詳解Java圖形化編程中的鼠標事件設計
鼠標事件的事件源往往與容器相關,當鼠標進入容器、離開容器,或者在容器中單擊鼠標、拖動鼠標時都會發(fā)生鼠標事件。java語言為處理鼠標事件提供兩個接口:MouseListener,MouseMotionListener接口。
MouseListener接口
MouseListener接口能處理5種鼠標事件:按下鼠標,釋放鼠標,點擊鼠標、鼠標進入、鼠標退出。相應的方法有:
(1) getX():鼠標的X坐標
(2) getY():鼠標的Y坐標
(3) getModifiers():獲取鼠標的左鍵或右鍵。
(4) getClickCount():鼠標被點擊的次數(shù)。
(5) getSource():獲取發(fā)生鼠標的事件源。
(6) addMouseListener(監(jiān)視器):加放監(jiān)視器。
(7) removeMouseListener(監(jiān)視器):移去監(jiān)視器。
要實現(xiàn)的MouseListener接口的方法有:
(1) mousePressed(MouseEvent e);
(2) mouseReleased(MouseEvent e);
(3) mouseEntered(MouseEvent e);
(4) mouseExited(MouseEvent e);
(5) mouseClicked(MouseEvent e);
【例】小應用程序設置了一個文本區(qū),用于記錄一系列鼠標事件。當鼠標進入小應用程序窗口時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標進來”;當鼠標離開 窗口時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標走開”;當鼠標被按下時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標按下”,當鼠標被雙擊時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標雙擊”;并顯示鼠標的坐標。程序還顯示一個紅色的圓,當點擊鼠標時,圓的半徑會不斷地變大。
import java.applet.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class MyPanel extends JPanel{
public void print(int r){
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.clearRect(0,0,this.getWidth(),this.getHeight());
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(10,10,r,r);
}
}
class MyWindow extends JFrame implements MouseListener{
JTextArea text;
MyPanel panel;
int x,y,r =10;
int mouseFlg=0;
static String mouseStates[]={"鼠標鍵按下","鼠標松開","鼠標進來","鼠標走開","鼠標雙擊"};
MyWindow(String s){
super(s);
Container con = this.getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
this.setSize(200,300);
this.setLocation(100,100);
panel = new MyPanel();
con.add(panel);
text = new JTextArea(10,20);
text.setBackground(Color.blue);
con.add(text);
addMouseListener(this);
this.setVisible(true);
this.pack();
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
r = r+4;
if(r>80){
r=10;
}
text.append(mouseStates[mouseFlg]+"了,位置是:" +x+","+y+"\n");
panel.print(r);
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 0;
repaint();
}
public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 1;
repaint();
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 2;
repaint();
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 3;
repaint();
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
if(e.getClickCount()==2){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 4;
repaint();
}
else{}
}
}
public class Example6_8 extends Applet{
public void init(){
MyWindow myWnd = new MyWindow("鼠標事件示意程序");
}
}
任何組件上都可以發(fā)生鼠標事件:鼠標進入、鼠標退出、按下鼠標等。例如,在上述程序中添加一個按鈕,并給按鈕對象添加鼠標監(jiān)視器,將上述程序中的init()方法修改成如下形式,即能示意按鈕上的所有鼠標事件。
JButton button;
public void init(){
button = new JButton(“按鈕也能發(fā)生鼠標事件”);
r = 10;
text = new JTextArea(15,20);
add(button);
add(text);
button.addMouseListener(this);
}
如果程序希望進一步知道按下或點擊的是鼠標左鍵或右鍵,鼠標的左鍵或右鍵可用InputEvent類中的常量BUTTON1_MASK和BUTTON3_MASK來判定。例如,以下表達式判斷是否按下或點擊了鼠標右鍵:
e.getModifiers()==InputEvent. BUTTON3_MASK
MouseMotionListener接口
MouseMotionListener接口處理拖動鼠標和鼠標移動兩種事件。
注冊監(jiān)視器的方法是:
addMouseMotionListener(監(jiān)視器)
要實現(xiàn)的的接口方法有兩個:
(1) mouseDragged(MouseEvent e)
(2) mouseMoved(MouseEvent e)
【例】一個滾動條與顯示窗口同步變化的應用程序。窗口有一個方塊,用鼠標拖運方塊,或用鼠標點擊窗口,方塊改變顯示位置,相應水平和垂直滾動條的滑塊也會改變它們在滾動條中的位置。反之,移動滾動條的滑塊,方塊在窗口中的顯示位置也會改變。
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class MyWindow extends JFrame{
public MyWindow(String s){
super(s);
Container con = this.getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
this.setLocation(100,100);
JScrollBar xAxis = new JScrollBar(JScrollBar.HORIZONTAL,50,1,0,100);
jScrollBar yAxis = new jScrollBar(JScrollBar.VERTICAL,50,1,0,100);
MyListener listener = new MyListener(xAxis,yAxis,238,118);
Jpanel scrolledCanvas = new JPanel();
scrolledCanvas.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
scrolledCanvas.add(listener,BorderLayout.CENTER);
scrolledCanvas.add(xAix,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
scrolledCanvas.add(yAix,BorderLayout.EAST);
con.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.NORTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.pack();
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
return new Dimension(500,300);
}
}
class MyListener extends JComponent implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,AdjustmentListener{
private int x,y;
private JScrollBar xScrollBar;
private JScrollBar yScrollBar;
private void updateScrollBars(int x,int y){
int d;
d = (int)(((float)x/(float)getSize().width)*100.0);
xScrollBar.setValue(d);
d = (int)(((float)y/(float)getSize().height)*100.0);
yScrollBar.setValue(d);
}
public MyListener(JScrollBar xaxis,JScrollBar yaxis,int x0,int y0){
xScrollBar =xaxis;
yScrollBar =yaxis;
x = x0;
y=y0;
xScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this);
yScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this);
this.addMouseListener(this);
this.addMouseMotionListener(this);
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
g.setColor(getBackground());
Dimension size = getSize();
g.fillRect(0,0,size.width,size.height);
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillRect(x,y,50,50);
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
updateScrollBars(x,y);
repaint();
}
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
updateScrollBars(x,y);
repaint();
}
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e){
if(e.getSource()==xScrollBar)
x=(int)((float)(xScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().width);
else if(e.getSource()==yScrollBar)
y = (int)((float)(yScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().height);
repaint();
}
}
public class Example6_9{
public static void main(){
MyWindow myWindow = new MyWindow("滾動條示意程序");
}
}
上述例子中,如果只要求通過滑動滑塊,改變內容的顯示位置,可以簡單地使用滾動面板JScrollPane。如果是這樣,關于滾動條的創(chuàng)建和控制都可以免去,直接由JScrollPane內部實現(xiàn)。參見以下修改后的MyWindow的定義:
class MyWindow extends JFrame{
public MyWindow(String s){
super(s);
Container con = this.getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
this.setLocaltion(100,100);
MyListener listener = new MyListener();
listener.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700,700));
JScrollPane scrolledCanvas = new JScrollPane(listener);
this.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.CENTER);
this.setVisible(true);
this.pack();
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
return new Dimension(400,400);
}
}
鼠標指針形狀也能由程序控制 ,setCursor()方法能設置鼠標指針形狀。例如,代碼setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(cursor.WAIT_CURSOR))。
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