Spring整合消息隊(duì)列RabbitMQ流程

更新時(shí)間：2023年03月20日 10:47:41 作者：小乞丐程序員

Spring整合RabbitMQ很容易，但是整合的目的是為了使用，那要使用RabbitMQ就要對(duì)其有一定的了解，不然容易整成一團(tuán)漿糊。因?yàn)檎f(shuō)到底，Spring只是在封裝RabbitMQ的API，讓其更容易使用而已，廢話不多說(shuō)，讓我們一起整它

搭建生產(chǎn)者工程

創(chuàng)建工程

添加依賴

修改pom.xml文件內(nèi)容為如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-producer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

配置整合

創(chuàng)建spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\main\resources\properties\rabbitmq.properties連接參數(shù)等配置文件；

rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml 整合配置文件；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加載配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>
    <!-- 定義rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
    <!--定義管理交換機(jī)、隊(duì)列-->
    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
    <!--定義持久化隊(duì)列，不存在則自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建；不綁定到交換機(jī)則綁定到默認(rèn)交換機(jī)
    默認(rèn)交換機(jī)類型為direct，名字為：""，路由鍵為隊(duì)列的名稱
    id:bean的名稱
    name : queue的名稱
    auto-declare 自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建
    auto-delete 自動(dòng)刪除，最后一個(gè)消費(fèi)者和該隊(duì)列斷開(kāi)連接后自動(dòng)刪除
    duable 是否持久化
    -->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~廣播；所有隊(duì)列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定義廣播交換機(jī)中的持久化隊(duì)列，不存在則自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定義廣播交換機(jī)中的持久化隊(duì)列，不存在則自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定義廣播類型交換機(jī)；并綁定上述兩個(gè)隊(duì)列-->
    <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:fanout-exchange>
	<!--<rabbit:direct-exchange name=“aa”">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1 key="xx"/>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:direct-exchange>-->
    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一個(gè)單詞，#匹配多個(gè)單詞 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定義廣播交換機(jī)中的持久化隊(duì)列，不存在則自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定義廣播交換機(jī)中的持久化隊(duì)列，不存在則自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定義廣播交換機(jī)中的持久化隊(duì)列，不存在則自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/>
    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>
    <!--定義rabbitTemplate對(duì)象操作可以在代碼中方便發(fā)送消息-->
    <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
</beans>

發(fā)送消息

創(chuàng)建測(cè)試文件 spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\test\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\ProducerTest.java

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/spring-rabbitmq.xml")
public class ProducerTest {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    /**
     * 只發(fā)隊(duì)列消息
     * 默認(rèn)交換機(jī)類型為 direct
     * 交換機(jī)的名稱為空，路由鍵為隊(duì)列的名稱
     */
    @Test
    public void queueTest(){
        //路由鍵與隊(duì)列同名
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue", "只發(fā)隊(duì)列spring_queue的消息。");
    }
    /**
     * 發(fā)送廣播
     * 交換機(jī)類型為 fanout
     * 綁定到該交換機(jī)的所有隊(duì)列都能夠收到消息
     */
    @Test
    public void fanoutTest(){
        /**
         * 參數(shù)1：交換機(jī)名稱
         * 參數(shù)2：路由鍵名（廣播設(shè)置為空）
         * 參數(shù)3：發(fā)送的消息內(nèi)容
         */
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange", "", "發(fā)送到spring_fanout_exchange交換機(jī)的廣播消息");
    }
    /**
     * 通配符
     * 交換機(jī)類型為 topic
     * 匹配路由鍵的通配符，*表示一個(gè)單詞，#表示多個(gè)單詞
     * 綁定到該交換機(jī)的匹配隊(duì)列能夠收到對(duì)應(yīng)消息
     */
    @Test
    public void topicTest(){
        /**
         * 參數(shù)1：交換機(jī)名稱
         * 參數(shù)2：路由鍵名
         * 參數(shù)3：發(fā)送的消息內(nèi)容
         */
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj", "發(fā)送到spring_topic_exchange交換機(jī)heima.bj的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.1", "發(fā)送到spring_topic_exchange交換機(jī)heima.bj.1的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.2", "發(fā)送到spring_topic_exchange交換機(jī)heima.bj.2的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "itcast.cn", "發(fā)送到spring_topic_exchange交換機(jī)itcast.cn的消息");
    }
}

搭建消費(fèi)者工程

創(chuàng)建工程

添加依賴

修改pom.xml文件內(nèi)容為如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

配置整合

創(chuàng)建spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\resources\properties\rabbitmq.properties連接參數(shù)等配置文件；

rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml 整合配置文件；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加載配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>
    <!-- 定義rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
    <bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/>
    <bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/>
    <bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/>
    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
    </rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>

消息監(jiān)聽(tīng)器

1）隊(duì)列監(jiān)聽(tīng)器

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\SpringQueueListener.java

public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("接收路由名稱為：%s，路由鍵為：%s，隊(duì)列名為：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2）廣播監(jiān)聽(tīng)器1

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener1.java

public class FanoutListener1 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("廣播監(jiān)聽(tīng)器1：接收路由名稱為：%s，路由鍵為：%s，隊(duì)列名為：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3）廣播監(jiān)聽(tīng)器2

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener2.java

public class FanoutListener2 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("廣播監(jiān)聽(tīng)器2：接收路由名稱為：%s，路由鍵為：%s，隊(duì)列名為：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4）星號(hào)通配符監(jiān)聽(tīng)器

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerStar.java

public class TopicListenerStar implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("通配符*監(jiān)聽(tīng)器：接收路由名稱為：%s，路由鍵為：%s，隊(duì)列名為：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

5）井號(hào)通配符監(jiān)聽(tīng)器

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell.java

public class TopicListenerWell implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("通配符#監(jiān)聽(tīng)器：接收路由名稱為：%s，路由鍵為：%s，隊(duì)列名為：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

6）井號(hào)通配符監(jiān)聽(tīng)器2

創(chuàng)建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell2.java

public class TopicListenerWell2 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
            System.out.printf("通配符#監(jiān)聽(tīng)器2：接收路由名稱為：%s，路由鍵為：%s，隊(duì)列名為：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

到此這篇關(guān)于Spring整合消息隊(duì)列RabbitMQ流程的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Spring整合RabbitMQ內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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