docker?inspect?操作詳解

更新時(shí)間：2023年01月18日 10:45:17 作者：岳來(lái)

docker?inspect是docker客戶端的原生命令，用于查看docker對(duì)象的底層基礎(chǔ)信息。包括容器的id、創(chuàng)建時(shí)間、運(yùn)行狀態(tài)、啟動(dòng)參數(shù)、目錄掛載、網(wǎng)路配置等等。另外，該命令也可以用來(lái)查看docker鏡像的信息，這篇文章主要介紹了docker?inspect?詳解,需要的朋友可以參考下

一、功能介紹

docker inspect 會(huì)以 json 格式得到 docker 鏡像/容器的元數(shù)據(jù)。

如下，查看mysql鏡像的完整元數(shù)據(jù)：

docker inspect mysql:5.7
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417",
        "RepoTags": [
            "mysql:5.7"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-09-03T07:25:25.419696974Z",
        "Container": "9979ac05c87381fb984ce556c94ac87ef0b0209eca50e9a0d81d28756557c2ce",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "9979ac05c873",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
                "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
                "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"mysqld\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:cae8446f5d2e62008d7a1e3bc66ca14ced29fa4c4d0237cf4e6857fd5ca0c18d",
            "Volumes": {
                "/var/lib/mysql": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
                "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
                "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "mysqld"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:cae8446f5d2e62008d7a1e3bc66ca14ced29fa4c4d0237cf4e6857fd5ca0c18d",
            "Volumes": {
                "/var/lib/mysql": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 448211969,
        "VirtualSize": 448211969,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "RootDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/e96512345b168f8f1f03e341bdc1e305687a8a54eefab1dfd5e21665ee01933a/root"
            },
            "Name": "overlay"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046",
                "sha256:731f7c21360385893ff752e1200bf901f7936f973801eb6f10dc81f249920994",
                "sha256:b2830993d63aac4a4c4c3cdea0ccae39c14d53e69d82d4a6541b35670431f244",
                "sha256:97a2a3481f0d61f26f855842ffb8170680a68659ab724042b3a000941a5a0a4e",
                "sha256:35e94dafc854af4a22dd101bc5f6b0b453c91d50ef9893228ae9b41d5fd99226",
                "sha256:2eaac5532d4479e5e821f724c854b8bc38527708ff484397b841561e21a8fc9a",
                "sha256:89638afc97cdd7709e24a927a87520751464fbb3af9b564e591f0a783b6276fc",
                "sha256:71cabb0b234c522858b8398181aac5ff1a98ec6be8ba71c4079a3cb093f6b4de",
                "sha256:b09979068448d00f4513f2bb8b5a4e3734bbbddc526ed5205fbd52f442727167",
                "sha256:67536a20af848ab1861ea5e5bf336e223a474e7c411bf21761b8b55f40bde9b9",
                "sha256:7449e60227868d770c9fd6437a85717bd6d09667e1e066190af887f687c62372"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

如下為以mysql:5.7啟動(dòng)的容器的完整元數(shù)據(jù)：

docker run -itd mysql:5.7 /bin/sh
492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3

docker inspect 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
[
    {
        "Id": "492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3",
        "Created": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.321391083Z",
        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "/bin/sh"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 48552,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.584406847Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3-json.log",
        "Name": "/silly_antonelli",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {
                    "max-file": "10",
                    "max-size": "100m"
                }
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": [
                {
                    "Name": "NOFILE",
                    "Hard": 655350,
                    "Soft": 655350
                }
            ],
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/e96512345b168f8f1f03e341bdc1e305687a8a54eefab1dfd5e21665ee01933a/root",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/3fbd4444a83b03d8684acd87e38bcaac658d4e038f6e27aaabc10b20152f1563/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/3fbd4444a83b03d8684acd87e38bcaac658d4e038f6e27aaabc10b20152f1563/upper",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/3fbd4444a83b03d8684acd87e38bcaac658d4e038f6e27aaabc10b20152f1563/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "cb8a9a3d23814b91df3566e7b14b355cc381aa5719297907a68f6d99a1472294",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/cb8a9a3d23814b91df3566e7b14b355cc381aa5719297907a68f6d99a1472294/_data",
                "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "492c91fb2b8f",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
                "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
                "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh"
            ],
            "Image": "mysql:5.7",
            "Volumes": {
                "/var/lib/mysql": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "a2f0fe86422968b0c5e1d0b7e4dd66a742dedfc8b01b56eb30649449969f4f12",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "3306/tcp": null,
                "33060/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/data/docker/exec/netns/a2f0fe864229",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "9cbe344a6886a489cd1b3d4cef5befc454d477d4c5ac59756d8bdf579739f20a",
                    "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

