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ElasticSearch查詢文檔基本操作實例

 更新時間：2023年02月02日 16:11:29   作者：程序員皮卡秋  
這篇文章主要為大家介紹了ElasticSearch查詢文檔基本操作實例詳解，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進步，早日升職加薪

查詢文檔 & 基本操作

為了方便學習, 本節(jié)中所有示例沿用上節(jié)的索引

按照ID單個

GET class_1/_doc/1

查詢結果:

{
  "_index" : "class_1",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 4,
  "_seq_no" : 4,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "l",
    "num" : 6
  }
}

按照ID批量

GET class_1/_mget
{
"ids":[1,2,3]
}

返回:

{
  "docs" : [
    {
      "_index" : "class_1",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "1",
      "_version" : 4,
      "_seq_no" : 4,
      "_primary_term" : 3,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "name" : "l",
        "num" : 6
      }
    },
    {
      "_index" : "class_1",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "2",
      "found" : false
    },
    {
      "_index" : "class_1",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "3",
      "_version" : 3,
      "_seq_no" : 10,
      "_primary_term" : 4,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "num" : 9,
        "name" : "e",
        "age" : 9,
        "desc" : [
          "hhhh"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

查詢文檔是否存在 & 通過id判斷

HEAD class_1/_doc/1

返回:

200 - OK

HEAD class_1/_doc/1000

返回:

404 - Not Found

查詢部分字段內容

GET class_1/_doc/1?_source_includes=name

返回:

{
  "_index" : "class_1",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 4,
  "_seq_no" : 4,
  "_primary_term" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "l"
  }
}

可以看到只返回了name字段, 以上是一個基本的操作，下面給大家講下條件查詢~

查詢文檔 & 條件查詢

查詢的復雜度取決于它附加的條件約束，跟我們寫sql一樣。下面就帶大家一步一步看一下ES中如何進行條件查詢~

不附加任何條件

GET class_1/_search

返回:

{
  "took" : 15,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 8,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "h2Fg-4UBECmbBdQA6VLg",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "b",
          "num" : 6
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "iGFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJe",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "g",
          "age" : 8
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "iWFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "h",
          "age" : 9
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "imFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "i",
          "age" : 10
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "num" : 9,
          "name" : "e",
          "age" : 9,
          "desc" : [
            "hhhh"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "f",
          "age" : 10,
          "num" : 10
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "RWlfBIUBDuA8yW5cu9wu",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "一年級",
          "num" : 20
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "l",
          "num" : 6
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

可以看到索引class_1中的所有數(shù)據(jù)都是上節(jié)添加的。這里提一下，我們也可以添加多個索引一起查，然后返回,用,逗號隔開就可以了

GET class_1,class_2,class_3/_search

{
  "took" : 7,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 9,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "h2Fg-4UBECmbBdQA6VLg",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "b",
          "num" : 6
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_2",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "RWlfBIUBDuA8yW5cu9wu",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "一年級",
          "num" : 20
        }
      },
      ....
    ]
  }
}

可以看到返回了索引class_2中的數(shù)據(jù)，并且合并到了一起。

相關字段解釋

有的小伙伴可能對返回的字段有點陌生，這里給大家統(tǒng)一解釋一下：

{
    "took":"查詢操作耗時，單位毫秒",
    "timed_out":"是否超時",
    "_shards":{
        "total":"分片總數(shù)",
        "successful":"執(zhí)行成功分片數(shù)",
        "skipped":"執(zhí)行忽略分片數(shù)",
        "failed":"執(zhí)行失敗分片數(shù)"
    },
    "hits":{
        "total":{
            "value":"條件查詢命中數(shù)",
            "relation":"計數(shù)規(guī)則(eq計數(shù)準確/gte計數(shù)不準確)"
        },
        "max_score":"最大匹配度分值",
        "hits":[
            {
                "_index":"命中結果索引",
                "_id":"命中結果ID",
                "_score":"命中結果分數(shù)",
                "_source":"命中結果原文檔信息"
            }
        ]
    }
}

下面我們看下帶條件的查詢~

基礎分頁查詢

基本語法: es中通過參數(shù)size和from來進行基礎分頁的控制

  • from：指定跳過多少條數(shù)據(jù)
  • size：指定返回多少條數(shù)據(jù)

下面看下示例：

url參數(shù)

GET class_1/_search?from=2&size=2

返回:

{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 8,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "iWFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "h",
          "age" : 9
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "imFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "i",
          "age" : 10
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

body 參數(shù)

