oracle導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到文本、從文本導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)的詳細(xì)步驟

更新時(shí)間：2023年05月01日 00:05:24 作者：cycsa

經(jīng)常有需求向表中導(dǎo)入大量的數(shù)據(jù)，使用insert不靠譜，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具，這里就為大家簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下

經(jīng)常有需求向表中導(dǎo)入大量的數(shù)據(jù)，使用insert不靠譜，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具

也有時(shí)需要講數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到文本，oracle的spool可以輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)oracle導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到txt、txt導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到oracle

一、導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到txt

這里用all_objects表做測(cè)試

SQL> desc all_objects;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 OWNER                                     NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_NAME                               NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
 SUBOBJECT_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_ID                                 NOT NULL NUMBER
 DATA_OBJECT_ID                                     NUMBER
 OBJECT_TYPE                                        VARCHAR2(19)
 CREATED                                   NOT NULL DATE
 LAST_DDL_TIME                             NOT NULL DATE
 TIMESTAMP                                          VARCHAR2(19)
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)
 TEMPORARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)
 GENERATED                                          VARCHAR2(1)
 SECONDARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做導(dǎo)出、導(dǎo)入測(cè)試
這里需要一些設(shè)置滿足數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出的樣式

vi exp_table.sql

set line 1000         --設(shè)置行的長(zhǎng)度
set pagesize 0        --輸出不換頁(yè)
set feedback off      --默認(rèn)的當(dāng)一條sql發(fā)出的時(shí)候，oracle會(huì)給一個(gè)反饋，比如說(shuō)創(chuàng)建表的時(shí)候，如果成功命令行會(huì)返回類(lèi)似：Table created的反饋,off后不顯示反饋
set heading off       --不顯示表頭信息
set trimspool on      --如果trimspool設(shè)置為on，將移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on          --去掉空字符
set echo off;　　　　   --顯示start啟動(dòng)的腳本中的每個(gè)sql命令，缺省為on
set colsep '|'         --設(shè)置分隔符
set termout off        --不在屏幕上顯示結(jié)果
spool db1.txt          --記錄數(shù)據(jù)到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects;  --導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)語(yǔ)句
spool off              --收集完畢
exit

一切就緒后導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt  --可選，去除每行開(kāi)頭部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$

導(dǎo)出后檢查數(shù)據(jù)的記錄數(shù)是否正確

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     49988  --數(shù)據(jù)正確

二、從txt導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到oracle

sqlldr是通過(guò)一個(gè)control文件設(shè)定后，從文本導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)

建立一張測(cè)試表

SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));

Table created.

建立一個(gè)control文件

vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

load data                 
infile 'db1.txt'            --數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr    --數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到表tb_sqldr中，導(dǎo)入方式為追加，如果想覆蓋
fields terminated by "|"    --4、字段終止于X'09'，是一個(gè)制表符(tab)
(id,name)                    --定義對(duì)應(yīng)的字段名稱(chēng)，注意順序

導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)分成四種模式，可以根據(jù)需求選擇：

APPEND // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 就加在后面
INSERT // 裝載空表如果原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) sqlloader會(huì)停止默認(rèn)值
REPLACE // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 原先的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)全部刪除
TRUNCATE // 指定的內(nèi)容和replace的相同會(huì)用truncate語(yǔ)句刪除現(xiàn)存數(shù)據(jù)

執(zhí)行導(dǎo)入操作

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的數(shù)據(jù)短短2s解決

執(zhí)行導(dǎo)入后驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     49988

導(dǎo)入成功

再執(zhí)行一次導(dǎo)入操作，由于設(shè)置為追加

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     99976

記錄翻倍

sqlldr還有很多參數(shù)供選擇，比如log、bad這些，查看幫助即可

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:

    userid -- ORACLE username/password           
   control -- control file name                  
       log -- log file name                      
       bad -- bad file name                      
      data -- data file name                     
   discard -- discard file name                  
discardmax -- number of discards to allow          (Default all)
      skip -- number of logical records to skip    (Default 0)
      load -- number of logical records to load    (Default all)
    errors -- number of errors to allow            (Default 50)
      rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
               (Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
  bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes  (Default 256000)
    silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
    direct -- use direct path                      (Default FALSE)
   parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
  parallel -- do parallel load                     (Default FALSE)
      file -- file to allocate extents from      
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions  (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable  (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued  (Default FALSE)
  readsize -- size of read buffer                  (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE  (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array  (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes  (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path  
 resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session  (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE  (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache  (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords.  An example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'.  One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords.  For example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.

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