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java中優(yōu)化大量if...else...方法總結(jié)

更新時(shí)間：2023年03月18日 10:26:23 作者：提筆忘字的帝國(guó)

在我們平時(shí)的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量If else的場(chǎng)景,代碼顯的很臃腫,非常不優(yōu)雅,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于java中優(yōu)化大量if...else...方法的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下

策略模式（Strategy Pattern）

將每個(gè)條件分支的實(shí)現(xiàn)作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的策略類，然后使用一個(gè)上下文對(duì)象來(lái)選擇要執(zhí)行的策略。這種方法可以將大量的if else語(yǔ)句轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)象之間的交互，從而提高代碼的可維護(hù)性和可擴(kuò)展性。

示例：

首先，我們定義一個(gè)接口來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)所有策略的行為：

public interface PaymentStrategy {
    void pay(double amount);
}

接下來(lái)，我們定義具體的策略類來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的支付方式：

public class CreditCardPaymentStrategy implements PaymentStrategy {
    private String name;
    private String cardNumber;
    private String cvv;
    private String dateOfExpiry;
 
    public CreditCardPaymentStrategy(String name, String cardNumber, String cvv, String dateOfExpiry) {
        this.name = name;
        this.cardNumber = cardNumber;
        this.cvv = cvv;
        this.dateOfExpiry = dateOfExpiry;
    }
 
    public void pay(double amount) {
        System.out.println(amount + " paid with credit card");
    }
}
 
public class PayPalPaymentStrategy implements PaymentStrategy {
    private String emailId;
    private String password;
 
    public PayPalPaymentStrategy(String emailId, String password) {
        this.emailId = emailId;
        this.password = password;
    }
 
    public void pay(double amount) {
        System.out.println(amount + " paid using PayPal");
    }
}
 
public class CashPaymentStrategy implements PaymentStrategy {
    public void pay(double amount) {
        System.out.println(amount + " paid in cash");
    }
}

現(xiàn)在，我們可以在客戶端代碼中創(chuàng)建不同的策略對(duì)象，并將它們傳遞給一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的支付類中，這個(gè)支付類會(huì)根據(jù)傳入的策略對(duì)象來(lái)調(diào)用相應(yīng)的支付方法：

public class ShoppingCart {
    private List<Item> items;
 
    public ShoppingCart() {
        this.items = new ArrayList<>();
    }
 
    public void addItem(Item item) {
        this.items.add(item);
    }
 
    public void removeItem(Item item) {
        this.items.remove(item);
    }
 
    public double calculateTotal() {
        double sum = 0;
        for (Item item : items) {
            sum += item.getPrice();
        }
        return sum;
    }
 
    public void pay(PaymentStrategy paymentStrategy) {
        double amount = calculateTotal();
        paymentStrategy.pay(amount);
    }
}

現(xiàn)在我們可以使用上述代碼來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)購(gòu)物車，向其中添加一些商品，然后使用不同的策略來(lái)支付：

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ShoppingCart cart = new ShoppingCart();
 
        Item item1 = new Item("1234", 10);
        Item item2 = new Item("5678", 40);
 
        cart.addItem(item1);
        cart.addItem(item2);
 
        // pay by credit card
        cart.pay(new CreditCardPaymentStrategy("John Doe", "1234567890123456", "786", "12/22"));
 
        // pay by PayPal
        cart.pay(new PayPalPaymentStrategy("myemail@example.com", "mypassword"));
 
        // pay in cash
        cart.pay(new CashPaymentStrategy());
 
        //--------------------------或者提前將不同的策略對(duì)象放入map當(dāng)中,如下
 
        Map<String, PaymentStrategy> paymentStrategies = new HashMap<>();
 
        paymentStrategies.put("creditcard", new CreditCardPaymentStrategy("John Doe", "1234567890123456", "786", "12/22"));
        paymentStrategies.put("paypal", new PayPalPaymentStrategy("myemail@example.com", "mypassword"));
        paymentStrategies.put("cash", new CashPaymentStrategy());
 
        String paymentMethod = "creditcard"; // 用戶選擇的支付方式
        PaymentStrategy paymentStrategy = paymentStrategies.get(paymentMethod);
 
        cart.pay(paymentStrategy);
 
