C++如何實(shí)現(xiàn)DNS域名解析
一、概述
現(xiàn)在來搞定DNS域名解析,其實(shí)這是前面一篇文章C++實(shí)現(xiàn)Ping里面的遺留問題,要干的活是ping的過程中畫紅線的部分:

cmd下域名解析的命令是nslookup,比如“nslookup www.baidu.com”的結(jié)果如下:

其中,Address返回的就是www.baidu.com對(duì)應(yīng)的IP地址,這個(gè)可能有多個(gè)
Alias指別名,也就是說www.baidu.com是www.a.shifen.com的別名,而www.a.shifen.com則是www.baidu.com的規(guī)范名(Canonical Name,CName),具體參考RFC1035 3.2.2 & wikipedia
二、實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果預(yù)覽
先看一下最終搞成了什么樣子
輸入:域名字符串
輸出:IP列表、CName列表、DNS查詢所用時(shí)間


三、相關(guān)技術(shù)
3.1、UDP or TCP ? (RFC1035 4.2)
UDP:DNS查詢和回復(fù)采用低開銷高性能的UDP,端口號(hào)為53。
TCP:輔助DNS服務(wù)器從主DNS服務(wù)器拉取最新數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),采用可靠的TCP傳輸,端口號(hào)也為53。
我們這里做DNS查詢采用UDP,53端口。
3.2、DNS查詢/回復(fù)包頭部解析 (RFC1035 4.1.1)

重點(diǎn)介紹一下我們關(guān)心的部分:
ID(16bits):標(biāo)識(shí)符,一般填入本進(jìn)程的標(biāo)識(shí)符
QR(1bits):標(biāo)志位,查詢包為0,回復(fù)包為1
Opcode(4bits):查詢的種類,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)查詢?yōu)?
QDCOUNT(16bits):DNS查詢/回復(fù)包數(shù)據(jù)部分Question字段的個(gè)數(shù)
ANCOUNT(16bits):DNS查詢/回復(fù)包數(shù)據(jù)部分Answer字段的個(gè)數(shù)
3.2、DNS查詢/回復(fù)包數(shù)據(jù)部分解析 (RFC1035 4.1.2 & 4.1.3)
查詢/回復(fù)包的數(shù)據(jù)部分依次為QDCOUNT個(gè)Question字段、ANCOUNT個(gè)Answer字段....
對(duì)于任意字段,其格式如下:

Name(不定長(zhǎng)):域名,這部分的格式比較復(fù)雜,后面單獨(dú)說。
TYPE(16bits):查詢類型/回復(fù)包RDATA類型,比如TYPE=1表示主機(jī)IP地址、TYPE=5表示CNAME,詳見RFC1035 3.2.2
CLASS(16bits):類,一般情況下CLASS=1表示Internet,詳見RFC1035 3.2.4
TTL(32bits,僅回復(fù)包):生存時(shí)間
RDLENGTH(16bits,僅回復(fù)包):RDATA部分的字節(jié)數(shù)
RDATA(不定長(zhǎng),僅回復(fù)包):資源數(shù)據(jù),具體格式取決于TYPE和CLASS,比如TYPE=1、CLASS=1時(shí),RDATA為四個(gè)字節(jié)的IP地址
3.3、Name解析&消息壓縮
3.3.1、一般格式 (RFC1035 4.1.2)
標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)度(1個(gè)字節(jié)) + 標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容,以標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)度0作為Name的結(jié)束符,例如:

3.3.2、消息壓縮格式 (RFC1035 4.1.4)
如果標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)度的二進(jìn)制前兩位是11,則表示消息壓縮。
此時(shí),標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)度1個(gè)字節(jié)+后面的1個(gè)字節(jié)一共16位,后14位表示相對(duì)DNS包起始地址的偏移(Byte),例如:

上述例子中,DNS包起始地址為0x0000,c0 13的二進(jìn)制為11000000 00010003,即跳轉(zhuǎn)偏移為0x13個(gè)字節(jié),對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)為03 63 6f 6d 00。
RFC1035中規(guī)定,支持的消息壓縮規(guī)則為:
①以內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)度0結(jié)尾的標(biāo)簽序列
②偏移指針
③標(biāo)簽序列+偏移指針
也就是說,Name的消息壓縮要求偏移指針必須在Name的尾部,且不支持同一級(jí)存在多個(gè)偏移指針(偏移指針序列),
但Name的消息壓縮支持嵌套的偏移指針,即指針指向的偏移位置仍然是以偏移指針結(jié)尾的數(shù)據(jù)
四、代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
#pragma once
//這里需要導(dǎo)入庫(kù) Ws2_32.lib,在不同的IDE下可能不太一樣
//#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#define MAX_DOMAINNAME_LEN 255