二、參數(shù)說(shuō)明

2.1、-f

通常我們需要獲取某一個(gè)具體的key，會(huì)用grep，如下，grep會(huì)獲取到其他的數(shù)據(jù)，不夠完整或者有冗余，還得進(jìn)一步處理，但是 -f 可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題：

docker inspect mysql:5.7 | grep Layers
            "Layers": [

docker inspect mysql:5.7 | grep -A 30 Layers
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046",
                "sha256:731f7c21360385893ff752e1200bf901f7936f973801eb6f10dc81f249920994",
                "sha256:b2830993d63aac4a4c4c3cdea0ccae39c14d53e69d82d4a6541b35670431f244",
                "sha256:97a2a3481f0d61f26f855842ffb8170680a68659ab724042b3a000941a5a0a4e",
                "sha256:35e94dafc854af4a22dd101bc5f6b0b453c91d50ef9893228ae9b41d5fd99226",
                "sha256:2eaac5532d4479e5e821f724c854b8bc38527708ff484397b841561e21a8fc9a",
                "sha256:89638afc97cdd7709e24a927a87520751464fbb3af9b564e591f0a783b6276fc",
                "sha256:71cabb0b234c522858b8398181aac5ff1a98ec6be8ba71c4079a3cb093f6b4de",
                "sha256:b09979068448d00f4513f2bb8b5a4e3734bbbddc526ed5205fbd52f442727167",
                "sha256:67536a20af848ab1861ea5e5bf336e223a474e7c411bf21761b8b55f40bde9b9",
                "sha256:7449e60227868d770c9fd6437a85717bd6d09667e1e066190af887f687c62372"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

docker inspect -f '{{.RootFS.Layers}}' mysql:5.7 
[sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046 sha256:731f7c21360385893ff752e1200bf901f7936f973801eb6f10dc81f249920994 sha256:b2830993d63aac4a4c4c3cdea0ccae39c14d53e69d82d4a6541b35670431f244 sha256:97a2a3481f0d61f26f855842ffb8170680a68659ab724042b3a000941a5a0a4e sha256:35e94dafc854af4a22dd101bc5f6b0b453c91d50ef9893228ae9b41d5fd99226 sha256:2eaac5532d4479e5e821f724c854b8bc38527708ff484397b841561e21a8fc9a sha256:89638afc97cdd7709e24a927a87520751464fbb3af9b564e591f0a783b6276fc sha256:71cabb0b234c522858b8398181aac5ff1a98ec6be8ba71c4079a3cb093f6b4de sha256:b09979068448d00f4513f2bb8b5a4e3734bbbddc526ed5205fbd52f442727167 sha256:67536a20af848ab1861ea5e5bf336e223a474e7c411bf21761b8b55f40bde9b9 sha256:7449e60227868d770c9fd6437a85717bd6d09667e1e066190af887f687c62372]


# 格式要求
'{{.一級(jí)key值.二級(jí)key值}}'

# 容器同樣適用
docker inspect -f '{{.Config.Env}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
[PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin GOSU_VERSION=1.12 MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7 MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10]

2.2、--type

指定具體類型如：–type container 聲明查看容器的元數(shù)據(jù)

docker inspect --type container 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
[
    {
        "Id": "492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3",
        "Created": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.321391083Z",
        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "/bin/sh"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 48552,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.584406847Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
...

docker inspect --type image mysql:5.7 
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417",
        "RepoTags": [
            "mysql:5.7"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-09-03T07:25:25.419696974Z",
        "Container": "9979ac05c87381fb984ce556c94ac87ef0b0209eca50e9a0d81d28756557c2ce",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "9979ac05c873",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {}
            },
...

