Vue實(shí)現(xiàn)輪播圖組件的封裝

更新時(shí)間：2023年04月20日 11:14:11 作者：itpeilibo

Vue輪播圖組件的封裝可通過(guò)封裝組件、使用插件、配置化等方式實(shí)現(xiàn)，主要包括圖片預(yù)加載、定時(shí)輪播、無(wú)限滾動(dòng)、手勢(shì)滑動(dòng)、響應(yīng)式布局等功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)方式可使用Vue的生命周期函數(shù)、自定義事件、計(jì)算屬性等技術(shù)

輪播圖功能-獲取數(shù)據(jù)

目標(biāo): 基于pinia獲取輪播圖數(shù)據(jù)

核心代碼：

（1）在types/data.d.ts文件中定義輪播圖數(shù)據(jù)的類(lèi)型聲明

// 所有接口的通用類(lèi)型
export type ApiRes <T> = {
    code: string,
    msg: string,
    result: T
}
// 輪播圖類(lèi)型
export type BannerItem = {
  hrefUrl: string
  id: string
  imgUrl: string
  type: string
}

（2）在store/home.ts文件中封裝接口，用于獲取輪播圖數(shù)據(jù)

import { ApiRes, BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
import request from '@/utils/request'
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export default defineStore('home', {
  state: () => ({
    bannerList: [] as BannerItem[],
  }),
  actions: {
    async getBannerList() {
      const {data: res} = await request.get<ApiRes<BannerItem[]>>('/home/banner')
      this.bannerList = res.result
    },
  },
})

(3)在store/index.ts中導(dǎo)入

import useCategoryStore from './modules/category'
import useHomeStore from './modules/home'
export default function useStore() {
  return {
    category: useCategoryStore(),
    home: useHomeStore(),
  }
}

（4）通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)者工具查看數(shù)據(jù)

<script lang="ts" setup>
import useStore from '@/store'
const { home } = useStore()
home.getBannerList()
</script>

輪播圖-通用輪播圖組件

項(xiàng)目中會(huì)多次使用到輪播圖組件，但是輪播圖渲染的數(shù)據(jù)是不一樣的。

但是輪播圖的基本功能都是一樣的，比如圖片切換，自動(dòng)播放等等。

因此需要封裝一個(gè)通用的輪播圖組件。

（1）通用輪播圖的基本結(jié)構(gòu)src/components/carousel/index.vue

fade 類(lèi)：用于控制圖片的顯示和隱藏

active 類(lèi)：用于控制小圓點(diǎn)高亮

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
defineProps()
</script>
<template>
  <div class="carousel">
    <ul class="carousel-body">
      <li class="carousel-item fade">
        <RouterLink to="/">
          <img
            src="http://yjy-xiaotuxian-dev.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/picture/2021-04-15/1ba86bcc-ae71-42a3-bc3e-37b662f7f07e.jpg"
            alt=""
          />
        </RouterLink>
      </li>
      <li class="carousel-item">
        <RouterLink to="/">
          <img
            src="http://yjy-xiaotuxian-dev.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/picture/2021-04-15/1ba86bcc-ae71-42a3-bc3e-37b662f7f07e.jpg"
            alt=""
          />
        </RouterLink>
      </li>
      <li class="carousel-item">
        <RouterLink to="/">
          <img
            src="http://yjy-xiaotuxian-dev.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/picture/2021-04-15/1ba86bcc-ae71-42a3-bc3e-37b662f7f07e.jpg"
            alt=""
          />
        </RouterLink>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn prev"
      ><i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i
    ></a>
    <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn next"
      ><i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i
    ></a>
    <div class="carousel-indicator">
      <span class="active"></span>
      <span></span>
      <span></span>
      <span></span>
      <span></span>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<style scoped lang="less">
.xtxcarousel {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-width: 300px;
  min-height: 150px;
  position: relative;
  .carousel {
    &-body {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
    }
    &-item {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      position: absolute;
      left: 0;
      top: 0;
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 0.5s linear;
      &.fade {
        opacity: 1;
        z-index: 1;
      }
      img {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
      }
    }
    &-indicator {
      position: absolute;
      left: 0;
      bottom: 20px;
      z-index: 2;
      width: 100%;
      text-align: center;
      span {
        display: inline-block;
        width: 12px;
        height: 12px;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        border-radius: 50%;
        cursor: pointer;
        ~ span {
          margin-left: 12px;
        }
        &.active {
          background: #fff;
        }
      }
    }
    &-btn {
      width: 44px;
      height: 44px;
      background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
      color: #fff;
      border-radius: 50%;
      position: absolute;
      top: 228px;
      z-index: 2;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 44px;
      opacity: 0;
      transition: all 0.5s;
      &.prev {
        left: 20px;
      }
      &.next {
        right: 20px;
      }
    }
  }
  &:hover {
    .carousel-btn {
      opacity: 1;
    }
  }
}
</style>

