詳解C#中使用對象或集合的初始值設(shè)定項初始化的操作
使用對象初始值設(shè)定項初始化對象
可以使用對象初始值設(shè)定項以聲明方式初始化類型對象,而無需顯式調(diào)用類型的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。
下面的示例演示如何將對象初始值設(shè)定項用于命名對象。編譯器通過先訪問默認(rèn)實例構(gòu)造函數(shù)然后處理成員初始化處理對象初始值設(shè)定項。因此,如果默認(rèn)構(gòu)造函數(shù)在類中聲明為 private,那么需要公共訪問權(quán)的對象初始值設(shè)定項將失敗。
下面的示例演示如何使用對象初始值設(shè)定項初始化新的 StudentName 類型。
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
// Declare a StudentName by using the constructor that has two parameters.
StudentName student1 = new StudentName("Craig", "Playstead");
// Make the same declaration by using an object initializer and sending
// arguments for the first and last names. The default constructor is
// invoked in processing this declaration, not the constructor that has
// two parameters.
StudentName student2 = new StudentName
{
FirstName = "Craig",
LastName = "Playstead",
};
// Declare a StudentName by using an object initializer and sending
// an argument for only the ID property. No corresponding constructor is
// necessary. Only the default constructor is used to process object
// initializers.
StudentName student3 = new StudentName
{
ID = 183
};
// Declare a StudentName by using an object initializer and sending
// arguments for all three properties. No corresponding constructor is
// defined in the class.
StudentName student4 = new StudentName
{
FirstName = "Craig",
LastName = "Playstead",
ID = 116
};
System.Console.WriteLine(student1.ToString());
System.Console.WriteLine(student2.ToString());
System.Console.WriteLine(student3.ToString());
System.Console.WriteLine(student4.ToString());
}
}
這段的輸出是:
Craig 0 Craig 0 183 Craig 116
public class StudentName
{
// The default constructor has no parameters. The default constructor
// is invoked in the processing of object initializers.
// You can test this by changing the access modifier from public to
// private. The declarations in Main that use object initializers will
// fail.
public StudentName() { }
// The following constructor has parameters for two of the three
// properties.
public StudentName(string first, string last)
{
FirstName = first;
LastName = last;
}
// Properties.
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int ID { get; set; }
public override string ToString()
{
return FirstName + " " + ID;
}
}
下面的示例演示如何使用集合初始值設(shè)定項初始化一個 StudentName 類型集合。請注意,集合初始值設(shè)定項是一系列由逗號分隔的對象初始值設(shè)定項。
List<StudentName> students = new List<StudentName>()
{
new StudentName {FirstName="Craig", LastName="Playstead", ID=116},
new StudentName {FirstName="Shu", LastName="Ito", ID=112},
new StudentName {FirstName="Gretchen", LastName="Rivas", ID=113},
new StudentName {FirstName="Rajesh", LastName="Rotti", ID=114}
};
使用集合初始值設(shè)定項初始化字典
Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 包含鍵/值對集合。 它的 Add 方法采用兩個參數(shù),一個用于鍵,另一個用于值。 若要初始化 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 或其 Add 方法采用多個參數(shù)的任何集合,請將每組參數(shù)括在大括號中,如下面的示例所示。
示例
在下面的代碼示例中,使用 StudentName 類型的實例初始化一個 Dictionary<TKey, TValue>。
class StudentName
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int ID { get; set; }
}
class CollInit
{
Dictionary<int, StudentName> students = new Dictionary<int, StudentName>()
{
{ 111, new StudentName {FirstName="Sachin", LastName="Karnik", ID=211}},
{ 112, new StudentName {FirstName="Dina", LastName="Salimzianova", ID=317}},
{ 113, new StudentName {FirstName="Andy", LastName="Ruth", ID=198}}
};
}
請注意集合的每個元素中的兩對大括號。 最內(nèi)層的大括號括起了 StudentName 的對象初始值,而最外層的大括號括起了將要添加到 studentsDictionary<TKey, TValue> 中的鍵/值對的初始值。 最后,字典的整個集合初始值括在一對大括號內(nèi)。