#define DNS_PORT 53
#define DNS_TYPE_SIZE 2
#define DNS_CLASS_SIZE 2
#define DNS_TTL_SIZE 4
#define DNS_DATALEN_SIZE 2
#define DNS_TYPE_A 0x0001 //1 a host address
#define DNS_TYPE_CNAME 0x0005 //5 the canonical name for an alias
#define DNS_PACKET_MAX_SIZE (sizeof(DNSHeader) + MAX_DOMAINNAME_LEN + DNS_TYPE_SIZE + DNS_CLASS_SIZE)
struct DNSHeader
{
USHORT usTransID; //標(biāo)識(shí)符
USHORT usFlags; //各種標(biāo)志位
USHORT usQuestionCount; //Question字段個(gè)數(shù)
USHORT usAnswerCount; //Answer字段個(gè)數(shù)
USHORT usAuthorityCount; //Authority字段個(gè)數(shù)
USHORT usAdditionalCount; //Additional字段個(gè)數(shù)
};
class CDNSLookup
{
public:
CDNSLookup();
~CDNSLookup();
BOOL DNSLookup(ULONG ulDNSServerIP, char *szDomainName, std::vector<ULONG> *pveculIPList = NULL, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList = NULL, ULONG ulTimeout = 1000, ULONG *pulTimeSpent = NULL);
BOOL DNSLookup(ULONG ulDNSServerIP, char *szDomainName, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrIPList = NULL, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList = NULL, ULONG ulTimeout = 1000, ULONG *pulTimeSpent = NULL);
private:
BOOL Init();
BOOL UnInit();
BOOL DNSLookupCore(ULONG ulDNSServerIP, char *szDomainName, std::vector<ULONG> *pveculIPList, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList, ULONG ulTimeout, ULONG *pulTimeSpent);
BOOL SendDNSRequest(sockaddr_in sockAddrDNSServer, char *szDomainName);
BOOL RecvDNSResponse(sockaddr_in sockAddrDNSServer, ULONG ulTimeout, std::vector<ULONG> *pveculIPList, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList, ULONG *pulTimeSpent);
BOOL EncodeDotStr(char *szDotStr, char *szEncodedStr, USHORT nEncodedStrSize);
BOOL DecodeDotStr(char *szEncodedStr, USHORT *pusEncodedStrLen, char *szDotStr, USHORT nDotStrSize, char *szPacketStartPos = NULL);
ULONG GetTickCountCalibrate();
private:
BOOL m_bIsInitOK;
SOCKET m_sock;
WSAEVENT m_event;
USHORT m_usCurrentProcID;
char *m_szDNSPacket;
};
[DNSLookup.h]
#include "DNSLookup.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
CDNSLookup::CDNSLookup() :
m_bIsInitOK(FALSE),
m_sock(INVALID_SOCKET),
m_szDNSPacket(NULL)
{
m_bIsInitOK = Init();
}
CDNSLookup::~CDNSLookup()
{
UnInit();
}
BOOL CDNSLookup::DNSLookup(ULONG ulDNSServerIP, char *szDomainName, std::vector<ULONG> *pveculIPList, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList, ULONG ulTimeout, ULONG *pulTimeSpent)
{
return DNSLookupCore(ulDNSServerIP, szDomainName, pveculIPList, pvecstrCNameList, ulTimeout, pulTimeSpent);
}
BOOL CDNSLookup::DNSLookup(ULONG ulDNSServerIP, char *szDomainName, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrIPList, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList, ULONG ulTimeout, ULONG *pulTimeSpent)
