Java多線程Thread基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)
1. 創(chuàng)建線程
1.1 通過構(gòu)造函數(shù):public Thread(Runnable target, String name){} 或:public Thread(Runnable target){}
示例:
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new MyThread(), "mythread");
class MyThread extends Thread(){
public void run(){
System.out.println("My First Thread');
}
}1.2 直接實現(xiàn)Runnable接口:
示例:
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable{}{
public void run(){
System.out.println("This is my thread.");
}
});2. 運行線程
thead1.start()
3. sleep
try{
#休眠1000ms
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}4. getName() 獲取線程名字, getId()獲取線程id
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":"+ Thread.currentThread().getId);
5. 停止線程,
千萬不用stop(),stop會立即終止線程。
通過interrupt()中斷線程,但是中斷并沒有停止線程,配合異常來實現(xiàn):
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
try{
Thread thread1=new Thread(new TheThread(),"thread1");
thread1.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);
thread1.interrupt();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class TheThread extends Thread{
public void run() {
super.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if(this.interrupted()){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);
}
}
}注意,如果在TheThread類里加入catch InterruptException的話,可能會導(dǎo)致interrupt被捕獲,而繞過if(this.interrupted())的判斷而無法終止線程。
6. 等待和通知
線程等待:當(dāng)前線程就處于等待狀態(tài),直到其他線程調(diào)用了notify()方法,線程才會繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
public final void wait() throws InterruptedException
線程通知:
public final native void notify()
注意:在notify()方法后,當(dāng)前線程不會馬上釋放該對象鎖,要等到執(zhí)行notify()方法的線程將程序執(zhí)行完,也就是退出同步代碼塊中。
package wait.notify;
public class ThreadWaitNotifyTest {
final static Object object=new Object();
public static class T1 extends Thread{
public void run(){
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 start");
synchronized (object){
try {
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 wait");
object.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 end");
}
}
public static class T2 extends Thread{
public void run(){
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T2 start");
synchronized (object){
System.out.println("T2 synchonized code start.");
object.notify();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
System.out.println("T2 synchonized code end.");
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T2 end");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Thread thread1=new T1();
Thread thread2=new T2();
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}輸出結(jié)果:

7. 線程優(yōu)先級
高優(yōu)先級的線程將會獲得更多的CPU資源。一共分為10個優(yōu)先級。
public final void setPriority(int newPriority)
源碼分析:
public final void setPriority(int newPriority) {
ThreadGroup g;
checkAccess();
if (newPriority > MAX_PRIORITY || newPriority < MIN_PRIORITY) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
if((g = getThreadGroup()) != null) {
if (newPriority > g.getMaxPriority()) {
newPriority = g.getMaxPriority();
}
setPriority0(priority = newPriority);
}
}public final static int MIN_PRIORITY = 1; public final static int NORM_PRIORITY = 5; public final static int MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
可見線程最高優(yōu)先級為10, 最低為1, 默認(rèn)為5.
當(dāng)設(shè)定的newPriority高于該線程組ThreadGroup的最高Priority時,只能分配該線程組的最高Priority
8. 守護(hù)線程
類似守護(hù)進(jìn)程,Java存在兩種線程:用戶線程和守護(hù)線程。它是一種特殊線程,執(zhí)行的是一種后臺服務(wù),當(dāng)一個系統(tǒng)中不存在非守護(hù)線程的時候,守護(hù)線程會自己銷毀。典型的守護(hù)線程:JVM的垃圾回收線程。
public final void setDaemon(boolean on)
示例:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TheThread theThread=new TheThread();
theThread.setDaemon(true);//設(shè)置守護(hù)線程
theThread.start();
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("全都退出啦");
}
public static class TheThread extends Thread{
public void run(){
int i = 0;
while (true){
i++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+":"+i);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}源碼分析:
設(shè)置線程為用戶線程(user thread)或守護(hù)線程(daemon thread),當(dāng)剩余運行的線程均為守護(hù)線程時,JVM會退出。
public final void setDaemon(boolean on) {
checkAccess();
if (isAlive()) {
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
}
daemon = on;
}其中checkAccesss()方法如下:
public final void checkAccess() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkAccess(this);
}
}該方法用于判斷當(dāng)前運行的線程是否有修改此線程的權(quán)限。
而public final native boolean isAlive();用于判斷該線程是否處于alive狀態(tài),即該線程是否已經(jīng)start,且沒有die。
當(dāng)isAlive的話就會拋出IllegalThreadStateException異常。
所以,設(shè)置守護(hù)線程的方法,邏輯就是先判斷當(dāng)前線程是否有修改的權(quán)限,再判斷是否處于alive狀態(tài),如果不處于alive狀態(tài),則根據(jù)boolean變量on的值更改它的狀態(tài),即true:設(shè)為daemon線程,false:設(shè)為user線程。
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