Swift心得筆記之控制流
控制流基本上大同小異,在此列舉幾個比較有趣的地方。
switch
Break
文檔原文是 No Implicit Fallthrough ,粗暴的翻譯一下就是:不存在隱式貫穿。其中 Implicit 是一個經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞,中文原意是:“含蓄的,暗示的,隱蓄的”。在 Swift 中通常表示默認處理。比如這里的隱式貫穿,就是指傳統(tǒng)的多個 case 如果沒有 break 就會從上穿到底的情況。再例如 implicitly unwrapped optionals ,隱式解析可選類型,則是默認會進行解包操作不用手動通過 ! 進行解包。
回到 switch 的問題,看下下面這段代碼:
let anotherCharacter: Character = "a" switch anotherCharacter { case "a": println("The letter a") case "A": println("The letter A") default: println("Not the letter A") }
可以看到雖然匹配到了 case "a" 的情況,但是在當前 case 結束之后便直接跳出,沒有繼續(xù)往下執(zhí)行。如果想繼續(xù)貫穿到下面的 case 可以通過 fallthrough 實現(xiàn)。
Tuple
我們可以在 switch 中使用元祖 (tuple) 進行匹配。用 _ 表示所有值。比如下面這個例子,判斷坐標屬于什么區(qū)域:
let somePoint = (1, 1) switch somePoint { case (0, 0): // 位于遠點 println("(0, 0) is at the origin") case (_, 0): // x為任意值,y為0,即在 X 軸上 println("(\(somePoint.0), 0) is on the x-axis") case (0, _): // y為任意值,x為0,即在 Y 軸上 println("(0, \(somePoint.1)) is on the y-axis") case (-2...2, -2...2): // 在以原點為中心,邊長為4的正方形內(nèi)。 println("(\(somePoint.0), \(somePoint.1)) is inside the box") default: println("(\(somePoint.0), \(somePoint.1)) is outside of the box") } // "(1, 1) is inside the box"
如果想在 case 中用這個值,那么可以用過值綁定 (value bindings) 解決:
let somePoint = (0, 1) switch somePoint { case (0, 0): println("(0, 0) is at the origin") case (let x, 0): println("x is \(x)") case (0, let y): println("y is \(y)") default: println("default") }
Where
case 中可以通過 where 對參數(shù)進行匹配。比如我們想打印 y=x 或者 y=-x這種45度仰望的情況,以前是通過 if 解決,現(xiàn)在可以用 switch 搞起:
let yetAnotherPoint = (1, -1) switch yetAnotherPoint { case let (x, y) where x == y: println("(\(x), \(y)) is on the line x == y") case let (x, y) where x == -y: println("(\(x), \(y)) is on the line x == -y") case let (x, y): println("(\(x), \(y)) is just some arbitrary point") } // "(1, -1) is on the line x == -y”
Control Transfer Statements
Swift 有四個控制轉移狀態(tài):
continue - 針對 loop ,直接進行下一次循環(huán)迭代。告訴循環(huán)體:我這次循環(huán)已經(jīng)結束了。
break - 針對 control flow (loop + switch),直接結束整個控制流。在 loop 中會跳出當前 loop ,在 switch 中是跳出當前 switch 。如果 switch 中某個 case 你實在不想進行任何處理,你可以直接在里面加上 break 來忽略。
fallthrough - 在 switch 中,將代碼引至下一個 case 而不是默認的跳出 switch。
return - 函數(shù)中使用
其他
看到一個有趣的東西:Swift Cheat Sheet,里面是純粹的代碼片段,如果突然短路忘了語法可以來看看。
比如 Control Flow 部分,有如下代碼,基本覆蓋了所有的點:
// for loop (array) let myArray = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5] for value in myArray { if value == 1 { println("One!") } else { println("Not one!") } } // for loop (dictionary) var dict = [ "name": "Steve Jobs", "title": "CEO", "company": "Apple" ] for (key, value) in dict { println("\(key): \(value)") } // for loop (range) for i in -1...1 { // [-1, 0, 1] println(i) } // use .. to exclude the last number // for loop (ignoring the current value of the range on each iteration of the loop) for _ in 1...3 { // Do something three times. } // while loop var i = 1 while i < 1000 { i *= 2 } // do-while loop do { println("hello") } while 1 == 2 // Switch let vegetable = "red pepper" switch vegetable { case "celery": let vegetableComment = "Add some raisins and make ants on a log." case "cucumber", "watercress": let vegetableComment = "That would make a good tea sandwich." case let x where x.hasSuffix("pepper"): let vegetableComment = "Is it a spicy \(x)?" default: // required (in order to cover all possible input) let vegetableComment = "Everything tastes good in soup." } // Switch to validate plist content let city:Dictionary<String, AnyObject> = [ "name" : "Qingdao", "population" : 2_721_000, "abbr" : "QD" ] switch (city["name"], city["population"], city["abbr"]) { case (.Some(let cityName as NSString), .Some(let pop as NSNumber), .Some(let abbr as NSString)) where abbr.length == 2: println("City Name: \(cityName) | Abbr.:\(abbr) Population: \(pop)") default: println("Not a valid city") }
以上所述就是本文的全部內(nèi)容了,希望大家能夠喜歡。