Android?NotificationListenerService?通知服務原理解析
前言
在上一篇通知服務NotificationListenerService使用方法 中,我們已經(jīng)介紹了如何使用NotificationListenerService來監(jiān)聽消息通知,在最后我們還模擬了如何實現(xiàn)微信自動搶紅包功能。
那么NotificationListenerService是如何實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)通知監(jiān)聽的呢?(本篇源碼分析基于API 32)
NotificationListenerService方法集
NotificationLisenerService是Service的子類
public abstract class NotificationListenerService extends Service
除了Service的方法屬性外,NotificationListenerService還為我們提供了收到通知、通知被移除、連接到通知管理器等方法,如下圖所示。
一般業(yè)務中我們只關注有標簽的那四個方法即可。
NotificationListenerService接收流程
既然NotificationListenerService是繼承自Service的,我們先來看它的onBind方法,代碼如下所示。
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
if (mWrapper == null) {
mWrapper = new NotificationListenerWrapper();
}
return mWrapper;
}
在onBind方法中返回了一個NotificationListenerWrapper實例,NotificationListenerWrapper對象是定義在NotificationListenerService中的一個內(nèi)部類。主要方法如下所示。
/** @hide */
protected class NotificationListenerWrapper extends INotificationListener.Stub {
@Override
public void onNotificationPosted(IStatusBarNotificationHolder sbnHolder,
NotificationRankingUpdate update) {
StatusBarNotification sbn;
try {
sbn = sbnHolder.get();
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.w(TAG, "onNotificationPosted: Error receiving StatusBarNotification", e);
return;
}
if (sbn == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "onNotificationPosted: Error receiving StatusBarNotification");
return;
}
try {
// convert icon metadata to legacy format for older clients
createLegacyIconExtras(sbn.getNotification());
maybePopulateRemoteViews(sbn.getNotification());
maybePopulatePeople(sbn.getNotification());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// warn and drop corrupt notification
Log.w(TAG, "onNotificationPosted: can't rebuild notification from " +
sbn.getPackageName());
sbn = null;
}
// protect subclass from concurrent modifications of (@link mNotificationKeys}.
synchronized (mLock) {
applyUpdateLocked(update);
if (sbn != null) {
SomeArgs args = SomeArgs.obtain();
args.arg1 = sbn;
args.arg2 = mRankingMap;
mHandler.obtainMessage(MyHandler.MSG_ON_NOTIFICATION_POSTED,
args).sendToTarget();
} else {
// still pass along the ranking map, it may contain other information
mHandler.obtainMessage(MyHandler.MSG_ON_NOTIFICATION_RANKING_UPDATE,
mRankingMap).sendToTarget();
}
}
...省略onNotificationRemoved等方法
}
NotificationListenerWrapper繼承自INotificationListener.Stub,當我們看到Stub這一關鍵字的時候,就應該知道這里是使用AIDL實現(xiàn)了跨進程通信。
在NotificationListenerWrapper的onNotificationPosted中通過代碼
mHandler.obtainMessage(MyHandler.MSG_ON_NOTIFICATION_POSTED,
args).sendToTarget();
將消息發(fā)送出去,handler接受后,又調(diào)用NotificationListernerService的onNotificationPosted方法,進而實現(xiàn)通知消息的監(jiān)聽。代碼如下所示。
private final class MyHandler extends Handler {
public static final int MSG_ON_NOTIFICATION_POSTED = 1;
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (!isConnected) {
return;
}
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_ON_NOTIFICATION_POSTED: {
SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) msg.obj;
StatusBarNotification sbn = (StatusBarNotification) args.arg1;
RankingMap rankingMap = (RankingMap) args.arg2;
args.recycle();
onNotificationPosted(sbn, rankingMap);
} break;
...
}
}
}
那么,消息通知發(fā)送時,又是如何與NotificationListenerWrapper通信的呢?