    }
}

工廠模式（Factory Pattern）

將每個(gè)條件分支的實(shí)現(xiàn)作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的產(chǎn)品類，然后使用一個(gè)工廠類來(lái)創(chuàng)建具體的產(chǎn)品對(duì)象。這種方法可以將大量的if else語(yǔ)句轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建過(guò)程，從而提高代碼的可讀性和可維護(hù)性。

示例：

// 定義一個(gè)接口
public interface StringProcessor {
    public void processString(String str);
}
 
// 實(shí)現(xiàn)接口的具體類
public class LowercaseStringProcessor implements StringProcessor {
    public void processString(String str) {
        System.out.println(str.toLowerCase());
    }
}
 
public class UppercaseStringProcessor implements StringProcessor {
    public void processString(String str) {
        System.out.println(str.toUpperCase());
    }
}
 
public class ReverseStringProcessor implements StringProcessor {
    public void processString(String str) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);
        System.out.println(sb.reverse().toString());
    }
}
 
// 工廠類
public class StringProcessorFactory {
    public static StringProcessor createStringProcessor(String type) {
        if (type.equals("lowercase")) {
            return new LowercaseStringProcessor();
        } else if (type.equals("uppercase")) {
            return new UppercaseStringProcessor();
        } else if (type.equals("reverse")) {
            return new ReverseStringProcessor();
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid type: " + type);
    }
}
 
// 測(cè)試代碼
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringProcessor sp1 = StringProcessorFactory.createStringProcessor("lowercase");
        sp1.processString("Hello World");
        
        StringProcessor sp2 = StringProcessorFactory.createStringProcessor("uppercase");
        sp2.processString("Hello World");
        
        StringProcessor sp3 = StringProcessorFactory.createStringProcessor("reverse");
        sp3.processString("Hello World");
    }
}

看起來(lái)還是有if...else,但這樣的代碼更加簡(jiǎn)潔易懂,后期也便于維護(hù)....

映射表（Map）

使用一個(gè)映射表來(lái)將條件分支的實(shí)現(xiàn)映射到對(duì)應(yīng)的函數(shù)或方法上。這種方法可以減少代碼中的if else語(yǔ)句，并且可以動(dòng)態(tài)地更新映射表，從而提高代碼的靈活性和可維護(hù)性。

示例：

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Function;
 
public class MappingTableExample {
    private Map<String, Function<Integer, Integer>> functionMap;
 
    public MappingTableExample() {
        functionMap = new HashMap<>();
        functionMap.put("add", x -> x + 1);
        functionMap.put("sub", x -> x - 1);
        functionMap.put("mul", x -> x * 2);
        functionMap.put("div", x -> x / 2);
    }
 
    public int calculate(String operation, int input) {
        if (functionMap.containsKey(operation)) {
            return functionMap.get(operation).apply(input);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid operation: " + operation);
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MappingTableExample example = new MappingTableExample();
        System.out.println(example.calculate("add", 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate("sub", 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate("mul", 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate("div", 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate("mod", 10)); // 拋出異常
    }
}

數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)（Data-Driven Design）

將條件分支的實(shí)現(xiàn)和輸入數(shù)據(jù)一起存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)中，然后使用一個(gè)通用的函數(shù)或方法來(lái)處理這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。這種方法可以將大量的if else語(yǔ)句轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的處理過(guò)程，從而提高代碼的可擴(kuò)展性和可維護(hù)性。

示例：

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Function;
 
public class DataDrivenDesignExample {
    private List<Function<Integer, Integer>> functionList;
 
    public DataDrivenDesignExample() {
        functionList = new ArrayList<>();
        functionList.add(x -> x + 1);
        functionList.add(x -> x - 1);
        functionList.add(x -> x * 2);
        functionList.add(x -> x / 2);
    }
 
    public int calculate(int operationIndex, int input) {
        if (operationIndex < 0 || operationIndex >= functionList.size()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid operation index: " + operationIndex);
        }
        return functionList.get(operationIndex).apply(input);
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DataDrivenDesignExample example = new DataDrivenDesignExample();
        System.out.println(example.calculate(0, 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate(1, 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate(2, 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate(3, 10));
        System.out.println(example.calculate(4, 10)); // 拋出異常
    }
}