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提示信息控件AlertDialog對話框詳解

 更新時間:2023年04月13日 15:12:48   作者:向陽逐夢  
這篇文章主要為大家介紹了提示信息控件AlertDialog對話框的使用詳解,有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下,希望能夠有所幫助,祝大家多多進步,早日升職加薪

提要

本節(jié)繼續(xù)給大家?guī)硎秋@示提示信息的第三個控件AlertDialog(對話框),同時它也是其他Dialog的的父類!比如ProgressDialog,TimePickerDialog等,而AlertDialog的父類是:Dialog!另外,不像前面學(xué)習(xí)的Toast和Notification,AlertDialog并不能直接new出來,如果你打開AlertDialog的源碼,會發(fā)現(xiàn)構(gòu)造方法是protected的,如果我們要創(chuàng)建AlertDialog的話,我們需要使用到該類中的一個靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類:public static class Builder,然后來調(diào)用AlertDialog里的相關(guān)方法,來對AlertDialog進行定制,最后調(diào)用show()方法來顯示我們的AlertDialog對話框!

1.基本使用流程

  • Step 1:創(chuàng)建AlertDialog.Builder對象;
  • Step 2:調(diào)用setIcon() 設(shè)置圖標(biāo),setTitle() 或setCustomTitle() 設(shè)置標(biāo)題;
  • Step 3:設(shè)置對話框的內(nèi)容:setMessage() 還有其他方法來指定顯示的內(nèi)容;
  • Step 4:調(diào)用setPositive/Negative/NeutralButton() 設(shè)置:確定,取消,中立按鈕;
  • Step 5:調(diào)用create() 方法創(chuàng)建這個對象,再調(diào)用show() 方法將對話框顯示出來;

2.幾種常用的對話框使用示例

運行效果圖:

核心代碼:

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private Button btn_dialog_one;
    private Button btn_dialog_two;
    private Button btn_dialog_three;
    private Button btn_dialog_four;
    private Context mContext;
    private boolean[] checkItems;
    private AlertDialog alert = null;
    private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mContext = MainActivity.this;
        bindView();
    }
    private void bindView() {
        btn_dialog_one = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_one);
        btn_dialog_two = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_two);
        btn_dialog_three = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_three);
        btn_dialog_four = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_four);
        btn_dialog_one.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_dialog_two.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_dialog_three.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_dialog_four.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            //普通對話框
            case R.id.btn_dialog_one:
                alert = null;
                builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
                alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)
                        .setTitle("系統(tǒng)提示:")
                        .setMessage("這是一個最普通的AlertDialog,\n帶有三個按鈕,分別是取消,中立和確定")
                        .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                Toast.makeText(mContext, "你點擊了取消按鈕~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        })
                        .setPositiveButton("確定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                Toast.makeText(mContext, "你點擊了確定按鈕~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        })
                        .setNeutralButton("中立", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                Toast.makeText(mContext, "你點擊了中立按鈕~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        }).create();             //創(chuàng)建AlertDialog對象
                alert.show();                    //顯示對話框
                break;
            //普通列表對話框
            case R.id.btn_dialog_two:
                final String[] lesson = new String[]{"語文", "數(shù)學(xué)", "英語", "化學(xué)", "生物", "物理", "體育"};
                alert = null;
                builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
                alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)
                        .setTitle("選擇你喜歡的課程")
                        .setItems(lesson, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "你選擇了" + lesson[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        }).create();
                alert.show();
                break;
            //單選列表對話框
            case R.id.btn_dialog_three:
                final String[] fruits = new String[]{"蘋果", "雪梨", "香蕉", "葡萄", "西瓜"};
                alert = null;
                builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
                alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)
                        .setTitle("選擇你喜歡的水果,只能選一個哦~")
                        .setSingleChoiceItems(fruits, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "你選擇了" + fruits[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        }).create();
                alert.show();
                break;
            //多選列表對話框
            case R.id.btn_dialog_four:
                final String[] menu = new String[]{"水煮豆腐", "蘿卜牛腩", "醬油雞", "胡椒豬肚雞"};
                //定義一個用來記錄個列表項狀態(tài)的boolean數(shù)組
                checkItems = new boolean[]{false, false, false, false};
                alert = null;
                builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
                alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)
                        .setMultiChoiceItems(menu, checkItems, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
                                checkItems[which] = isChecked;
                            }
                        })
                        .setPositiveButton("確定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                String result = "";
                                for (int i = 0; i < checkItems.length; i++) {
                                    if (checkItems[i])
                                        result += menu[i] + " ";
                                }
                                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "客官你點了:" + result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        })
                        .create();
                alert.show();
                break;
        }
    }
}

布局就是四個簡單的按鈕,這里就不貼出來了,用法非常簡單~無非就是創(chuàng)建一個Builder對象后,進行相關(guān)設(shè)置,然后create()生成一個AlertDialog對象,最后調(diào)用show()方法將AlertDialog顯示出來而已!另外,細(xì)心的你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)我們點擊對話框的外部區(qū)域,對話框就會消失,我們可以為builder設(shè)置setCancelable(false) 即可解決這個問題!

3.通過Builder的setView()定制顯示的AlertDialog

我們可以自定義一個與系統(tǒng)對話框不同的布局,然后調(diào)用setView()將我們的布局加載到AlertDialog上,上面我們來實現(xiàn)這個效果:

運行效果圖:

關(guān)鍵代碼:

首先是兩種不同按鈕的selctor的drawable文件:

btn_selctor_exit.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@mipmap/iv_icon_exit_pressed"/>
    <item android:drawable="@mipmap/iv_icon_exit_normal"/>
</selector>

btn_selctor_choose.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@mipmap/bg_btn_pressed"/>
    <item android:drawable="@mipmap/bg_btn_normal"/>
</selector>

接著是自定義的Dialog布局:view_dialog_custom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout1"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/titlelayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:background="#53CC66"
        android:padding="5dp">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:text="提示信息"
            android:textColor="#ffffff"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:textStyle="bold" />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_cancle"
            android:layout_width="30dp"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_exit" />
    </RelativeLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ly_detail"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_below="@+id/titlelayout"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
            android:text="通過setView()方法定制AlertDialog"
            android:textColor="#04AEDA"
            android:textSize="18sp" />
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:text="作者:Coder-pig"
            android:textColor="#04AEDA"
            android:textSize="18sp" />
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/ly_detail"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_blog"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose"
            android:text="訪問博客"
            android:textColor="#ffffff"
            android:textSize="20sp" />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_close"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose"
            android:text="關(guān)閉"
            android:textColor="#ffffff"
            android:textSize="20sp" />
    </LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>  

最后是MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn_show;
    private View view_custom;
    private Context mContext;
    private AlertDialog alert = null;
    private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mContext = MainActivity.this;
        btn_show = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_show);
        //初始化Builder
        builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
        //加載自定義的那個View,同時設(shè)置下
        final LayoutInflater inflater = MainActivity.this.getLayoutInflater();
        view_custom = inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_dialog_custom, null,false);
        builder.setView(view_custom);
        builder.setCancelable(false);
        alert = builder.create();
        view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_cancle).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                alert.dismiss();
            }
        });
        view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_blog).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "訪問博客", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://blog.csdn.net/coder_pig");
                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
                startActivity(intent);
                alert.dismiss();
            }
        });
        view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_close).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "對話框已關(guān)閉~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                alert.dismiss();
            }
        });
        btn_show.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                alert.show();
            }
        });
    }
}

以上就是提示信息控件AlertDialog對話框詳解的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于AlertDialog 對話框的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!

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