2.3、-s

顯示總的文件大小

docker inspect -s 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 | grep Size
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "ConsoleSize": [
        "SizeRw": 37,
        "SizeRootFs": 448212006,

docker inspect  492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 | grep Size
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "ConsoleSize": [

三、docker inspect -f 更多用法

簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，-f 的實(shí)參是個(gè) Go 模版，并在容器/鏡像的元數(shù)據(jù)上以該 Go 模版作為輸入，最終返回模版指定的數(shù)據(jù)。Go 模版是一種模板引擎，讓數(shù)據(jù)以指定的模式輸出。這個(gè)概念對(duì)于 Web 開(kāi)發(fā)者是非常熟悉的，Web 領(lǐng)域有很多模版引擎，比如 Jinga2（用于 Python 和 Flask）、Mustache、JSP 等等，看下面的簡(jiǎn)單示例:

docker inspect -f "The image's repotags is {{.RepoTags}}" mysql:5.7 
The image's repotags is [mysql:5.7]

3.1、Go 模版詳解

模版指令
{{ }} 語(yǔ)法用于處理模版指令，大括號(hào)外的任何字符都將直接輸出。

上下文
“.” 表示“當(dāng)前上下文”。大多數(shù)情況下表示了容器元數(shù)據(jù)的整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，但在某些情況下可以重新規(guī)定上下文，比如使用 with 函數(shù)：

docker inspect -f '{{.State.Pid}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
48552

docker inspect -f '{{with .State}} {{.Pid}} {{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
 48552

可以使用 $ 來(lái)獲取根上下文,只能獲取一級(jí)key值

docker inspect -f '{{$.Name}} has pid {{with .State}} {{.Pid}} {{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
/silly_antonelli has pid  48552

注意，單獨(dú)使用 “.” 本身也是可以的，將輸出未格式化的完整元數(shù)據(jù)：

3.2、數(shù)據(jù)類型

inspect 數(shù)據(jù)可以由浮點(diǎn)數(shù)、字符串和布爾組成，可以使用 Go 模版內(nèi)置函數(shù)進(jìn)行比較判斷。雖然 Go 模版支持整數(shù)，但目前 inspect 數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)值類型都是浮點(diǎn)數(shù)，而整數(shù)應(yīng)該對(duì)于大多數(shù)場(chǎng)景更方便（詳見(jiàn)該Issue）。使用字符串時(shí)可以使用雙引號(hào)。

數(shù)據(jù)中不存在的值是不可以用來(lái)比較的：

docker inspect -f '{{.ExecIDs}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
[]

docker inspect 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 | grep ExecIDs
        "ExecIDs": null,

docker inspect -f '{{eq .ExecIDs .ExecIDs}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3

Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <eq .ExecIDs .ExecIDs>: error calling eq: invalid type for comparison

3.3、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

inspect 數(shù)據(jù)使用 map 以及數(shù)組保存。Map 結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過(guò) . 的鏈?zhǔn)絹?lái)訪問(wèn) map 內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)：

docker inspect -f '{{.State.ExitCode}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
0

3.3.1、如果需要獲取的屬性名稱包含 “/”（比如下列示例數(shù)據(jù)）或者以數(shù)字開(kāi)頭，則不能直接通過(guò)級(jí)聯(lián)調(diào)用獲取信息。因?yàn)閷傩悦Q中的點(diǎn)號(hào)會(huì)被解析成級(jí)聯(lián)信息，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致返回錯(cuò)誤結(jié)果。即便使用引號(hào)將其包含也會(huì)提示語(yǔ)法格式錯(cuò)誤。此時(shí)，需要通過(guò) index 來(lái)讀取指定屬性信息。前面卷的例子可以這樣寫(xiě)：

docker inspect -f '{{.Config.Volumes./var/lib/mysql}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
Template parsing error: template: :1: bad character U+002F '/'

# 雙引號(hào)也不行
docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.Ports.3306/tcp}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
Template parsing error: template: :1: unexpected ".3306" in operand

#docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.Ports."3306/tcp"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
Template parsing error: template: :1: bad character U+0022 '"'


