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Java?SpringBoot?@Async實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù)的流程分析

 更新時(shí)間：2022年12月27日 11:06:48   作者：彭世瑜  
這篇文章主要介紹了Java?SpringBoot?@Async實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù),主要包括@Async?異步任務(wù)-無(wú)返回值，@Async?異步任務(wù)-有返回值，@Async?+?自定義線程池的操作代碼，需要的朋友可以參考下

依賴pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.7.7</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>
	
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<excludes>
						<exclude>
							<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
							<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
						</exclude>
					</excludes>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

1、同步任務(wù)

應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)類

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}

}

同步任務(wù)，耗時(shí)2秒

package com.example.demo.service;


import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
    /**
     * 同步任務(wù)
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public void syncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
        System.out.println("syncTask");
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/syncTask")
    public String syncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        taskService.syncTask();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";
    }
}

請(qǐng)求接口：等待2秒后返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/syncTask
Accept: application/json·

2、@Async 異步任務(wù)-無(wú)返回值

啟動(dòng)類需要加上注解：@EnableAsync

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}

}

異步任務(wù)

package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
    /**
     * 異步任務(wù)
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    @Async
    public void asyncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
        System.out.println("asyncTask");
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/asyncTask")
    public String asyncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        taskService.asyncTask();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";

    }
}

請(qǐng)求接口：無(wú)等待，直接返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTask
Accept: application/json

3、@Async 異步任務(wù)-有返回值

異步任務(wù)

package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
   /**
    * 異步任務(wù), 有返回值
    * @throws InterruptedException
    */
   @Async
   public Future<String> asyncTaskFuture() throws InterruptedException {
       Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
       System.out.println("asyncTaskFuture");

       return new AsyncResult<>("asyncTaskFuture");
   }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/asyncTaskFuture")
    public String asyncTaskFuture() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Future<String> future = taskService.asyncTaskFuture();

        // 線程等待結(jié)果返回
        String result = future.get();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return result;
    }
}

請(qǐng)求接口：等待2秒后返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTaskFuture
Accept: application/json

4、@Async + 自定義線程池

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

/**
 * 自定義線程池
 */
@Configuration
public class ExecutorAsyncConfig {

    @Bean(name = "newAsyncExecutor")
    public Executor newAsync() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

        // 設(shè)置核心線程數(shù)
        taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(10);
        // 線程池維護(hù)線程的最大數(shù)量，只有在緩沖隊(duì)列滿了以后才會(huì)申請(qǐng)超過(guò)核心線程數(shù)的線程
        taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(100);
        // 緩存隊(duì)列
        taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(50);
        // 允許的空閑時(shí)間，當(dāng)超過(guò)了核心線程數(shù)之外的線程在空閑時(shí)間到達(dá)之后會(huì)被銷毀
        taskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(200);
        // 異步方法內(nèi)部線程名稱
        taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("my-xiaoxiao-AsyncExecutor-");
        // 拒絕策略
        taskExecutor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        taskExecutor.initialize();

        return taskExecutor;
    }
}

異步任務(wù)

package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
   /**
    * 自定義線程池 執(zhí)行異步任務(wù)
    * @throws InterruptedException
    */
   @Async("newAsyncExecutor")
   public void asyncTaskNewAsync() throws InterruptedException {
       Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);

       System.out.println("asyncTaskNewAsync");

   }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/asyncTaskNewAsync")
    public String asyncTaskNewAsync() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        taskService.asyncTaskNewAsync();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";
    }
}

請(qǐng)求接口：無(wú)等待，直接返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTaskNewAsync
Accept: application/json

5、CompletableFuture 實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù)

不需要在啟動(dòng)類上加@EnableAsync 注解，也不需要在方法上加@Async 注解

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {

    @GetMapping("/completableFuture")
    public String completableFuture(){
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // CompletableFuture實(shí)現(xiàn)異步任務(wù)
        CompletableFuture<Void> result = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {

            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println("CompletableFuture");
        });

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";
    }

}

參考
SpringBoot使用@Async的總結(jié)！

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