{
std::vector<ULONG> *pveculIPList = NULL;
if (pvecstrIPList != NULL)
{
std::vector<ULONG> veculIPList;
pveculIPList = &veculIPList;
}
BOOL bRet = DNSLookupCore(ulDNSServerIP, szDomainName, pveculIPList, pvecstrCNameList, ulTimeout, pulTimeSpent);
if (bRet)
{
pvecstrIPList->clear();
char szIP[16] = {'\0'};
for (std::vector<ULONG>::iterator iter = pveculIPList->begin(); iter != pveculIPList->end(); ++iter)
{
BYTE *pbyIPSegment = (BYTE*)(&(*iter));
//sprintf_s(szIP, 16, "%d.%d.%d.%d", pbyIPSegment[0], pbyIPSegment[1], pbyIPSegment[2], pbyIPSegment[3]);
sprintf(szIP, "%d.%d.%d.%d", pbyIPSegment[0], pbyIPSegment[1], pbyIPSegment[2], pbyIPSegment[3]);
pvecstrIPList->push_back(szIP);
}
}
return bRet;
}
BOOL CDNSLookup::Init()
{
WSADATA wsaData;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
return FALSE;
}
if ((m_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
return FALSE;
}
m_event = WSACreateEvent();
WSAEventSelect(m_sock, m_event, FD_READ);
m_szDNSPacket = new (std::nothrow) char[DNS_PACKET_MAX_SIZE];
if (m_szDNSPacket == NULL)
{
return FALSE;
}
m_usCurrentProcID = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();
return TRUE;
}
BOOL CDNSLookup::UnInit()
{
WSACleanup();
if (m_szDNSPacket != NULL)
{
delete [] m_szDNSPacket;
}
return TRUE;
}
BOOL CDNSLookup::DNSLookupCore(ULONG ulDNSServerIP, char *szDomainName, std::vector<ULONG> *pveculIPList, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList, ULONG ulTimeout, ULONG *pulTimeSpent)
{
if (m_bIsInitOK == FALSE || szDomainName == NULL)
{
return FALSE;
}
//配置SOCKET
sockaddr_in sockAddrDNSServer;
sockAddrDNSServer.sin_family = AF_INET;
sockAddrDNSServer.sin_addr.s_addr = ulDNSServerIP;
sockAddrDNSServer.sin_port = htons( DNS_PORT );
//DNS查詢與解析
if (!SendDNSRequest(sockAddrDNSServer, szDomainName)
|| !RecvDNSResponse(sockAddrDNSServer, ulTimeout, pveculIPList, pvecstrCNameList, pulTimeSpent))
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
BOOL CDNSLookup::SendDNSRequest(sockaddr_in sockAddrDNSServer, char *szDomainName)
{
char *pWriteDNSPacket = m_szDNSPacket;
memset(pWriteDNSPacket, 0, DNS_PACKET_MAX_SIZE);
//填充DNS查詢報(bào)文頭部
DNSHeader *pDNSHeader = (DNSHeader*)pWriteDNSPacket;
pDNSHeader->usTransID = m_usCurrentProcID;
pDNSHeader->usFlags = htons(0x0100);
pDNSHeader->usQuestionCount = htons(0x0001);
pDNSHeader->usAnswerCount = 0x0000;
pDNSHeader->usAuthorityCount = 0x0000;
pDNSHeader->usAdditionalCount = 0x0000;
//設(shè)置DNS查詢報(bào)文內(nèi)容
USHORT usQType = htons(0x0001);
USHORT usQClass = htons(0x0001);
USHORT nDomainNameLen = strlen(szDomainName);
