JAVA發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求的多種方式詳細(xì)總結(jié)

更新時(shí)間：2023年01月30日 16:15:57 作者：流云一號(hào)

目前做項(xiàng)目中有一個(gè)需求是這樣的,需要通過(guò)Java發(fā)送url請(qǐng)求,查看該url是否有效,這時(shí)我們可以通過(guò)獲取狀態(tài)碼來(lái)判斷,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于JAVA發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求的多種方式總結(jié)的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下

1. HttpURLConnection

使用JDK原生提供的net，無(wú)需其他jar包，代碼如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
public class HttpTest1 {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpURLConnection con = null;
 
        BufferedReader buffer = null;
        StringBuffer resultBuffer = null;
 
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do");
            //得到連接對(duì)象
            con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求類(lèi)型
            con.setRequestMethod("POST");
            //設(shè)置Content-Type，此處根據(jù)實(shí)際情況確定
            con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            //允許寫(xiě)出
            con.setDoOutput(true);
            //允許讀入
            con.setDoInput(true);
            //不使用緩存
            con.setUseCaches(false);
            OutputStream os = con.getOutputStream();
            Map paraMap = new HashMap();
            paraMap.put("type", "wx");
            paraMap.put("mchid", "10101");
            //組裝入?yún)?
            os.write(("consumerAppId=test&serviceName=queryMerchantService&params=" + JSON.toJSONString(paraMap)).getBytes());
            //得到響應(yīng)碼
            int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                //得到響應(yīng)流
                InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
                //將響應(yīng)流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串
                resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
                String line;
                buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "GBK"));
                while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
                    resultBuffer.append(line);
                }
                System.out.println("result:" + resultBuffer.toString());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. HttpClient

需要用到commons-httpclient-3.1.jar，maven依賴(lài)如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>3.1</version>
</dependency>

代碼如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
public class HttpTest2 {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod("http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do");
 
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
        //設(shè)置Content-Type，此處根據(jù)實(shí)際情況確定
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        //必須設(shè)置下面這個(gè)Header
        //添加請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
        Map paraMap = new HashMap();
        paraMap.put("type", "wx");
        paraMap.put("mchid", "10101");
        postMethod.addParameter("consumerAppId", "test");
        postMethod.addParameter("serviceName", "queryMerchantService");
        postMethod.addParameter("params", JSON.toJSONString(paraMap));
        String result = "";
        try {
            int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
            if (code == 200){
                result = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
                System.out.println("result:" + result);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. CloseableHttpClient

需要用到httpclient-4.5.6.jar，maven依賴(lài)如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.6</version>
</dependency>

代碼如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
public class HttpTest3 {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int timeout = 120000;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeout)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout).setSocketTimeout(timeout).build();
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        List<NameValuePair> nvps = null;
        CloseableHttpResponse responses = null;// 命名沖突，換一個(gè)名字，response
        HttpEntity resEntity = null;
        String result;
        try {
            httpPost = new HttpPost("http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do");
            httpPost.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);
 
            Map paraMap = new HashMap();
            paraMap.put("type", "wx");
            paraMap.put("mchid", "10101");
            nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("consumerAppId", "test"));
            nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("serviceName", "queryMerchantService"));
            nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("params", JSON.toJSONString(paraMap)));
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));
 
            responses = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            resEntity = responses.getEntity();
            result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, Consts.UTF_8);
            EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
            System.out.println("result:" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                responses.close();
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

4. okhttp

需要用到okhttp-3.10.0.jar，maven依賴(lài)如下：

<dependency>
	<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
	<artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
	<version>3.10.0</version>
</dependency>

代碼如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import okhttp3.*;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
public class HttpTest4 {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String url = "http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do";
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Map paraMap = new HashMap();
        paraMap.put("yybh", "1231231");
 
        RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                .addFormDataPart("consumerAppId", "tst")
                .addFormDataPart("serviceName", "queryCipher")
                .addFormDataPart("params", JSON.toJSONString(paraMap))
                .build();
 
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(requestBody)
                .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
                .build();
        Response response = client
                .newCall(request)
                .execute();
        if (response.isSuccessful()) {
            System.out.println("result:" + response.body().string());
        } else {
            throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
        }
    }
}