# 正確寫(xiě)法   ?。?！注意 index 與之后的數(shù)據(jù)之間包含空格，與之后雙引號(hào)括起來(lái)的也有空格，否則報(bào)錯(cuò)
docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Ports "3306/tcp"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
<no value>

docker inspect -f '{{index .Config.Volumes "/var/lib/mysql"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
{}

#報(bào)錯(cuò)如下
docker inspect -f '{{index.NetworkSettings.Ports "3306/tcp"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3

Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <index>: wrong number of args for index: want at least 1 got 0

3.3.2、如果返回結(jié)果是一個(gè) map, slice, array 或 string，則可以使用 index 加索引序號(hào)（從零開(kāi)始計(jì)數(shù)）來(lái)讀取屬性值

docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.ReadonlyPaths}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
[/proc/bus /proc/fs /proc/irq /proc/sys /proc/sysrq-trigger]

docker inspect -f '{{index .HostConfig.ReadonlyPaths 0}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
/proc/bus


# 另一種類型，包含多個(gè)鍵值對(duì)的獲取
想要獲取EndpointID的值：
"NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "a2f0fe86422968b0c5e1d0b7e4dd66a742dedfc8b01b56eb30649449969f4f12",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "3306/tcp": null,
                "33060/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/data/docker/exec/netns/a2f0fe864229",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "9cbe344a6886a489cd1b3d4cef5befc454d477d4c5ac59756d8bdf579739f20a",
                    "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }


docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge 4}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3

Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge 4>: error calling index: value has type int; should be string

docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge "4"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
<no value>

docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge "EndpointID"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168

3.4、函數(shù)

除了 index 函數(shù)，其他很多函數(shù)也很常用。比如邏輯函數(shù) and、or 可以返回布爾結(jié)果。注意，函數(shù)是不能放在中間：

docker inspect -f '{{true and true}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3

Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <true>: can't give argument to non-function true

docker inspect -f '{{and true true}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
true

下面是一些常用的比較函數(shù)：

eq (等于)
ne (不等于)
lt (小于)
le (小于等于)
gt (大于)
ge (大于等于)

我們可以用這些函數(shù)來(lái)比較字符串、浮點(diǎn)數(shù)或整數(shù)：

docker inspect -f '{{and true true}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
true

docker inspect -f '{{eq "abc" "abc"}}'  492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
true

docker inspect -f '{{ge 1 3}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
false

docker inspect -f '{{lt 4.5 4.6}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
true

docker inspect -f '{{ne 4.5 4.5}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
false

要注意的是操作數(shù)類型必須匹配，數(shù)字比較時(shí)也需要類型匹配：

docker inspect -f '{{ne 4 4.5}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3

Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <ne 4 4.5>: error calling ne: incompatible types for comparison

docker inspect -f '{{lt 4.5 4.6}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
true

docker inspect -f '{{gt .State.Pid 1}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
true

docker inspect -f '{{gt .State.Pid 1.0}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3

Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <gt .State.Pid 1.0>: error calling gt: incompatible types for comparison

比較特殊的是，它支持多個(gè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行與比較，此時(shí)，它會(huì)將第一個(gè)參數(shù)和其余參數(shù)依次比較，返回下式的結(jié)果：

{{if eq true .Var1 .Var2 .Var3}}{{end}}
# 效果等同于：
arg1==arg2 || arg1==arg3 || arg1==arg4

另外，可以使用 json 函數(shù)來(lái)生成 JSON 輸出：

docker inspect -f '{{json .NetworkSettings.Ports}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
{"3306/tcp":null,"33060/tcp":null}

3.5、if 語(yǔ)句

條件語(yǔ)句 if 可以和前面的比較函數(shù)一起使用：

$ docker inspect -f '{{if eq .State.ExitCode 0}} 
Normal Exit
{{else if eq .State.ExitCode 1}} 
Not a Normal Exit 
{{else}} 
Still Not a Normal Exit 
{{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
 
Normal Exit    //假設(shè)ExitCode為0時(shí)的結(jié)果

優(yōu)化顯示后為：

$ docker inspect -f '{{if eq .State.ExitCode 0}} 
Normal Exit
{{else if eq .State.ExitCode 1}} 
Not a Normal Exit 
{{else}} 
Still Not a Normal Exit 
{{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
 
