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詳解Java中Quartz的簡單使用

 更新時間：2023年04月12日 14:33:28   作者：VipSoft  
Quartz?是一個開源的作業(yè)調(diào)度框架，它完全由?Java?寫成，并設(shè)計(jì)用于?J2SE?和?J2EE?應(yīng)用中。這篇文章主要通過示例和大家講講Quartz的簡單使用，需要的可以參考一下

Scheduler 每次執(zhí)行，都會根據(jù)JobDetail創(chuàng)建一個新的Job實(shí)例，這樣就可以規(guī)避并發(fā)訪問的問題（jobDetail的實(shí)例也是新的）

Quzrtz 定時任務(wù)默認(rèn)都是并發(fā)執(zhí)行，不會等待上一次任務(wù)執(zhí)行完畢，只要間隔時間到就會執(zhí)行，如果定時任務(wù)執(zhí)行太長，會長時間占用資源，導(dǎo)致其它任務(wù)堵塞

@DisallowConcurrentExecution: job類上，禁止并發(fā)地執(zhí)行同一個job定義 (JobDetail定義的)的多個實(shí)例。

  • scheduler：可以理解為定時任務(wù)的工作容器或者說是工作場所，所有定時任務(wù)都是放在里面工作，可以開啟和停止。
  • trigger：可以理解為是定時任務(wù)任務(wù)的工作規(guī)則配置，例如說，沒個幾分鐘調(diào)用一次，或者說指定每天那個時間點(diǎn)執(zhí)行。
  • jobDetail：定時任務(wù)的信息，例如配置定時任務(wù)的名字，群組之類的。
  • job：定時任務(wù)的真正的業(yè)務(wù)處理邏輯的地方。

簡單示例

TestClient.Java

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

public class TaskClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(TaskJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job1", "group1")  //設(shè)置JOB的名字和組
                .build();

        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger1", "trigger1")
                .startNow()
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(1)
                        .repeatForever())
                .build();
        try {
            Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
            scheduler.start();
        } catch (SchedulerException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

TaskJob.Java

import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

public class TaskJob implements Job {
    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
        System.out.println("TaskJob => " + DateUtil.now());
    }
}

usingJobData

通過 usingJobData 往定時任務(wù)中傳遞參數(shù)

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

public class TaskClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(TaskJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job1", "group1")
                .usingJobData("job","jobDetail1.JobDataMap.Value")
                .build();

        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger1", "trigger1")
                .usingJobData("trigger","trigger.JobDataMap.Value")
                .startNow()
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(1)
                        .repeatForever())
                .build();
        try {
            Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
            scheduler.start();
        } catch (SchedulerException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

TaskJob.java

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

public class TaskJob implements Job {
    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        JobDataMap jobDataMap = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap();
        JobDataMap triggerMap = context.getTrigger().getJobDataMap();
        JobDataMap mergeMap = context.getMergedJobDataMap();


        System.out.println("jobDataMap => " + jobDataMap.getString("job"));
        System.out.println("triggerMap => " + triggerMap.getString("trigger"));
        System.out.println("mergeMap => " + mergeMap.getString("trigger"));
    }
}

通過屬性賦值

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

public class TaskClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(TaskJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job1", "group1")
                .usingJobData("job","jobDetail1.JobDataMap.Value")
                .usingJobData("name","jobDetail1.name.Value") //通過 setName 自動賦值
                .build();

        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger1", "trigger1")
                .usingJobData("trigger","trigger.JobDataMap.Value")
                .usingJobData("name","trigger.name.Value")  //如果 Trigger 有值，會覆蓋 JobDetail
                .startNow()
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(1)
                        .repeatForever())
                .build();
        try {
            Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
            scheduler.start();
        } catch (SchedulerException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

import org.quartz.*;

public class TaskJob implements Job {

    private String name;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {

        System.out.println("name => " + name);
    }
}

非并發(fā)執(zhí)行

@DisallowConcurrentExecution job類上，禁止并發(fā)地執(zhí)行同一個job定義 (JobDetail定義的)的多個實(shí)例。

import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil;
import org.quartz.*;

@DisallowConcurrentExecution
public class TaskJob implements Job {

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) {
        System.out.println("Time => " + DateUtil.now());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

@PersistJobDataAfterExecution

持久化JobDetail中的JobDataMap（對 trigger 中的 datamap 無效），如果一個任務(wù)不是

import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil;

import org.quartz.*;

//持久化JobDetail中的JobDataMap（對 trigger 中的 datamap 無效），如果一個任務(wù)不是
@PersistJobDataAfterExecution
public class TaskJob implements Job {

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) {
        JobDataMap triggerMap = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap();
        triggerMap.put("count", triggerMap.getInt("count") + 1);
        System.out.println("Time => " + DateUtil.now() + " count =>" + triggerMap.getInt("count"));

    }
}

Client

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

public class TaskClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(TaskJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job1", "group1")
                .usingJobData("job","jobDetail1.JobDataMap.Value")
                .usingJobData("name","jobDetail1.name.Value") //通過 setName 自動賦值
                .usingJobData("count",0) //通過 setName 自動賦值
                .build();

        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger1", "trigger1")
                .usingJobData("trigger","trigger.JobDataMap.Value")
                .usingJobData("name","trigger.name.Value")  //如果 Trigger 有值，會覆蓋 JobDetail
                .startNow()
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(1)
                        .repeatForever())
                .build();
        try {
            Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
            scheduler.start();
        } catch (SchedulerException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

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