HDFS?Balancer負(fù)載均衡器及語法詳解
1、背景
當(dāng)我們的hadoop集群運(yùn)行了一段時(shí)間之后,各個(gè)DataNode
上的數(shù)據(jù)分布
并不一定
是均勻分布
的。比如說: 我們向現(xiàn)有集群中添加了一個(gè)新的DataNode。
2、什么是平衡
此處是我自己的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的理解
所謂的平衡指的是 每個(gè)DataNode的利用率
與 集群的利用率
之間相差不超過給定的閾值百分比。此處的平衡 指的是各個(gè)DataNode之間的平衡,同一個(gè)DataNode之間的各個(gè)磁盤是不會(huì)平衡的。
2.1 每個(gè)DataNode的利用率計(jì)算
DataNode的利用率=
dfs已用的空間 / 分配給dfs的空間。
注意: 分配給dfs的空間
不是磁盤的總空間。
2.2 集群的利用率
集群的利用率=
各datanode dfs已使用的空間 / 各datanode總空間
2.3 平衡
假設(shè)平衡的閾值
是 5%,集群的利用率是 37.5
,那么每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的利用率在32.5%
到42.5%
之間都認(rèn)為是均衡的。也就是說,極端情況下,DataNode的利用率最大相差10%
。
3、hdfs balancer語法
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ hdfs balancer --help Usage: hdfs balancer [-policy <policy>] the balancing policy: datanode or blockpool [-threshold <threshold>] Percentage of disk capacity [-exclude [-f <hosts-file> | <comma-separated list of hosts>]] Excludes the specified datanodes. [-include [-f <hosts-file> | <comma-separated list of hosts>]] Includes only the specified datanodes. [-source [-f <hosts-file> | <comma-separated list of hosts>]] Pick only the specified datanodes as source nodes. [-blockpools <comma-separated list of blockpool ids>] The balancer will only run on blockpools included in this list. [-idleiterations <idleiterations>] Number of consecutive idle iterations (-1 for Infinite) before exit. [-runDuringUpgrade] Whether to run the balancer during an ongoing HDFS upgrade.This is usually not desired since it will not affect used space on over-utilized machines. [-asService] Run as a long running service. Generic options supported are: -conf <configuration file> specify an application configuration file -D <property=value> define a value for a given property -fs <file:///|hdfs://namenode:port> specify default filesystem URL to use, overrides 'fs.defaultFS' property from configurations. -jt <local|resourcemanager:port> specify a ResourceManager -files <file1,...> specify a comma-separated list of files to be copied to the map reduce cluster -libjars <jar1,...> specify a comma-separated list of jar files to be included in the classpath -archives <archive1,...> specify a comma-separated list of archives to be unarchived on the compute machines The general command line syntax is: command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]
參數(shù) | 描述 |
---|---|
threshold | 磁盤容量的百分比。默認(rèn)值為10%,表示上下浮動(dòng)10%。 |
policy | 平衡策略。 datanode(默認(rèn)):當(dāng)每一個(gè)DataNode是平衡的時(shí)候,集群就是平衡的。 blockpool:當(dāng)每一個(gè)DataNode中的blockpool是平衡的,集群就是平衡的。 |
exclude | 不參與平衡的DataNode節(jié)點(diǎn) |
include | 參與平衡的DataNode節(jié)點(diǎn) |
source | 僅選取指定的數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)作為源節(jié)點(diǎn) |
blockpools | Balancer僅在指定的blockpools中運(yùn)行 |
idleiterations | 退出前的連續(xù)空閑迭代次數(shù)(-1表示無限) |
-runDuringUpgrade | 是否在正在進(jìn)行的HDFS升級(jí)過程中運(yùn)行平衡器。通常不需要這樣做,因?yàn)檫@不會(huì)影響過度使用的計(jì)算機(jī)上的已用空間。 |
-asService | 作為長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行的服務(wù)運(yùn)行 |
4、運(yùn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的balance案例
4.1 設(shè)置平衡數(shù)據(jù)傳輸帶寬
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ hdfs dfsadmin -setBalancerBandwidth 10485760 Balancer bandwidth is set to 10485760 [hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$
當(dāng)我們的集群負(fù)載需要調(diào)低這個(gè)值,當(dāng)我們的集群負(fù)載較低時(shí),可以適當(dāng)調(diào)高這個(gè)值。
4.2 執(zhí)行banalce
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ hdfs balancer -policy datanode -threshold 5 2023-03-26 14:10:09,785 INFO balancer.Balancer: Using a threshold of 5.0 2023-03-26 14:10:09,786 INFO balancer.Balancer: namenodes = [hdfs://hadoop01:8020] 2023-03-26 14:10:09,786 INFO balancer.Balancer: parameters = Balancer.BalancerParameters [BalancingPolicy.Node, threshold = 5.0, max idle iteration = 5, #excluded nodes = 0, #included nodes = 0, #source nodes = 0, #blockpools = 0, run during upgrade = false] 2023-03-26 14:10:09,786 INFO balancer.Balancer: included nodes = [] 2023-03-26 14:10:09,786 INFO balancer.Balancer: excluded nodes = [] 2023-03-26 14:10:09,786 INFO balancer.Balancer: source nodes = [] Time Stamp Iteration# Bytes Already Moved Bytes Left To Move Bytes Being Moved NameNode 2023-03-26 14:10:09,787 INFO balancer.NameNodeConnector: getBlocks calls for hdfs://hadoop01:8020 will be rate-limited to 20 per second 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.namenode.get-blocks.max-qps = 20 (default=20) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.balancer.movedWinWidth = 5400000 (default=5400000) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.balancer.moverThreads = 1000 (default=1000) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.balancer.dispatcherThreads = 200 (default=200) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.balancer.getBlocks.size = 2147483648 (default=2147483648) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.balancer.getBlocks.min-block-size = 10485760 (default=10485760) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.datanode.balance.max.concurrent.moves = 100 (default=100) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,392 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.datanode.balance.bandwidthPerSec = 104857600 (default=104857600) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,395 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.balancer.max-size-to-move = 10737418240 (default=10737418240) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,395 INFO balancer.Balancer: dfs.blocksize = 134217728 (default=134217728) 2023-03-26 14:10:10,401 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/192.168.121.141:9866 2023-03-26 14:10:10,401 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/192.168.121.140:9866 2023-03-26 14:10:10,401 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/192.168.121.142:9866 2023-03-26 14:10:10,402 INFO balancer.Balancer: 0 over-utilized: [] 2023-03-26 14:10:10,402 INFO balancer.Balancer: 0 underutilized: [] 2023-3-26 14:10:10 0 0 B 0 B 0 B 0 hdfs://hadoop01:8020 The cluster is balanced. Exiting... 2023-3-26 14:10:10 Balancing took 810.0 milliseconds [hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$
5、參考文檔
1、hadoop.apache.org/docs/curren…
2、http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/279671.htm
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