通知消息發(fā)送流程
當客戶端發(fā)送一個通知的時候,會調(diào)用如下所示的代碼
notificationManager.notify(1, notification)
notify又會調(diào)用notifyAsUser方法,代碼如下所示
public void notifyAsUser(String tag, int id, Notification notification, UserHandle user)
{
INotificationManager service = getService();
String pkg = mContext.getPackageName();
try {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, pkg + ": notify(" + id + ", " + notification + ")");
service.enqueueNotificationWithTag(pkg, mContext.getOpPackageName(), tag, id,
fixNotification(notification), user.getIdentifier());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
緊接著又會走到INotificationManager的enqueueNotificationWithTag方法中,enqueueNotificationWithTag是聲明在INotificationManager.aidl文件中的接口
/** {@hide} */
interface INotificationManager
{
@UnsupportedAppUsage
void cancelAllNotifications(String pkg, int userId);
...
void cancelToast(String pkg, IBinder token);
void finishToken(String pkg, IBinder token);
void enqueueNotificationWithTag(String pkg, String opPkg, String tag, int id,
in Notification notification, int userId);
...
}
這個接口是在NotificationManagerService中實現(xiàn)的,接著我們轉(zhuǎn)到NotificationManagerService中去查看,相關主要代碼如下所示。
@VisibleForTesting
final IBinder mService = new INotificationManager.Stub() {
@Override
public void enqueueNotificationWithTag(String pkg, String opPkg, String tag, int id,
Notification notification, int userId) throws RemoteException {
enqueueNotificationInternal(pkg, opPkg, Binder.getCallingUid(),
Binder.getCallingPid(), tag, id, notification, userId);
}
}
enqueueNotificationWithTag方法會走進enqueueNotificationInternal方法,在方法最后會通過Handler發(fā)送一個EnqueueNotificationRunnable,代碼如下所示。
void enqueueNotificationInternal(final String pkg, final String opPkg, final int callingUid,
final int callingPid, final String tag, final int id, final Notification notification,
int incomingUserId, boolean postSilently) {
...
//構造StatusBarNotification,用于分發(fā)監(jiān)聽服務
final StatusBarNotification n = new StatusBarNotification(
pkg, opPkg, id, tag, notificationUid, callingPid, notification,
user, null, System.currentTimeMillis());
// setup local book-keeping
String channelId = notification.getChannelId();
if (mIsTelevision && (new Notification.TvExtender(notification)).getChannelId() != null) {
channelId = (new Notification.TvExtender(notification)).getChannelId();
}
...
// 設置intent的白名點,是否盛典、是否后臺啟動等
if (notification.allPendingIntents != null) {
final int intentCount = notification.allPendingIntents.size();
if (intentCount > 0) {
final long duration = LocalServices.getService(
DeviceIdleInternal.class).getNotificationAllowlistDuration();
for (int i = 0; i < intentCount; i++) {
PendingIntent pendingIntent = notification.allPendingIntents.valueAt(i);
if (pendingIntent != null) {
mAmi.setPendingIntentAllowlistDuration(pendingIntent.getTarget(),
ALLOWLIST_TOKEN, duration,
TEMPORARY_ALLOWLIST_TYPE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE_ALLOWED,
REASON_NOTIFICATION_SERVICE,
"NotificationManagerService");
mAmi.setPendingIntentAllowBgActivityStarts(pendingIntent.getTarget(),
ALLOWLIST_TOKEN, (FLAG_ACTIVITY_SENDER | FLAG_BROADCAST_SENDER
| FLAG_SERVICE_SENDER));
}
}
}
}
...
mHandler.post(new EnqueueNotificationRunnable(userId, r, isAppForeground));
}
EnqueueNotificationRunnable源碼如下所示。
protected class EnqueueNotificationRunnable implements Runnable {
private final NotificationRecord r;
private final int userId;
private final boolean isAppForeground;
EnqueueNotificationRunnable(int userId, NotificationRecord r, boolean foreground) {
this.userId = userId;
this.r = r;
this.isAppForeground = foreground;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (mNotificationLock) {
...
//將通知加入隊列
mEnqueuedNotifications.add(r);
scheduleTimeoutLocked(r);
...
if (mAssistants.isEnabled()) {
mAssistants.onNotificationEnqueuedLocked(r);
mHandler.postDelayed(new PostNotificationRunnable(r.getKey()),
DELAY_FOR_ASSISTANT_TIME);
} else {
mHandler.post(new PostNotificationRunnable(r.getKey()));
}
}
}
}
在EnqueueNotificationRunnable最后又會發(fā)送一個PostNotificationRunable,
PostNotificationRunable源碼如下所示。
protected class PostNotificationRunnable implements Runnable {
private final String key;
PostNotificationRunnable(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (mNotificationLock) {
try {
...