char *szEncodedDomainName = (char *)malloc(nDomainNameLen + 2);
if (szEncodedDomainName == NULL)
{
return FALSE;
}
if (!EncodeDotStr(szDomainName, szEncodedDomainName, nDomainNameLen + 2))
{
return FALSE;
}
//填充DNS查詢報(bào)文內(nèi)容
USHORT nEncodedDomainNameLen = strlen(szEncodedDomainName) + 1;
memcpy(pWriteDNSPacket += sizeof(DNSHeader), szEncodedDomainName, nEncodedDomainNameLen);
memcpy(pWriteDNSPacket += nEncodedDomainNameLen, (char*)(&usQType), DNS_TYPE_SIZE);
memcpy(pWriteDNSPacket += DNS_TYPE_SIZE, (char*)(&usQClass), DNS_CLASS_SIZE);
free (szEncodedDomainName);
//發(fā)送DNS查詢報(bào)文
USHORT nDNSPacketSize = sizeof(DNSHeader) + nEncodedDomainNameLen + DNS_TYPE_SIZE + DNS_CLASS_SIZE;
if (sendto(m_sock, m_szDNSPacket, nDNSPacketSize, 0, (sockaddr*)&sockAddrDNSServer, sizeof(sockAddrDNSServer)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
BOOL CDNSLookup::RecvDNSResponse(sockaddr_in sockAddrDNSServer, ULONG ulTimeout, std::vector<ULONG> *pveculIPList, std::vector<std::string> *pvecstrCNameList, ULONG *pulTimeSpent)
{
ULONG ulSendTimestamp = GetTickCountCalibrate();
if (pveculIPList != NULL)
{
pveculIPList->clear();
}
if (pvecstrCNameList != NULL)
{
pvecstrCNameList->clear();
}
char recvbuf[1024] = {'\0'};
char szDotName[128] = {'\0'};
USHORT nEncodedNameLen = 0;
while (TRUE)
{
if (WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(1, &m_event, FALSE, 100, FALSE) != WSA_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
{
WSANETWORKEVENTS netEvent;
WSAEnumNetworkEvents(m_sock, m_event, &netEvent);
if (netEvent.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ)
{
ULONG ulRecvTimestamp = GetTickCountCalibrate();
int nSockaddrDestSize = sizeof(sockAddrDNSServer);
//接收響應(yīng)報(bào)文
if (recvfrom(m_sock, recvbuf, 1024, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&sockAddrDNSServer, &nSockaddrDestSize) != SOCKET_ERROR)
{
DNSHeader *pDNSHeader = (DNSHeader*)recvbuf;
USHORT usQuestionCount = 0;
USHORT usAnswerCount = 0;
if (pDNSHeader->usTransID == m_usCurrentProcID
&& (ntohs(pDNSHeader->usFlags) & 0xfb7f) == 0x8100 //RFC1035 4.1.1(Header section format)
&& (usQuestionCount = ntohs(pDNSHeader->usQuestionCount)) >= 0
&& (usAnswerCount = ntohs(pDNSHeader->usAnswerCount)) > 0)
{
char *pDNSData = recvbuf + sizeof(DNSHeader);
//解析Question字段
for (int q = 0; q != usQuestionCount; ++q)
{
if (!DecodeDotStr(pDNSData, &nEncodedNameLen, szDotName, sizeof(szDotName)))
{
return FALSE;
}
pDNSData += (nEncodedNameLen + DNS_TYPE_SIZE + DNS_CLASS_SIZE);
}
//解析Answer字段
for (int a = 0; a != usAnswerCount; ++a)
{
if (!DecodeDotStr(pDNSData, &nEncodedNameLen, szDotName, sizeof(szDotName), recvbuf))
{
return FALSE;
}
pDNSData += nEncodedNameLen;
USHORT usAnswerType = ntohs(*(USHORT*)(pDNSData));