5. Socket

使用JDK原生提供的net，無(wú)需其他jar包

此處參考：https://www.cnblogs.com/hehongtao/p/5276425.html

代碼如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
public class HttpTest6 {
 
    private static String encoding = "utf-8";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Map paraMap = new HashMap();
            paraMap.put("yybh", "12312311");
            String data = URLEncoder.encode("consumerAppId", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("test", "utf-8") + "&" +
                    URLEncoder.encode("serviceName", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("queryCipher", "utf-8")
                    + "&" +
                    URLEncoder.encode("params", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(JSON.toJSONString(paraMap), "utf-8");
            Socket s = new Socket("10.30.10.151", 8012);
            OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream());
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            sb.append("POST /gateway.do HTTP/1.1\r\n");
            sb.append("Host: 10.30.10.151:8012\r\n");
            sb.append("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");
            sb.append("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
            //注，這里很關(guān)鍵。這里一定要一個(gè)回車(chē)換行，表示消息頭完，不然服務(wù)器會(huì)等待
            sb.append("\r\n");
            osw.write(sb.toString());
            osw.write(data);
            osw.write("\r\n");
            osw.flush();
 
            //--輸出服務(wù)器傳回的消息的頭信息
            InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
            String line = null;
            int contentLength = 0;//服務(wù)器發(fā)送回來(lái)的消息長(zhǎng)度
            // 讀取所有服務(wù)器發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)頭部信息
            do {
                line = readLine(is, 0);
                //如果有Content-Length消息頭時(shí)取出
                if (line.startsWith("Content-Length")) {
                    contentLength = Integer.parseInt(line.split(":")[1].trim());
                }
                //打印請(qǐng)求部信息
                System.out.print(line);
                //如果遇到了一個(gè)單獨(dú)的回車(chē)換行，則表示請(qǐng)求頭結(jié)束
            } while (!line.equals("\r\n"));
 
            //--輸消息的體
            System.out.print(readLine(is, contentLength));
 
            //關(guān)閉流
            is.close();
 
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * 這里我們自己模擬讀取一行，因?yàn)槿绻褂肁PI中的BufferedReader時(shí)，它是讀取到一個(gè)回車(chē)換行后
     * 才返回，否則如果沒(méi)有讀取，則一直阻塞，直接服務(wù)器超時(shí)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉為止，如果此時(shí)還使用BufferedReader
     * 來(lái)讀時(shí)，因?yàn)樽x到最后一行時(shí)，最后一行后不會(huì)有回車(chē)換行符，所以就會(huì)等待。如果使用服務(wù)器發(fā)送回來(lái)的
     * 消息頭里的Content-Length來(lái)截取消息體，這樣就不會(huì)阻塞
     *
     * contentLe 參數(shù) 如果為0時(shí)，表示讀頭，讀時(shí)我們還是一行一行的返回；如果不為0，表示讀消息體，
     * 時(shí)我們根據(jù)消息體的長(zhǎng)度來(lái)讀完消息體后，客戶(hù)端自動(dòng)關(guān)閉流，這樣不用先到服務(wù)器超時(shí)來(lái)關(guān)閉。
     */
    private static String readLine(InputStream is, int contentLe) throws IOException {
        ArrayList lineByteList = new ArrayList();
        byte readByte;
        int total = 0;
        if (contentLe != 0) {
            do {
                readByte = (byte) is.read();
                lineByteList.add(Byte.valueOf(readByte));
                total++;
            } while (total < contentLe);//消息體讀還未讀完
        } else {
            do {
                readByte = (byte) is.read();
                lineByteList.add(Byte.valueOf(readByte));
            } while (readByte != 10);
        }
 
        byte[] tmpByteArr = new byte[lineByteList.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < lineByteList.size(); i++) {
            tmpByteArr[i] = ((Byte) lineByteList.get(i)).byteValue();
        }
        lineByteList.clear();
 
        return new String(tmpByteArr, encoding);
    }
}

6. RestTemplate

RestTemplate 是由Spring提供的一個(gè)HTTP請(qǐng)求工具。比傳統(tǒng)的Apache和HttpCLient便捷許多，能夠大大提高客戶(hù)端的編寫(xiě)效率。代碼如下：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
 
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
        return new RestTemplate(factory);
    }
 
    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
        return factory;
    }
}
 
 
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
@Test
public void postTest() throws Exception {
    MultiValueMap<String, String> requestEntity = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
    Map paraMap = new HashMap();
    paraMap.put("type", "wx");
    paraMap.put("mchid", "10101");
    requestEntity.add("consumerAppId", "test");
    requestEntity.add("serviceName", "queryMerchant");
    requestEntity.add("params", JSON.toJSONString(paraMap));
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    System.out.println(restTemplate.postForObject("http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do",         requestEntity, String.class));
}