
    } else if (element) {
      prevSibling.sibling = newFiber
    }
    prevSibling = newFiber
    index++
  }
}
function performUnitOfWork(fiber) {
  // 1.函數(shù)組件對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有真實(shí)dom元素
  // 2.函數(shù)組件需要運(yùn)行函數(shù)獲取children
  const isFunctionComponent = fiber.type instanceof Function
  if(!isFunctionComponent && !fiber.dom){
    fiber.dom = createDom(fiber)
  }
  const children = isFunctionComponent ? updateFunctionComponent(fiber) : fiber.props.children
  // 第二步 為每一個(gè)新的react element節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)，并判斷舊的fiber節(jié)點(diǎn)上的真實(shí)dom元素是否可以復(fù)用。
  // 節(jié)省創(chuàng)建真實(shí)dom元素的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)
  reconcileChildren(fiber, children)
  // 第三步，查找下一個(gè)工作單元
  if(fiber.child){
    return fiber.child
  }
  let nextFiber = fiber
  while(nextFiber){
    if(nextFiber.sibling){
      return nextFiber.sibling
    }
    nextFiber = nextFiber.parent
  }
}
let wipFiber = null
let hookIndex = null
function updateFunctionComponent(fiber){
  wipFiber = fiber
  hookIndex = 0
  wipFiber.hooks = []
  return [fiber.type(fiber.props)]
}
function useState(initial){
  const oldHook = wipFiber.alternate && wipFiber.alternate.hooks && wipFiber.alternate.hooks[hookIndex]
  const hook = {
    state: oldHook ? oldHook.state : initial,
    queue: [],
  }
  const actions = oldHook ? oldHook.queue : []
  actions.forEach(action => {
    hook.state = action(hook.state)
  })
  const setState = action => {
    hook.queue.push(action)
    wipRoot = {
      dom: currentRoot.dom,
      props: currentRoot.props,
      alternate: currentRoot,
    }
    nextUnitOfWork = wipRoot
    deletions = []
  }
  wipFiber.hooks.push(hook)
  hookIndex++
  return [hook.state, setState]
}
const MiniReact = {
  createElement:  (type, props, ...children) => {
    return {
      type,
      props: {
        ...props,
        children: children.map(child => {
          if(typeof child === 'object'){
            return child
          }
          return {
            type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT',
            props: {
              nodeValue: child,
              children: [],
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  },
  render,
  useState,
}
/** @jsx MiniReact.createElement */
const container = document.getElementById("root")
function Counter(){
  const [state, setState] = MiniReact.useState(1)
  return (
    <h1 onClick={() => setState(c => c + 1)}>
      Count: { state }
    </h1>
  )
}
const element = <Counter />
MiniReact.render(element, container)

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