（2）全局注冊(cè)通用輪播圖 src/components/index.ts

import type { App } from 'vue'
import skelecton from './skeleton/index.vue'
+import Carousel from './carousel/index.vue'
export default {
  install(app: App) {
    app.component(skelecton.name, skelecton)
+    app.component(Carousel.name, Carousel)
  },
}

（3）在廣告組件中使用src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

<template>
  <div class="home-banner">
    <!-- 輪播圖 -->
    <Carousel></XtxCarousel>
  </div>
</template>

（4）覆蓋樣式，控制箭頭和小圓點(diǎn)的位置src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

:deep(.carousel-btn.prev) {
  left: 270px!important;
}
:deep(.carousel-indicator) {
  padding-left: 250px;
}

（5）查看效果

輪播圖-數(shù)據(jù)渲染

目的

home-banner組件把數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給Carousel組件進(jìn)行渲染

（1）父?jìng)髯拥姆绞綄?shù)據(jù)傳給通用輪播圖組件src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

<Carousel :slides="home.bannerList"></Carousel>

（2）子組件接收數(shù)據(jù)src/components/carousel/index.vue

了解寫(xiě)法：如果通過(guò)js的方法定義類(lèi)型，需要單獨(dú)引入PropType進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
import { BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
// import { PropType } from 'vue'
// defineProps({
//   slides: {
//     type: Array as PropType<BannerItem[]>,
//     required: true,
//   },
// })
defineProps<{
  slides: BannerItem[]
}>()
</script>

（3）渲染輪播圖數(shù)據(jù)src/components/carousel/index.vue

<template>
  <div class="carousel">
    <ul class="carousel-body">
      <li class="carousel-item fade" v-for="item in slides" :key="item.id">
        <RouterLink :to="item.hrefUrl">
          <img :src="item.imgUrl" alt="" />
        </RouterLink>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn prev">
      <i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i>
    </a>
    <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn next">
      <i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i>
    </a>
    <div class="carousel-indicator">
      <span v-for="item in slides" :key="item.id" class="active"></span>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

（4）控制高亮的下標(biāo)

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
const active = ref(0)
</script>

（5）高亮渲染

添加的fade的圖片才會(huì)展示，所以根據(jù)當(dāng)前索引號(hào)進(jìn)行判斷，索引號(hào)等于active的才進(jìn)行展示
添加了active類(lèi)名的小圓點(diǎn)才會(huì)高亮，高亮邏輯跟圖片一致

<template>
  <div class="carousel">
    <ul class="carousel-body">
      <li
        class="carousel-item"
+        :class="{ fade: active === index }"
+        v-for="(item, index) in slides"
        :key="item.id"
      >
        <RouterLink :to="item.hrefUrl">
          <img :src="item.imgUrl" alt="" />
        </RouterLink>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn prev">
      <i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i>
    </a>
    <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn next">
      <i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i>
    </a>
    <div class="carousel-indicator">
      <span
+        v-for="(item, index) in slides"
        :key="item.id"
+        :class="{ active: active === index }"
      ></span>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

輪播圖-邏輯封裝

實(shí)現(xiàn)需求：

輪播圖里面的圖片需要從父組件傳入(因?yàn)檩啿ソM件可以復(fù)用)