//發(fā)送通知
if (notification.getSmallIcon() != null) {
StatusBarNotification oldSbn = (old != null) ? old.getSbn() : null;
mListeners.notifyPostedLocked(r, old);
if ((oldSbn == null || !Objects.equals(oldSbn.getGroup(), n.getGroup()))
&& !isCritical(r)) {
mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mGroupHelper.onNotificationPosted(
n, hasAutoGroupSummaryLocked(n));
}
});
} else if (oldSbn != null) {
final NotificationRecord finalRecord = r;
mHandler.post(() -> mGroupHelper.onNotificationUpdated(
finalRecord.getSbn(), hasAutoGroupSummaryLocked(n)));
}
} else {
//...
}
} finally {
...
}
}
}
}
從代碼中可以看出,PostNotificationRunable類中會調(diào)用notifyPostedLocked方法,這里你可能會有疑問:這里分明判斷notification.getSmallIcon()是否為null,不為null時才會進入notifyPostedLocked方法。為什么這里直接默認了呢?這是因為在Android5.0中規(guī)定smallIcon不可為null,且NotificationListenerService僅適用于5.0以上,所以這里是必然會執(zhí)行到notifyPostedLocked方法的。
其方法源碼如下所示。
private void notifyPostedLocked(NotificationRecord r, NotificationRecord old,
boolean notifyAllListeners) {
try {
// Lazily initialized snapshots of the notification.
StatusBarNotification sbn = r.getSbn();
StatusBarNotification oldSbn = (old != null) ? old.getSbn() : null;
TrimCache trimCache = new TrimCache(sbn);
//循環(huán)通知每個ManagedServiceInfo對象
for (final ManagedServiceInfo info : getServices()) {
...
mHandler.post(() -> notifyPosted(info, sbnToPost, update));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Could not notify listeners for " + r.getKey(), e);
}
}
notifyPostedLocked方法最終會調(diào)用notifyPosted方法,我們再來看notifyPosted方法。
private void notifyPosted(final ManagedServiceInfo info,
final StatusBarNotification sbn, NotificationRankingUpdate rankingUpdate) {
final INotificationListener listener = (INotificationListener) info.service;
StatusBarNotificationHolder sbnHolder = new StatusBarNotificationHolder(sbn);
try {
listener.onNotificationPosted(sbnHolder, rankingUpdate);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
Slog.e(TAG, "unable to notify listener (posted): " + info, ex);
}
}
notifyPosted方法,最終會調(diào)用INotificationListerner的onNotificationPosted方法,這樣就通知到了NotificationListenerService的onNotificationPosted方法。
上述方法的流程圖如下圖所示。
NotificationListenerService注冊
在NotificationListenerService中通過registerAsSystemService方法注冊服務,代碼如下所示。
@SystemApi
public void registerAsSystemService(Context context, ComponentName componentName,
int currentUser) throws RemoteException {
if (mWrapper == null) {
mWrapper = new NotificationListenerWrapper();
}
mSystemContext = context;
INotificationManager noMan = getNotificationInterface();
mHandler = new MyHandler(context.getMainLooper());
mCurrentUser = currentUser;
noMan.registerListener(mWrapper, componentName, currentUser);
}
registerAsSystemService方法將NotificationListenerWrapper對象注冊到NotificationManagerService中。如此就實現(xiàn)了對系統(tǒng)通知的監(jiān)聽。
總結(jié)
NotificationListenerService實現(xiàn)對系統(tǒng)通知的監(jiān)聽可以概括為三步:
- NotificationListenerService將 NotificationListenerWrapper注冊到NotificationManagerService中。
- 當有通知被發(fā)送時 ,NotificationManagerService跨進程通知到每個NotificationListenerWrapper。
- NotificationListenerWrapper中信息由NotificationListenerService類中的Handler中處理,從而調(diào)用NotificationListenerService中對應的回調(diào)方法。
以上就是Android NotificationListenerService 通知服務原理解析的詳細內(nèi)容,更多關于Android NotificationListenerService的資料請關注腳本之家其它相關文章!
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