Normal Exit    //假設(shè)ExitCode為0時(shí)的結(jié)果

注意，{{end}} 語(yǔ)句必須有，else if 和 else 按需使用。

3.6、range迭代數(shù)據(jù)

range 用于遍歷結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)返回值的所有數(shù)據(jù)。支持的類型包括 array, slice, map 和 channel。使用要點(diǎn)：

對(duì)應(yīng)的值長(zhǎng)度為 0 時(shí)，range 不會(huì)執(zhí)行。
結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部如要使用外部的變量，需要在前面加引用，比如Var2。
range 也支持 else 操作。效果是：當(dāng)返回值為空或長(zhǎng)度為 0 時(shí)執(zhí)行 else 內(nèi)的內(nèi)容。

docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
240390
 
docker inspect --format '{{print .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
24039 0
 
docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{println " 從這換行"}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
24039 從這換行
0
 
docker inspect --format '{{printf "Pid:%d ExitCode:%d" .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
Pid:24039 ExitCode:0
123456789101112

3.7、打印信息

docker --format 默認(rèn)調(diào)用 go語(yǔ)言的 print 函數(shù)對(duì)模板中的字符串進(jìn)行輸出。而 go語(yǔ)言還有另外幾種相似的內(nèi)置函數(shù)，對(duì)比說(shuō)明如下：

print：將傳入的對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串并寫(xiě)入到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中。如果后跟多個(gè)參數(shù)，輸出結(jié)果之間會(huì)自動(dòng)填充空格進(jìn)行分隔。
println: 功能和 print 類似，但會(huì)在結(jié)尾添加一個(gè)換行符。也可以直接使用 {{println}} 來(lái)?yè)Q行。
printf: 與 shell 等環(huán)境一致，可配合占位符用于格式化輸出。

docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
240390
 
docker inspect --format '{{print .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
24039 0
 
docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{println " 從這換行"}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
24039 從這換行
0
 
docker inspect --format '{{printf "Pid:%d ExitCode:%d" .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID
Pid:24039 ExitCode:0
123456789101112

3.8、管道

管道即 pipeline ，與 shell 中類似，可以是上下文的變量輸出，也可以是函數(shù)通過(guò)管道傳遞的返回值。

{{.Con | markdown | addlinks}}
{{.Name | printf "%s"}}

3.9、Docker內(nèi)置函數(shù)

3.9.1、 json

Docker 默認(rèn)以字符串顯示返回結(jié)果。而該函數(shù)可以將結(jié)果格式化為壓縮后的 json 格式數(shù)據(jù)。

# 獲取 Config 字段對(duì)應(yīng)的 json 數(shù)據(jù)
docker inspect --format='{{json .Config}}' $INSTANCE_ID

3.9.2、 join

用指定的字符串將返回結(jié)果連接后一起展示。操作對(duì)象必須是字符串?dāng)?shù)組

# 輸出容器配置的所有 Entrypoint 參數(shù)，以 " , " 分隔：
docker inspect --format '{{join .Config.Entrypoint " , "}}' $INSTANCE_ID

3.9.3、 lower

將返回結(jié)果中的字母全部轉(zhuǎn)換為小寫(xiě)。操作對(duì)象必須是字符串。

docker inspect --format "{{lower .Name}}" $INSTANCE_ID

3.9.4、upper

將返回結(jié)果中的字母全部轉(zhuǎn)換為大寫(xiě)。操作對(duì)象必須是字符串。

docker inspect --format "{{lower .Name}}" $INSTANCE_ID

3.9.5、 title

將返回結(jié)果的首字母轉(zhuǎn)換為大寫(xiě)。操作對(duì)象必須是字符串，而且不能是純數(shù)字。

docker inspect --format "{{title .State.Status}}" $INSTANCE_ID

3.9.6、split

使用指定分隔符將返回結(jié)果拆分為字符串列表。操作對(duì)象必須是字符串且不能是純數(shù)字。同時(shí)，字符串中必須包含相應(yīng)的分隔符，否則會(huì)直接忽略操作。

docker inspect --format '{{split .HostsPath "/"}}' $INSTANCE_ID

3.10、常用docker inspect --format 輸出示例

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                            COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
2ed603e52896        172.16.60.214:5000/nginx   "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..."   13 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           docker-test111
24e6607534f1        172.16.60.214:5000/nginx   "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..."   13 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           docker-test11
19be6b264b6e        172.16.60.214:5000/nginx   "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..."   13 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           docker-test1
  