父組件需要控制輪播圖的是否自動(dòng)播放、動(dòng)畫(huà)時(shí)間（處理默認(rèn)值邏輯）

是否自動(dòng)播放和動(dòng)畫(huà)時(shí)間都是需要默認(rèn)值的(如果不傳就可以使用輪播組件自己提供的默認(rèn)值)

播放邏輯

點(diǎn)擊小圓點(diǎn)可以切換圖片
點(diǎn)擊prev和next按鈕可以播放指定圖片(根據(jù)圖片個(gè)數(shù)判斷播放的循環(huán))
如果父組件配置了自動(dòng)播放，則需要定時(shí)播放圖片
鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入輪播圖，暫停輪播
鼠標(biāo)離開(kāi)輪播圖，繼續(xù)輪播
注意點(diǎn)：組件卸載的時(shí)候需要清除定時(shí)輪播效果(不然組件重新加載的時(shí)候會(huì)導(dǎo)致多個(gè)定時(shí)器開(kāi)啟)

（1）父組件傳值給輪播圖src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

<template>
  <div class="home-banner">
    <!-- 輪播圖 -->
    <Carousel :slides="slides" autoPlay :duration="3000"></XtxCarousel>
  </div>
</template>

（2）props接收src/components/Carousel.vue

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
import { BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
import { ref, PropType } from 'vue'
defineProps({
  slides: {
    type: Array as PropType<BannerItem[]>,
    required: true,
  },
  autoPlay: {
    type: Boolean,
    default: false,
  },
  duration: {
    type: Number,
    default: 3000,
  },
})
const active = ref(0)
</script>

（3）輪播圖的播放邏輯

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
import { BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
import { onMounted, onUnmounted, PropType, ref } from 'vue'
// import { PropType } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
  slides: {
    type: Array as PropType<BannerItem[]>,
    required: true,
  },
  duration: {
    type: Number,
    default: 3000,
  },
  autoPlay: {
    type: Boolean,
    default: false,
  },
})
// const props = defineProps<{
//   slides: BannerItem[]
// }>()
// 控制高亮
const active = ref(0)
const prev = () => {
  if (active.value <= 0) {
    active.value = props.slides.length - 1
  } else {
    active.value--
  }
}
const next = () => {
  if (active.value >= props.slides.length - 1) {
    active.value = 0
  } else {
    active.value++
  }
}
const play = () => {
  // 如果沒(méi)有自動(dòng)播放
  if (!props.autoPlay) return
  // 在ts中，使用定時(shí)器，window.setInterval
  timer = window.setInterval(() => {
    next()
  }, props.duration)
}
const stop = () => {
  clearInterval(timer)
}
let timer = -1
// 自動(dòng)播放
onMounted(() => {
  play()
})
onUnmounted(() => {
  stop()
})
</script>

（4）鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入和離開(kāi)操作

<div class="carousel" @mouseenter="stop" @mouseleave="play">

（5）鼠標(biāo)經(jīng)過(guò)小圓點(diǎn)切換

<span
  v-for="(item, index) in slides"
  :key="item.id"
  :class="{ active: active === index }"
  @mouseenter="active = index"
></span>

（6）點(diǎn)擊左右箭頭切換

const prev = () => {
  if (active.value === 0) {
    active.value = props.slides.length - 1
  } else {
    active.value--
  }
}
const next = () => {
  if (active.value === props.slides.length - 1) {
    active.value = 0
  } else {
    active.value++
  }
}
// 注冊(cè)事件
<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn prev" @click="prev">
  <i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i>
</a>
<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn next" @click="next">
  <i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i>
</a>
vascript
const prev = () => {
  if (active.value === 0) {
    active.value = props.slides.length - 1
  } else {
    active.value--
  }
}
const next = () => {
  if (active.value === props.slides.length - 1) {
    active.value = 0
  } else {
    active.value++
  }
}
// 注冊(cè)事件
<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn prev" @click="prev">
  <i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i>
</a>
<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="carousel-btn next" @click="next">
  <i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i>
</a>

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