USHORT usAnswerClass = ntohs(*(USHORT*)(pDNSData + DNS_TYPE_SIZE));
ULONG usAnswerTTL = ntohl(*(ULONG*)(pDNSData + DNS_TYPE_SIZE + DNS_CLASS_SIZE));
USHORT usAnswerDataLen = ntohs(*(USHORT*)(pDNSData + DNS_TYPE_SIZE + DNS_CLASS_SIZE + DNS_TTL_SIZE));
pDNSData += (DNS_TYPE_SIZE + DNS_CLASS_SIZE + DNS_TTL_SIZE + DNS_DATALEN_SIZE);
if (usAnswerType == DNS_TYPE_A && pveculIPList != NULL)
{
ULONG ulIP = *(ULONG*)(pDNSData);
pveculIPList->push_back(ulIP);
}
else if (usAnswerType == DNS_TYPE_CNAME && pvecstrCNameList != NULL)
{
if (!DecodeDotStr(pDNSData, &nEncodedNameLen, szDotName, sizeof(szDotName), recvbuf))
{
return FALSE;
}
pvecstrCNameList->push_back(szDotName);
}
pDNSData += (usAnswerDataLen);
}
//計(jì)算DNS查詢所用時(shí)間
if (pulTimeSpent != NULL)
{
*pulTimeSpent = ulRecvTimestamp - ulSendTimestamp;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
//超時(shí)退出
if (GetTickCountCalibrate() - ulSendTimestamp > ulTimeout)
{
*pulTimeSpent = ulTimeout + 1;
return FALSE;
}
}
return TRUE;
}
/*
* convert "www.baidu.com" to "\x03www\x05baidu\x03com"
* 0x0000 03 77 77 77 05 62 61 69 64 75 03 63 6f 6d 00 ff
*/
BOOL CDNSLookup::EncodeDotStr(char *szDotStr, char *szEncodedStr, USHORT nEncodedStrSize)
{
USHORT nDotStrLen = strlen(szDotStr);
if (szDotStr == NULL || szEncodedStr == NULL || nEncodedStrSize < nDotStrLen + 2)
{
return FALSE;
}
char *szDotStrCopy = new char[nDotStrLen + 1];
//strcpy_s(szDotStrCopy, nDotStrLen + 1, szDotStr);
strcpy(szDotStrCopy, szDotStr);
char *pNextToken = NULL;
//char *pLabel = strtok_s(szDotStrCopy, ".", &pNextToken);
char *pLabel = strtok(szDotStrCopy, ".");
USHORT nLabelLen = 0;
USHORT nEncodedStrLen = 0;
while (pLabel != NULL)
{
if ((nLabelLen = strlen(pLabel)) != 0)
{
//sprintf_s(szEncodedStr + nEncodedStrLen, nEncodedStrSize - nEncodedStrLen, "%c%s", nLabelLen, pLabel);
sprintf(szEncodedStr + nEncodedStrLen, "%c%s", nLabelLen, pLabel);
nEncodedStrLen += (nLabelLen + 1);
}
//pLabel = strtok_s(NULL, ".", &pNextToken);
pLabel = strtok(NULL, ".");
}
delete [] szDotStrCopy;
return TRUE;
}
/*
* convert "\x03www\x05baidu\x03com\x00" to "www.baidu.com"
* 0x0000 03 77 77 77 05 62 61 69 64 75 03 63 6f 6d 00 ff
* convert "\x03www\x05baidu\xc0\x13" to "www.baidu.com"
* 0x0000 03 77 77 77 05 62 61 69 64 75 c0 13 ff ff ff ff
* 0x0010 ff ff ff 03 63 6f 6d 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
*/
BOOL CDNSLookup::DecodeDotStr(char *szEncodedStr, USHORT *pusEncodedStrLen, char *szDotStr, USHORT nDotStrSize, char *szPacketStartPos)
{
if (szEncodedStr == NULL || pusEncodedStrLen == NULL || szDotStr == NULL)
{
return FALSE;
}
char *pDecodePos = szEncodedStr;
USHORT usPlainStrLen = 0;
BYTE nLabelDataLen = 0;