1) 獲取容器的IP (后面使用容器名或容器ID都可以)
$ docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -q)
192.10.160.193
173.20.19.128
17.16.10.128
  
$ docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' docker-test1
17.16.10.128
  
2) 獲取容器的MAC地址
$ docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.MacAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -a -q)
ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee
ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee
ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee
  
[root@node1 ~]# docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.MacAddress}}{{end}}' docker-test1
ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee
  
3) 獲取容器Name
$ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' $(docker ps -aq)
/docker-test111
/docker-test11
/docker-test1
/calico-node
  
$ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' $(docker ps -aq)|cut -d"/" -f2
docker-test111
docker-test11
docker-test1
  
$ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' docker-test1
/docker-test1
  
$ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' docker-test1|cut -d"/" -f2
docker-test1
  
4) 獲取容器Hostname
$ docker inspect --format '{{ .Config.Hostname }}' $(docker ps -q)
2ed603e52896
24e6607534f1
19be6b264b6e
  
$ docker inspect --format '{{ .Config.Hostname }}' docker-test1
19be6b264b6e
  
5) Hostname Name IP
$ docker inspect --format 'Hostname:{{ .Config.Hostname }}  Name:{{.Name}} IP:{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -q)
Hostname:2ed603e52896  Name:/docker-test111 IP:192.10.160.193
Hostname:24e6607534f1  Name:/docker-test11 IP:173.20.19.128
Hostname:19be6b264b6e  Name:/docker-test1 IP:17.16.10.128
  
$ docker inspect --format 'Hostname:{{ .Config.Hostname }}  Name:{{.Name}} IP:{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' docker-test1
Hostname:19be6b264b6e  Name:/docker-test1 IP:17.16.10.128
  
6) 獲取容器的log path
$ docker inspect --format='{{.LogPath}}' `docker ps -a -q`
$ docker inspect --format='{{.LogPath}}' docker-test1
  
7) 獲取容器的image鏡像名稱
$ docker inspect --format='{{.Config.Image}}' `docker ps -a -q`
172.16.60.214:5000/nginx
172.16.60.214:5000/nginx
172.16.60.214:5000/nginx
quay.io/calico/node:v2.6.10
$ docker inspect --format='{{.Config.Image}}' docker-test1
172.16.60.214:5000/nginx
  
8) 獲取容器綁定的端口(port bindings)
$ docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' `docker ps -a -q`
$ docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' docker-test1
 
9) 獲取service實(shí)例的Ip
$ docker service ps my-test 
ID              NAME          IMAGE                         NODE                    DESIRED   STATE  CURRENT STATE    ERROR  PORTS
t71gqufekv2o  my-test.1  172.16.60.214:5000/nginx:latest  swarm-node2              Running    Running 16 seconds ago        
9cuq2yf10d60 my-test.2  172.16.60.214:5000/nginx:latest  swarm-manager-node  Running   Running 16 seconds ago        
srt2yo817kpv  my-test.3  172.16.60.214:5000/nginx:latest  swarm-node1               Running    Running 16 seconds ago  
 
$ docker inspect ` docker service ps my-test -q` --format '{{range .NetworksAttachments}}{{.Addresses}}{{end}}' | cut -d '[' -f2|cut -d ']' -f1
10.255.0.7/16
10.255.0.8/16
10.255.0.9/16
 
10) 獲取service示例的container ID  (獲取的是ID的全稱,一般只要取ID前面12個(gè)字符就可以了)
$ docker inspect ` docker service ps my-test -q` --format '{{ .Status.ContainerStatus.ContainerID }}'
c6c18a74a465163757fe928fec9e633223200f92d1c59e5d2d77eabfaa5ae93a
5f558bb014ea3d3eef5c8d4bd70e2e3048d7fc6725538303be960ac658d93b32
dde578bf60190a63ed5c8c4a9f5a3044566a159e8debe8717342e263c6199f26