GET class_1/_search
{
    "from" : 2,
    "size" : 2
}

返回結果和上面是一樣的~

單字段全文索引查詢

這個大家應該不陌生，前面幾節(jié)都見過。使用query.match進行查詢,match適用與對單個字段基于全文索引進行數(shù)據(jù)檢索。對于全文字段，match使用特定的分詞進行全文檢索。而對于那些精確值，match同樣可以進行精確匹配,match查詢短語時，會對短語進行分詞，再針對每個詞條進行全文檢索。

GET class_1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name":"i"
    }
  }
}

返回:

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.3862942,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "imFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
        "_score" : 1.3862942,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "i",
          "age" : 10
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

單字段不分詞查詢

使用query.match_phrase進行查詢, 它與match的區(qū)別就是不進行分詞,干說，可能有點抽象，下面我們通過一個例子給大家分清楚:

先造點數(shù)據(jù)進去：

PUT class_1/_bulk
{ "create":{  } }
{"name":"I eat apple so haochi1~","num": 1}
{ "create":{  } }
{ "name":"I eat apple so zhen haochi2~","num": 1}
{ "create":{  } }
{"name":"I eat apple so haochi3~","num": 1}

假設有這么幾個句子，現(xiàn)在我有一個需求我要把I eat apple so zhen haochi2~這句話匹配出來

match分詞結果

GET class_1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "apple so zhen"
    }
  }
}

返回：

{
  "took" : 15,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 2.2169428,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 2.2169428,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "b8fcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 1.505254,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so haochi1~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "ccfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 1.505254,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so haochi3~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

從結果來看，剛剛的幾句話都被查出來了，但是結果并大符合預期。從score來看，"_score" : 2.2169428得分最高，排在了第一，語句是I eat apple so zhen haochi2~,說明匹配度最高，這個句子正是我們想要的結果~

match_phrase 不分詞查詢結果

GET class_1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "name": "apple so zhen"
    }
  }
}

結果:

{
  "took" : 6,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 2.2169428,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 2.2169428,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

結果符合預期，只返回了我們想要的那句。那么match為什么都返回了，這就是前面講到的分詞,首先會對name: apple so zhen進行分詞,也就是說存在apple的都會被返回。

當然，真正業(yè)務中的需求比這個復雜多了，這里只是為了給大家做區(qū)分~ 下面接著看~

多字段全文索引查詢

相當于對多個字段執(zhí)行了match查詢, 這里需要注意的是query的類型要和字段類型一致，不然會報類型異常

GET class_1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "apple",
      "fields": ["name","desc"]
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.752627,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "b8fcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 0.752627,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so haochi1~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "ccfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 0.752627,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so haochi3~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 0.7389809,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

范圍查詢

使用range來進行范圍查詢，適用于數(shù)組，時間等字段

GET class_1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "num": {
        "gt": 5,
        "lt": 10
      }
    }
  }
}

返回:

{
  "took" : 6,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "h2Fg-4UBECmbBdQA6VLg",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "b",
          "num" : 6
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "num" : 9,
          "name" : "e",
          "age" : 9,
          "desc" : [
            "hhhh"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "l",
          "num" : 6
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

單字段精確查詢

使用term進行非分詞字段的精確查詢。需要注意的是，對于那些分詞的字段，即使查詢的value是一個完全匹配的短語，也無法完成查詢

GET class_1/_search
{
 "query": {
   "term": {
     "num": {
       "value": "9"
     }
   }
 }
}

返回:

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "num" : 9,
          "name" : "e",
          "age" : 9,
          "desc" : [
            "hhhh"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

字段精確查詢 & 多值

與term一樣, 區(qū)別在于可以匹配一個字段的多個值，滿足一個即檢索成功

GET class_1/_search
{
 "query": {
   "terms": {
     "num": [
      9,
      1
     ]
   }
 }
}

返回:

{
  "took" : 8,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 4,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "num" : 9,
          "name" : "e",
          "age" : 9,
          "desc" : [
            "hhhh"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "b8fcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so haochi1~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "ccfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so haochi3~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
          "num" : 1
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

文檔包含字段查詢

為了確定當前索引有哪些文檔包含了對應的字段，es中使用exists來實現(xiàn)

GET class_1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists": {
      "field": "desc"
    }
  }
}

返回:

{
  "took" : 8,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "class_1",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "num" : 9,
          "name" : "e",
          "age" : 9,
          "desc" : [
            "hhhh"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

結束語

本節(jié)主要講了ES中的文檔查詢API操作，該部分內容較多, 下節(jié)繼續(xù)給大家講，就先消化這么多~API大家都不要去背，多敲幾遍就記住了，關鍵是多用，多總結 。

以上就是ElasticSearch查詢文檔基本操作實例的詳細內容，更多關于ElasticSearch查詢文檔的資料請關注腳本之家其它相關文章！

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