*pusEncodedStrLen = 0;
while ((nLabelDataLen = *pDecodePos) != 0x00)
{
if ((nLabelDataLen & 0xc0) == 0) //普通格式,LabelDataLen + Label
{
if (usPlainStrLen + nLabelDataLen + 1 > nDotStrSize)
{
return FALSE;
}
memcpy(szDotStr + usPlainStrLen, pDecodePos + 1, nLabelDataLen);
memcpy(szDotStr + usPlainStrLen + nLabelDataLen, ".", 1);
pDecodePos += (nLabelDataLen + 1);
usPlainStrLen += (nLabelDataLen + 1);
*pusEncodedStrLen += (nLabelDataLen + 1);
}
else //消息壓縮格式,11000000 00000000,兩個(gè)字節(jié),前2位為跳轉(zhuǎn)標(biāo)志,后14位為跳轉(zhuǎn)的偏移
{
if (szPacketStartPos == NULL)
{
return FALSE;
}
USHORT usJumpPos = ntohs(*(USHORT*)(pDecodePos)) & 0x3fff;
USHORT nEncodeStrLen = 0;
if (!DecodeDotStr(szPacketStartPos + usJumpPos, &nEncodeStrLen, szDotStr + usPlainStrLen, nDotStrSize - usPlainStrLen, szPacketStartPos))
{
return FALSE;
}
else
{
*pusEncodedStrLen += 2;
return TRUE;
}
}
}
szDotStr[usPlainStrLen - 1] = '\0';
*pusEncodedStrLen += 1;
return TRUE;
}
ULONG CDNSLookup::GetTickCountCalibrate()
{
static ULONG s_ulFirstCallTick = 0;
static LONGLONG s_ullFirstCallTickMS = 0;
SYSTEMTIME systemtime;
FILETIME filetime;
GetLocalTime(&systemtime);
SystemTimeToFileTime(&systemtime, &filetime);
LARGE_INTEGER liCurrentTime;
liCurrentTime.HighPart = filetime.dwHighDateTime;
liCurrentTime.LowPart = filetime.dwLowDateTime;
LONGLONG llCurrentTimeMS = liCurrentTime.QuadPart / 10000;
if (s_ulFirstCallTick == 0)
{
s_ulFirstCallTick = GetTickCount();
}
if (s_ullFirstCallTickMS == 0)
{
s_ullFirstCallTickMS = llCurrentTimeMS;
}
return s_ulFirstCallTick + (ULONG)(llCurrentTimeMS - s_ullFirstCallTickMS);
}
[DNSLookup.cpp]
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "DNSLookup.h"
int main(void)
{
char szDomainName[] = "www.baidu.com";
std::vector<ULONG> veculIPList;
std::vector<std::string> vecstrIPList;
std::vector<std::string> vecCNameList;
ULONG ulTimeSpent = 0;
CDNSLookup dnslookup;
BOOL bRet = dnslookup.DNSLookup(inet_addr("114.114.114.114"), szDomainName, &vecstrIPList, &vecCNameList, 1000, &ulTimeSpent);
printf("DNSLookup result (%s):\n", szDomainName);
if (!bRet)
{
printf("timeout!\n");
return -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i != veculIPList.size(); ++i)
{
printf("IP%d(ULONG) = %u\n", i + 1, veculIPList[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i != vecstrIPList.size(); ++i)
{
printf("IP%d(string) = %s\n", i + 1, vecstrIPList[i].c_str());
}
for (int i = 0; i != vecCNameList.size(); ++i)
{
printf("CName%d = %s\n", i + 1, vecCNameList[i].c_str());
}
printf("time spent = %ums\n", ulTimeSpent);
return 0;
}
以上就是C++實(shí)現(xiàn)DNS域名解析的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
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